Unit2Keephealthy.Topic3Grammar学案英语八年级上册

Unit2KeephealthyTopic3Mustweexercisetopreventtheflu?SectionA词汇积累：1.finally=intheend=atlast2.buildsb.up增强sb的体质3.allthetime=always一直4.play/dosports=do/takeexercise=exercise做运动Languagepoints一.—MayIaskyousomequestions,Dr.Li?我可以问你一些问题吗，李医生？—Sure,goahead.当然可以，你问吧。考点：（1）problem和question都当“问题”讲，但有区别。problem通常指难以解决的问题，尤指比较困难的问题，如社会、政治、经济问题等。一般用workout/dealwith/solve“解决”与problem搭配。question常指对某事疑惑不解需要寻找答案的问题，常与动词ask“问”/answer“答”搭配。（2）goahead表示同意对方的请求，根据情况可译为“说吧！做吧！干吧！请吧！”及时练习：选用problem或question填空。1.Canyouanswerthe_________?你能回答这个问题吗？2.Wemustsolvethe________ofheavytrafficinBeijingassoonaspossible.我们必须尽快解决北京的交通拥挤问题。3.Thisisadifficult_________toanswer.这个问题很难回答。—Canyouhelpme?—No__________.（没问题）二.Whatshouldwedotopreventit?我们应该怎样预防流感呢？考点：toprevetnit在句中作目的状语，也可以用“介词for+名词”表示目的，用What...for?/What...todo?/Why...?提问。eg.TheywenttoYunnanfortheirholidays.他们到云南去度假。练习：Igiveflowerstomymomtoshowmylove.（对划线部分提问）_____doyougiveflowerstoyourmomfor/todo?_____doyougiveflowerstoyourmom?拓展：prevent/stop/keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事三.Weshouldexerciseoftentobuildusup.Weshouldkeepourroomscleanandtheairfreshallthetime.我们应该经常锻炼增强我们的体质。我们应该一直保持房间清洁空气清新。考点：（1）buildup“增强体质”，动副结构短语，人称代词放中间（且用宾格形式）。eg.writethemdown记下它们turnitup把它开大声点（2）keep+adj.“保持......”keepsb./sth.+adj.“使某人/某物保持......”keepsb.doingsth.“让某人一直做某事”（3）keepsth.for+一段时间“借某物多久”Youcankeepthelibrarybookforamonth.及时练习：1.Thefathertrieshisbesttopreventhissonfrom_______(take)drugs.2.Lindaalwayskeepsherbedroom_______(clean).3.—MayIwatchTVnow?—Ofcourse,______.A.goaheadB.gooverC.eonD.youneedn’t四.Weshouldkeepawayfromcrowdedplaces.我们应该远离的地拥挤方。考点：（1）keepawayfrom...（接名词、代词或动名词）=don’tgetcloseto...“远离......”eg.Wehadbetterkeepawayfromsmokinganddrinking.我们最好远离吸烟和喝酒。crowded“拥挤的”五.We’lltakeyouradvice.我们将会采纳你的建议。考点：takesb’sadvice采纳某人的建议（1）advice是不可数名词，意为“意见、建议、劝告、忠告”不能与不定冠词a连用。eg.apieceofadvice一条建议Letmegiveyousomeadvice.让我给你一些建议。（2）advise是advice的动词形式，意为“建议”，常用于advisesb.todosth.的结构中。eg.He_______me_________Englisheverymorning.他建议我每天早晨读英语。六.Mustweexercisetopreventtheflu?为了预防流感我们必须锻炼吗？考点：情态动词的答语（1）—MustIdo...?—Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.（2）—NeedIdo...?—Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.(3)—DoIhavetodo...?—Yes,youdo.No,youdon’t.及时练习：1.—Ican’tstopplayingputergames.—Foryourhealth,I’mafraidyou______.A.canB.mayC.mustD.haveto2.You_____lend（借出、借给）thelibrarybookstoothers.A.mustB.havetoC.mustn’tD.don’thaveto3.—MustIdomyhomeworknow?—No,you______.mustB.havetoC.mustn’tD.don’thavetoSectionB词汇积累：1.ringsb.up=callsb.=callsb.up=givesb.acall给某人打2.forgettodosth.忘记做某事（还未做）3.forgetdoingsth.忘记做了某事（做了，但忘了）4.tellsb.(not)todosth.告诉某人（不要）做某事Languagepoints一.用语：知识点：（1）—Could/Can/MayIspeaktosb.?可以找某人接吗？—I’mafraidhe/sheisnothererightnow.恐怕他/她现在不在这儿。（2）I’dliketospeaktosb.我想找某人接。（3）Thisissb.(speaking).我是某人。（4）Isthatsb.(speaking)?你是某人吗？（5）Who’sthis/that(speaking)?你是谁？（6）Couldyoupleaseaskher/himtocallmebacklater?我你能让她/他等会给我回吗？（7）Justamoment,please./Holdtheline,please./Holdon,please./Waitamoment,please./Justaminute,please.请稍等。二．I’mafraidheisbusyrightnow.恐怕他此时很忙。考点：（1）beafraid+从句“恐怕......”；beafraidof+n./doingsth.“害怕某物/做某事”beafraidtodosth.含有“害怕其结果而不敢做......”的意味。eg.I’mafraidyou’llbelate.Sheisafraidofsnakes.（2）bebusy“忙碌”；bebusy(in)doingsth.=bebusywithsth.“忙于做某事”。eg.Thestudentsarebusydoingtheirhomework.=Thestudentsarebusy_______theirhomework.（3）rightnow(=now)“此刻，此时”，rightnow(=atonce=rightaway)立刻，马上。三.CanIleaveamessage?我可以留个口信吗？考点：messagen.信息，口信（可数名词）leaveamessage留口信(leaveamessageforsb.)takeamessage捎口信giveamessagetosb.给某人一个口信（givesb.amessage=takeamessageforsb.给某人捎口信）练习：—MayIspeaktoLinda?—Sorry,sheisn’therenow.Couldyouplease______?A.takeamessageB.giveamessageC.getamessageD.leaveamessage及时练习：1.Jenny_________beingalone.A.isafraidofB.afraidofC.isafraidtoD.isafraid2.IsMr.Blackill?_____Ithinkhewillhavetostayathometohaveagoodrest.A.Idon'tthinkso.B.I'mafraidnot.C.Ihopeso.D.I'mafraidso.3.Wouldyouliketoleaveyourphonenumber?No,thanks.Iwillcallback________.A.lateB.laterC.muchlaterD.latest4.Lingisn’t________.CanItakeamessage________him?A.in;forB.on;forC.at;ofD.in;of四....butIcan’tfinishitbymyself.我可以留个口信吗？考点：（1）(all)byoneself“独自地，单独第，独立地”，相当于withoutothers’help.eg.Weshoulddoourhomeworkbyourselves.（2）反身代词，表示某人自身，在句中可以用作宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语，译为“本人，亲自”。eg.IteachmyselfEnglish.(作宾语）Thelittlegirlinthestoryismyself.(作表语）Youshoulddosomecleaningyourselffirst.(作主语you的同位语）常见固定词组：teachoneself自学=learnbyoneself自学;enjoyoneself玩得开心;helponeself随便吃/用/拿lookafteroneself=takecareofoneself照顾自己;washoneself洗漱自己；makeoneselfathome别拘束；say...tooneself自言自语及时练习：根据句意用适当的反身代词填空。1.LastSaturdaytheyenjoyed____________inmyparty.2.—CanIhelpyou?—No,thankyou.Icandoitby___________.3.Thedogfoundtheball_____________.4.Pleasehelp____________tosomecandies,kids.5.Mybrotherisveryyoung,buthecanlookafter___________.五.IsDadfreetoday?爸爸今天有空吗？befree=havetime有空，不忙，有时间。eg.Isshefree?=Doesshehavetime?拓展：free还有“自由的，免费的”之意。六.CanIuseyourputerforhelp?我能用你的电脑帮忙吗？句中useAtodoB=useAfor(doing)B=doBwithA“用A去做B”练习我们用刀来切东西。Weuseknives______cutthings.=Weuseknives______cuttingthings.=Wecutthings______knives.Exercises()1.Weshouldkeepourrooms______.A.cleanedB.cleanC.cleaning()2.MustIfinishitatonce?______.A.Yes,youshouldB.No,youmustn’tC.No,youneedn’t()3.Mymotheroftentellsme______intheriver.A.nottoswimB.tonotswimC.noswim()4.Don’tforget_______thewindowwhenyouleavetheroom.A.closingB.tocloseC.closed()5.Youlooktired.Youneed_____agoodrest.havingB.hadC.tohaveSectionC词汇积累：1.2.Don’tdosth.=You’dbetternotdosth.3.keepfit=keephealthy4.ononehand一方面5.ontheotherhand另一方面Languagepoints一.It’snecessarytolearnaboutfirstaid.了解急救方面的知识是必要的。考点：It’s+adj./n.+(forsb.)todosth.做某事（对某人来说）是......的。eg.It’sagoodtimetoflykitesinspring.It’simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.It’sdangerousforgirlstowalkaloneoutsideatnight.二.Trytostaysafewhenyouplaysports.当你做运动时，尽量保持安全。考点：（1）trytodosth.尽力/量去做某事、设法做某事（2）trydoingsth.试着去做某事（3）stay/keep+adj.表状态“保持.....的”三.Ontheotherhand,youmayfeelillifyouarealwaysunhappy.另一方面，如果你总是不开心，你可能会感到不舒服。考点：(1)Ifyoue,Iwillwaitforyou.从句主句(2)Iwillwaitforyouifyoue.主句从句注意：从句在主句前时，用逗号隔开；当主句在前时，则不用逗号。if引导的条件状语从句的时态1.主将，从现:（主句用将来时，if从句用一般现在时表将来。）IfIhaveenoughmoney,Iwillbuyabighouse.2.主情，从现：（主句谓语用情态动词，if从句用一般现在时。）Youmayfeelillifyouarealwaysunhappy.3.主祈，从现：（主句用祈使句，if从句用一般现在时。）Pleasedon’tgotobedifyoudon'tfinishyourhomework.四.Youshouldsaynotosmokinganddrinking.你们应该对烟酒说不。考点：saynoto...对......说不，这里的to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。eg.Let’ssaynotoplayingputergames.链接：类似短语：sayhelloto向......问好saygoodbyeto向......告别saythanksto向......道谢saysorryto向......道歉辨析：say,speak,tell,talk都有“讲、说”之意，区别如下：（1）say注重说话的内容eg.Whatdoyouwanttosay?HesaysI’mveryintersting.（2）speak强调说话的方式、能力、发言。也表示讲某种语言。eg.DotheEnglishspeakFrench?英国人说法语吗？speak还可用于用语，如：ThisisLindaspeaking.（3）tell表示告诉某人某事。tellsb.sth./tellsb.(not)todosth.eg.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.短语：telljokes/stories/lies讲笑话/故事/撒谎（4）talk强调谈论、交谈，常和介词to或with连用。talkto/withsb.talkwithsb.aboutsth.及时练习：1.—Bob,canyou_____thiswordinChinese?—Yes,Ican_____alittleChinese.A.speak;sayB.say;speakC.tell;speakD.talk;say2.Ofallmyclassmates,Tomisthebestat_____stories.A.sayingB.speakingC.tellingD.talking3.Pleasedon’t_____itinfrontofchildren.A.talkwithB.tellC.speakD.talkabout五.Inordertokeephealthy,weshouldhavehealthyeatinghabits.为了保持健康，我们应当有健康的饮食习惯。考点：“”在句中作目的状语，意为“为了做某事”，可与“soastodosth./todosth.（“为了做某事”）或“sothat/inorderthat+目的状语从句（“以便，为了”）进行同义句转换。eg.Iexerciseofteninordertopreventtheflu.=Iexerciseoftentopreventtheflu.=Iexerciseoftensoastopreventtheflu.=Iexerciseoftensothatpreventtheflu.=Iexerciseofteninorderthatpreventtheflu.辨析：so...that...“如此......以致于......”，其中that引出一个结果状语从句。eg.Hewenttobedsolatelastnightthatheoversleptthismorning.他昨晚睡得如此晚说以致于他今早睡过头了。及时练习：1.WhenthefootballfanssawBeckham,theygot___excited____theycriedout.A.too;toB.inorder;thatC.so;thatD.inorder;to2.Tomboughtapairofsportsshoesonline____hewouldsavealotoftime.A.sothatB.inorderthatC.inordertoD.BothAandB3.ThelittlegirlsavedeverycoinsothathecouldbuyhismotheragiftonMother’sDay.（改为同义句）=Thelittlegirlsavedeverycoin______________hecouldbuyhismotheragiftonMother’sDay.=Thelittlegirlsavedeverycoin______________buyagifttohismotheronMother’sDay.Howtokeephealthy?要点提示：1.保持健康应该注意哪些方面？2.关于这几方面具体应该怎样做？要求：1.词数：80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数2.文中不能出现自己的名字和所在学校的名称。_______________________________Howtokeephealthy?Asweallknow,it’sveryimportanttokeephealthy.Butdoyouknowhowtokeephealthy?Hereissomeadvice.Ithinkweshouldeathealthyfoodlikevegetablesandfruits.Theyaregoodforourhealth.Andweshouldn’teatjunkfood.It’snecessaryforustotakeexercise.Exercisewillkeepusactiveandstrong.Ithinkwehadbetterplaysportslikebasketballortabletennisonceaday.Weshouldbehappy.Ifweareunhappyandworriedaboutsomething,wecantalktoourparentsandteachers.Inordertokeepfit,youcanfollowmyadvice.Exercises1.Wedon’tknowhowtopreventtheflu.ShallweaskDoctorWangHaifor_______?A.theadvices B.anadvice C.someadviceD.someadvices2.MayIwatchTV,Mom?I’mafraidyou________.A.shouldnot B.can’t C.mustnot D.maynot3.Teachersoftentellus________toplayputergames.A.no B.not C.don’t D.be4.Doing________everyday________meveryhealthy.A.sports,makes B.sport,makeC.sport,madeD.sports,making5.Having________eatinghabitsisgood________our________.A.health;for;healthy B.healthy;to;health C.healthy;for;health D.health;to;healthSectionD词汇积累：1.stopdoingsth.2.stoptodosth.3.Themoreexercise,thebetter4.warmup5.needtodosth.6.sb.spends...doingsth./onsth.7.choosetodosth.8.keephealthy/fit9.becarfulLanguagepoints一.Themoreexercise,thebetter.锻炼得越多越好。考点：the+比较级+（主语+谓语），the+比较级+（主语+谓语）“越......越......”。eg.Thefaster,thebetter.越快越好。Themorecarefuldriversare,thefewertrafficaccidentstherewillbe.及时练习：你练得越多，做起来就越容易。________youpractice，________itbees.二.Weshouldstopexercisingwhenwearehurt.当我们受伤时应该停止锻炼。考点：stopdoingsth.停止做某事；stoptodosth.停下来去做某事（表示停下正在做的事情去做另一件事）；stopsb.(from)doingsth.阻止某人做某事。eg.Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,westoppedtalking.Shewastootired,soshehadtostoptohavearest.Theheavyrainstoppedusfromplayingbasketball.及时练习：1.Iwanttoaskmyfathertostop_______(smoke)becauseofhisbadcough.2.WheneverweaskMissChenforhelp,shewillstop________(help)us.3.我们应该阻止孩子们玩火。（完成译句）Weshould_______thechildren_______playingwithfire.三.Drinkingwhileplayingsportsisbadforourhealth.做运动时喝饮料对我们健康不利。考点：when/while/before/after+时间状语从句可以简化为：when/while/before/after+doingsth.eg.IoftengivemymomahugbeforeIgoout.=Ioftengivemymomahugbefore___________.四.Chooseasportthatyouenjoyandthenyourexercisewillbefuninsteadofwork.当选择一项你喜欢的运动，然后你的锻炼会有趣而不是工作。考点：（1）thatyouenjoy是一个定语从句，修饰名词sport.（2）choosetodosth.选择做某事，choose...from...从......中选出......what/whichtochoose选择什么/哪一个。eg.Heoftenchoosesnottoanswermyquestions.（3）insteadadv.，意为“代替，而不是”，常用作状语（位于句首或句末）。eg.Ididn’tgotothepark.Instead,Iwenttothezoo.拓展：instead和insteadof的辨析：1）instead是副词，后面不接其他的词，一般情况下可不译出，通常放在句首或句末，在句首时常用逗号隔开，表示前面的事没做，而做了后面的事。eg.Hedidn’tgotoschool.Instead,hewenttothecinema2）insteadof是介词短语，意为“代替，而不是”，后面可以跟与前面并列成分相应的名词、代词、动词ing形式等作为介词宾语。eg.Hewenttothecinemainsteadofgoingtoschool.记忆：instead+句子insteadof+名词、代词、动词ing形式等（非句子）练习：Philipdidn'tgohikingwithhissister,_____,hestayedandplayedgamesaloneathome.insteadB.ratherthanC.insteadofD.although五.Youdonotneedtospendalotofmoneyexercising.你不必花很多钱做锻炼。考点：（1）sb.spendssomemoneydoingsth./onsth.意为“某人花钱做某事/在某事上”，常与

sb.payssomemoneytodosth./forsth.sth.costssb.somemoney进行同义句转换。eg.Shespentmuchmoneybuyinganewputer.=Shepaidmuchmoneyforanewputer.=Anewputercosthermuchmoney.sb.spendssometimedoingsth./onsth.意为“某人花时间做某事/在某事上”，常与

Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.进行同义句转换。eg.Ispenttwohoursonthismathproblem.=Ittookmetwohourstoworkoutthismathproblem.考点：（2）need作实义动词，可用need+n./ving/todo。needsth.需要某物，needtodosth.需要做某事sth.needsdoing某事需要被做。eg.Ineedyourhelp.Everyoneneedstoexerciseatleast30minuteseveryday.Theroomneedscleaning.注意：need作为情态动词主要用于否定句和疑问句中。eg.Youneedn’tworryaboutit.—Needhedothisworkfirst?—No,heneedn’t.及时练习：1.—Doyouoftengetonline?—Yes,I_____lotsoftimeonit.It’sagoodwaytokilltime.A.costB.spendC.takeD.pay2.Asyouworkedlatelastnight,you_____soearlytomorrow.A.needn’ttoeB.don’tneedeC.needn’teD.need3.ThisafternoonMr.Li_____formydinner.A.spentB.paidC.costD.took4.—Whatbeautifuldressyou’rewearing!Theymustbeexpensive.—No,itonly_____30yuan.A.spentB.tookC.paidD.cost5.Itwill_____metoomuchtimetoreadthisbook.A.takeB.costC.spendD.pay六．must和haveto都是“必须”的意思，但must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须，无时态变化；而haveto侧重于客观上的必要，可用于各种时态。eg.Youmusttakegoodcareofyourlittlebrother.Becauseofbadweather,wehaveto/hadto/willhavetostayathome.Exercis