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Unit1GoodFriends

一、语法

DirectandIndirectSpeech(l)

直接引语和间接引语

1.直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。

eg:"IbrokeyourCDplayer."(一般过去时改成过去完成时)

HetoldmehehadbrokenmyCDplayer.

Jennysaid,"Ihavelostabook."(现在完成时改成过去完成时)

Jennysaidshehadlostabook.

Mumsaid,"Tilgotoseeafriend."(一般将来时改成过去将来时)

Mumsaidshewouldgotoseeafriend.

Hesaid,"Wehadn'tfinishedourhomework."(过去完成时保留原有的时态)

Hesaidtheyhadn'tfinishedtheirhomework.

注意:直接引语是客观真理,过去进行时,时态不变。

2.在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,从句中的

人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如:

Marysaid,"Mybrotherisanengineer."

Marysaidherbrotherwasandengineer.

3.直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或

if引导的宾语从句。如:

Hesaid,"Canyourun,Mike?"

HeaskedMikewhether/ifhecouldrun.

4.直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为、'tell(ask,order,beg等)sb(not)todosth”

句型。如:

"Passmethewater,please.*'saidhe.

Heaskedhimtopassherthewater.

5.直接引语如果是以"Let's"开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用、'suggest+动名词或

从句〃的结构。如:

Shesaid/'Let'sgotothecinema."

Shesuggestedgoingtothecinema,(或Shesuggestedthattheyshouldgotothe

cinema.)

二、聚焦高频考点

1.倒装句型:前句为肯定句,后句用so+谓语+主语,意为''某人也……〃。如:

Shelikesdogs.SodoI.

前句为否定句,后句用neither/nor+谓语+主语,意为''某人也不……〃。如:

Thegirlhasnobrothersorsisters.Neither/NorhaveI.

2.lonely,alone和lone

alone=byoneself,withoutothers

lonely=unhappybecauseoneisalwaysawayfromhisfamilyorfriends,”孤独

地如寂寞的“,暗示主观上的''孤独如寂寞〃,渴望有伴。也可以表示''地方的荒凉〃。

lone也有、'孤独的,孤零零的一个“,作定语。

eg:I'malonebutI'mnotlonely.

Icanseeonlyonelonestarinthecloudysky.

leavesthalone表示''不去理会,不要去管某事〃。如:

Leavemealone!别理我!

Letalone"更不用说如:

Hecan'tspeakJapanese,letalonewriteit.

作形容词时,alone不能与very连用,而与much连用,即说muchalone或verymuch

aloneallalone;而lonely可与very连用:verylonely.

3.treatsb.as…把某人当作……来对待

Theoldmantreatedtheorphanashisownson.

''把某人看作……”有以下几种说法:

regardsbas...=considersbas...=thinkofsbas...

''把……误当作……take...for…如:

Peoplesometimestakearopeforasnake.

4.careabout表示''关心,计较,在乎",一般用于否定句。如:

Idon'tcareaboutgoingtothecinema.

carefor表示''关心,照料,喜欢",如:

Shecaredmorefornewclothesthanforanythingelse.

5.makefriendswithsb.和……人交朋友。如:

Wehavemadealotoffriendswiththedifferentpeopleallovertheworld.

6.huntfor''竭力寻找",在很多情况下,lookfor与searchfor或huntfor互换。如:

Ihuntedforthemissingbookeverywhere.

beafter表示''搜寻‘z寻找'’的状态,不指具体的动作。如:

That'swhatIamafter.

7.suchas用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子,有时可与like互换,但suchas用于列

举时可分开使用。而forexample一般只举同类人或物中的''一个"为例,作插入语,用逗

号隔开,可置于句首句中或句末。

Mybrotherlikescollectingdifferentkindsofthings,suchascoins,books.

三、常用词语和句型

l.beintosth.对……感兴趣,非常喜欢……(非正式英语)

eg:I'mnotintoclassicalmusic.

2.befondof酷爱,非常喜欢,与enjoy相近,比like感情强。

eg:Inhislife,heisfondofEnglish.

3.boring主语为物,如:

Thebookisboring.

bored主语为人,如:

Heisbored.

4.survive幸存;活下来;残存;继续存在。

Hesurvivedthetrafficaccident.

Onlythreehundredhousessurvivedtheearthquakeinthatcity.

survive作不及物动词,表示''残存;留传''的意思。

Thecustomstillsurvivesinthatsmallvillage.

四、日常交际用语

Hithere.I'mJoe.

Ienjoysinging.

IhatehikingandI'mnotintoclassicalmusic.

I'mfondofdancing.

I'm(not)surethat...

Perhaps...

He/Shethinksthat...isboring/terrible.

Unit2Englisharoundtheworld

一、语法

DirectandIndirectSpeech(2)

不定式在间接引语中的运用

祈使句变为间接引语时要将祈使句中的动词原形改为不定式,并在不定式前加上动词

ask/tell/order等;若直接引语中的祈使句表示的是命令的口气,间接引语用tell/order;

若祈使句是否定式,则在不定式前加否定词not,即tell/ordersb.nottodosth.如:

“Don'tsmokeintheroom/'hesaid.

Hetoldmenottosmokeintheroom.

若直接引语中表示的是请求的口气,间接引语用ask,如:

''Pleasegivethebirdcleanwatereveryday."Myfriendsaid.

Myfriendaskedmetogivethebirdcleanwatereveryday.

"Couldyouhelpmewithmyhomework?"shesaid.

Sheaskedmetohelpherwithherhomework.

当直接引语是疑问句时,在转变为间接引语时,应运用疑问词+不定式,在句中作宾语。如:

"Whenshallwestart?"heasked.

Hewantedtoknowwhentostart.

二、聚焦高频考点

l.agreat/goodmany+可数名词的复数形式,如:

ThereareagreatmanyIndianwordsinAmericanEnglish.

anumberof+可数名词的复数形式,如:

Anumberofteachersandstudentstakeanactivepartinthematch.

thenumberof中的number指、'总数量〃,与复数名词连用,谓语动词用单数。如:

ThenumberoftheDoctorandMastersinthisprimaryschoolisonly20.

2.exceptfor,except,besides,but,butfor用法区另U

exceptfor用于非同类事物,它的宾语与前述对象不属同类。

eg:Theessayisgenerallygoodexceptforsomespellingmistakes.

butfor=without表示''要不是……一般放在句首,表达语气是虚拟的,主句也用虚拟。

如:

ButfortheParty,wewouldnevergetagoodlife.

except和besides用于肯定句时,except表示''除……之外(不再有)〃强调除去部分;

besides表示"除……之外(还有)〃强调还包括的部分。如:

WeallwenthikingexceptJack.(Jack不去)

WeallwenthikingbesidesJack.(Jack也去)

except,besides,but用于否定句时可互换,如:

Nobodycouldgetthecertificationexcept/besides/butyou.

谓语是do时,except/but后的不定式省去to.如:

Hedidnothingbut/exceptstayathomeallday.

But前没有do时,but后不定式要带to,如:

Wehavenochoicebuttowait.

3.定语从句中关系代词只能用that的情况

1)先行词是all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。如:

ThatisallthatIwanttotellyou.

2)先行词被all,few,any,every,little,no,some修饰时。如:

Ihavefinishedeverybook(that)myteacherlentme.

3)被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,如:

Thesecondlessonthatshelearnedwillneverbeforgotten.

4)先行词被only,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时,如:

HeistheonlyonethatIwanttosee.

5)先行词既有人又有物时,如:

Weweretalkingofthingsandpersonsthatwerememberedintheliberatedarea.

4.as作关系代词或关系副词引导定语从句时,as可作主语,表语,这个定语从句说明或代

表整个主句,并可以放在主句之前。如:

Asweallknow,Englishisspokenallaroundtheworld.(as作宾语)

Asisknowntoall,thereisnoghostintheworld.(as作主语)

5.助动词do使用不同的时态替代前文提到过的某一动词词组以避免重复。如:

InthesamewayAmericansusetheexpression"Iguess"justastheBritishdid

(这里的did替代前面的usedtheexpression''Iguess")30yearsago.

6.主语+have+(no,little,some,much,great,...)difficulty/troubleindoingsth.

做某事有困难/麻烦。如:

Ihavenodifficultyingettingajob.

三、常用词语和句型

l.Moreorless多少;有点儿;或多或少有几分

eg:Ihopehecangiveyoumoreorlesshelp.

Thechildismoreorlesstired.

2.mean(meant,meant)意味;打算;意欲

I'msorry,Ididn'tmeanto.(我不是故意的)

meantodo打算做...

Hemeanttohavelunchhere.

meansbtodo打算做……

Imeanyoutohavedinnerwithmetonight.

mean(doing)sth打算做...

Tohim,doingnothingmeansgivingup.

3.communicatewithsb.与人沟通,通信。

Myfriendoftencommunicateswithaforeignerbyletter.

communicatesth.tosb.把..通知/告诉某人

Ilikecommunicatingmyplanstohim.

4.knowledge知识;认知;消息;knowledgeoF'了解"

MyknowledgeofJapaneseissopoor.

Mycousinhasagoodknowledgeofphysics.

5.allaroundtheworld=allover/throughouttheworld

四、11常交际用语

Canyouspellthat,please?

Ibegyourpardon?

Couldyourepeat,please?

Howdoyousay...inEnglish?

Whatdoyoumeanby...?

Howdoyoupronounce...?

Couldyouspeakabitslowly,please?

Whatdoes...mena?

Unit3Goingplaces

一、语法

ThePresentContinuousTenseforFutureActions

L现在进行时表示一般现在时

现在进行时有时用来代替一般现在时,表示一个经常性动作或状态,为了表示一种情感:

eg:Heisalwayshelpingothers.(表示赞许的情感)

Sheisalwayslyingtome.(表示不满的情感)

或是为了强调情况的暂时性。

eg:I'mwalkingtoschoolbecausemybikeisbroken.

Forthesethreedays,wearestartingat8:00.

2•现在进行时可用来表示将来时,现在进行时表示将来时,即表示按计划或安排在最近将要

进行的动作。

特别是一些表示“移动性〃的动词,如:go,come,arrive,leave,start,fly,get等,常

用进行时表示将来时。如:

MymotherisleavingforCanadatomorrow.

HowlongareyoustayinginGuangzhou?

二、聚焦高频考点

1.considerdoingsth.=thinkofdoingsth.''考虑做某事“,如:

I'mconsideringgoingabroadforfurtherstudy.

considercarefullybeforetakingaction三思而后行

consider...(as),regard...as…,treat...as…都含''认为是......”意思。

consider侧重''经过考虑而认为",表示''一种比较客观的看法“,如:

considerwhathesaid(as)reasonable.我认为他说的有道理。

regard指''把......认为",''把……看作",表示''以外部形象得出认识或个人的主观认识”,如:

Hewasregardedastheforemostauthorityonchemistry.彳也被认为是化学最高权

威。

treat表示''在某种认识的基础上看待或对待”,重在行动,而不在认识,如:

Theywillnotbetreatedasenemies,他们不会被当做敌人对待。

2.means=way,方式,方法。

bymeansof通过;用;借助于,强调方式,方法。如:

NowadaystheInternetisanimportantmeansofcommunication.

今天网络是信息交流的重要工具。

Thelocalarmymenhelpedthevictimsoftheearthquakebyeverymeansat

theircommand.

当地的军人用一切可能办法帮助地震灾民。

Heclimbedthetreebymeansofaladder.

他用梯子爬上了树。

常用短语:

byallmeans,定;务必

byanymeans用•切可能的方法或手段

bynomeans决不,一点也不

bythismeans用这种方法

3.equipment装备;设备;必需品

officeequipment办公室设备

Ourschoolhasbeengivensomenewequipment.

我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。

Agoodsleepingbagisanessentialpartofeverycampersequipment.

一个完好的睡袋是每个露宿者必不可少的装备。

4.ononehand一方面;ontheotherhand另一方面,如:

Iwanttogototheparty,butontheotherhandIoughttobestudying.

我想去参加聚会,但从另一方面来说,我应该留卜来学习。

5.getawayfrom…从……逃离,脱离,离开。如:

Hehopedhecouldgetawayfromthemeeting.

getawaywith…(不可用被动语态)潜逃,逍遥法外。

Don'texpectyoucangetawaywiththeaccident.

6.prefer与to搭配,表示"likesth.betterthansth."如:

Iprefercoffeetotea.

Whichofthesetwofilmsdoyouprefer?

preferdoingsth.todoingsth.(这里的动词用动名词形式)表示相对于后一动作,更喜欢

做前一个动作。

Iprefercyclingtowalking.

prefertodo...ratherthando宁愿...而不愿

prefertodieratherthansurrender

prefertodo…喜欢做某事,用于只列举一个动作时;

Shepreferstobealone.

7.whynot...?=whydon'tyou...?

Whynotgoraftingwithus?=Whydon'tyougoraftingwithus?

8.atthesametime同时

attimes=sometimes有时

atalltimes=always随时,无论什么时候

atonetime=once从前,曾经

atatime一次,每次

atnotime决不,任何时候都不

9.unless:'、除非",''如果......不"

You'llfailintheexamunlessyoustudyhard.

=Ifyoudon'tworkhard,you'llfailintheexam.

三、常用词语和句型

l.trydoingsth.试着做某事

eg:Itrieddoingallthethingsmyself.

trytodosth.努力/尽力做某事(但未成功)

eg:Thedoctortriedtopersuadehispatienttostopsmoking,butfailed.

2.experience(n.)经验(不可数名词);经历;阅历(可数名词)

eg:Idon'tthinkhehasenoughexperienceforthejob.

experience^.)经验;体验;感受

eg:Manypeopleliketravelingtoexperiencelifeinothercountries.

experienced(adj.)有经验的,熟练的

eg:MissLiuisanexperiencedEnglishteacher.

3.bepopularwith…如:

Thisdanceispopularwithyoungpeople.

这种舞很受青年人喜爱。

4.instead(adv.)代替

insteadof=inplaceof后跟名词,代词,动名词或介词短语

5.protect...from…保护...免受......如:

Don'tworry.Hewillprotectyoufrombeinghurt.

6.haveto意为''不得不,必须“,强调客观上的必要;must则侧重于主观上的必要。

7.seesb.off给某人送行

8.separate(adj.)分离的,分开的;单独的。

eg:Cuttheappleintothreeseparateparts.

MysisterandIsleepinseparatebeds.

separate”)使分离,使分开。

eg:Separatethegoodonesfromthebad.

separatesth.(up)into...分开(几分),分割成(几段)

Thefarmerseparatedtheland(up)intosmallfields.

9.watchoutforsth.注意,警惕

eg:Watchout!Thebusiscoming.

Youmustwatchoutforthecarswhenyoucrossthecar.

四、日常交际用语

HaveanicetimeinGuangzhou!

Say"Hi"toBobforme.

Haveagoodtrip.

Unit4Unforgettableexperiences

-、语法

TheAttributiveClause(l)

复习关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

l.who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词。

eg:Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?(who/that在从句中主语)

Heisthemanwhom/thatImetyesterday.(who/that在从句中宾语)

2.Whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同ofwhich互换)如:

Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisblue.

3.which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语,宾语等。如:

Thebook(which/that)myteacherlentmeisveryinteresting.

二、聚焦高频考点

l.be(get)married表示婚姻状态。如:

Theyaremarried.

Shegotmarriedtoadoctor.

如果要表示结婚的时间,可用表示行为动作的连系动词get。

Whendidhegetmarried?

Hegotmarriedin1997.

如果是父母作主,把女儿''嫁"出去,也用marry,如:

Shemarriedallherdaughters.

Shemarriedherdaughterstoafarmer.

2.occur,happen,takeplace都含''发生"的意思。

happen为常用词语,指''一切客观事物或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生”,如:

Theaccidenthappenedyesterday.

事故发生在昨天。

happentosb./sth.指不好的事情发生在某人(物)身上

occur属正式用语,指''按计划使某事或效果发生“,通常所指的时间和事件都比较确定,在

以具体事物,事件作主语时,可与happen互换,如:

Theseeventsoccurredin1909.

这些事件发生于1909年。

occurtosb./sth.指''某种思想等呈现于某人的知觉中”,如:

Didn'titoccurtoyoutophonehimaboutit?

takeplace指''发生事先计划或预想到的事物“,如:

Themeetingtookplaceat8:00asplanned.

按计划会议在八点举行了。

3.beonfire着火,表状态。如:

Lookout!Thepanisonfire.

catchfire表动作

eg:Thehousecaughtfirelastnight.

onthefire指的是炉火

eg:Thepanwasonthefire.

4.现在分词作状语表示伴随情况。句中有两个以上的动作,除主要动作用谓语动词表示外,

另一个伴随动作均可用现在分词来表达。如:

Thenextmomentthefirstwavesweptherdown,swallowingthegarden.

Beforetheyreachedthehouse,anewgreatwavecame,sweepingdowntrees,

andsweepingthemdowntoo.

Isatatthegate,waitingformymum.

三、常用词语和句型

1.remembertodosth.记着做还没做过的事情。

eg:She'llremembertosendtheletterforyou.

2.rememberdoingsth.对做过的事情还记得。

eg:Irememberhavingmetyoubefore.

remembersb.to…代问好/问候。如:

Remembermetoyourparents.

3.usedt。''表示过去常常做……〃该动作不是没有反复性。

注意usedto的否定式和疑问句:

Iusednottolikeclassicalmusic.(此时usedto作情态动词)

Ididn'tusetolikeclassicalmusic.

Usedyoutolikeopera?(此时usedto作情态动词)

Didyouusetolikeopera?

四、日常交际用语

Help!

I'mafraidto...

I'mafraid.

Itscaresme.

Don'tworry.

Don*tbeafraid.

It'llbeOK/allright.

Ifsallright!

Welldone.

Youcandoit!

Comeon!

That'sbetter./Keeptrying.

Unit5Thesilverscreen

一、语法

TheAttributiveClause(2)

复习由介词和关系代词共同引导的定语从句以及由关系副词where,when,why引导的定

语从句。

''介词+关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。这个结构中的

介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,to,at,of,without等,关系代词只可用

whom或which,不可用that,且介词后面的关系同不能省略。另外某些在从句中充当时间,

地点或原因状语的''介词+关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。

eg:ThisisthehouseinwhichmymumandIusedtolive.

Thisisthehousewhere(that)mymumandIusedtolive.

I'llrememberthedaysinwhichyoustayedwithme.

I'llrememberthedayswhen(that)youstayedwithme.

Isthisthereasonwhy(that)shewaslate?

Isthisthereasonforwhichshewaslate?

二、聚焦高频考点

l.playan(important)rolein=playan(important)partin在起(重要)作用,担

任……(重要)角色。如:

Chinaisplayinganimportantpartininternationaltrading.

KeanuReevesplayedanimportantroleinSpeed.

2.owe表示''负债",如:

Don'tforgetyoustilloweme5000RMB!

owe...to''感激;把......归功于......”

Thedirectorowedhissuccesstohisfamily.

3.afford买得起

eg:Hecanaffordanapartment.

他能买得起一套住房。

afford经受得住;承担得起

eg:Canyouafford$12000for...?

你花得起12000美元买……吗?

Ican'taffordthreeweeksawayfromwork.

我无法丢下工作三星期。

afford提供;给予

eg:Thetransactionaffordedhimagoodprofit.

这笔买卖使他赚了一大笔。

eg:Hetoldmethatthefirmcouldnotaffordtopaysuchlargesalaries.

他告诉我公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。

4.failtodosth.不能,不(做),忘记;疏忽

eg:Hefailedtocome.

他不能来。

Shefailedtopasstheexam.

她考试不及格。

5.thinkhighlyof=singhighpraiseSr高度评价,称赞某人/某物

eg:Allthepeoplethinkhighlyofhergooddeeds.

Theteachersanghighlyofthelittleboy.

6.makecommentson/upon评论某事

eg:Weareaskedtomakecommentsonthefilm.

三、常用词语和句型

1.becomeadult=growup成长,成人

eg:Whatareyougoingtodowhenyougrowup?

grown-up(adj.)成年的

eg:Shehastwogrown-upsons.

2.befamousfor以.而闻名

eg:Thistownisfamousforitsbeautifulbuildings.

这个城镇以它那漂亮的建筑而出名。

befamousas作为...而闻名

eg:KeanuReevesisfamousasanactor.

3.cause(vt.)引起,使发生

causesb.todosth.

eg:I'msorryIhavecausedyousomuchtrouble.

Yourwordscausedhimtochangehismind.

4.can'thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事

eg:Icouldn'thelplaughingathisjoke.

5.takeone'splace”就座〃;'、代替某人的工作〃

eg:Afterwetookourplace,themeetingbegan.

TheheadmasteraskedforaleaveandIhadtotakehisplace.

四、日常交际用语

Youstudied/worked/actedatdifferent...

First...,andthen...

Whatdidyoudonext?

Finallyyoufoundajobas...

Lateron...

Whatmadeyoudecideto...?

Whatrolesdidyouact?

Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?

Howlonghaveyoubeenworkingas...?

Unit6Goodmanners

一、Grammar

TheRestrictiveAttributiveClauseandNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause

限制性和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句

是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。如:

Thisisthecarwhichweboughtlastyear.

Thehouse,whichIboughtlastweek,isverybright.

二、聚焦高频考点

l.meantodo''打算,企图”。

Shemeanstostayherefortwomoredays.

meandoing''意味着"

Missingtheplanemeanswaitingforanotherhour.

2.apologisetosb.forsth./doingsth./what从句,为某事向某人道歉

Youshouldapologisetoyourteacherforcominglate.

Iapologiseformymistakes.

IwanttoapologiseforwhatI'vedone.

makeanapologytosb.forsth.为某事向某人道歉

Shehasmadeanapologytomeforhercarelessness.

3.forgive(forgave,forgiven)饶恕,豁免,宽恕。常指原谅一个人的过失

Justforgivehim!

Don'tforgivesuchaperson.

excuse表示语气,程度逐渐加强,指轻微的冒犯,失礼。

Excusemeforbeinglate.

pardon多指较正式,客气的请求。

Pleasepardonmeforsteppingyouonthefoot.

4.atthetable餐桌旁

Wearediscussingaquestionatthetable.

attable在进餐

Hisfamilyaresittingattable.

onthetable在桌面上;公开

Thewoundedsoliderarelyingonthetable.

Themanagerisgoingtoputthequestiononthetable.

5.advice(不可数名词)

apieceofadvice/muchadvice

give;follow/take;askforadvice提出,接受,征求意见

eg:Iusuallyaskforhisadvice.

Somepeopledon'tliketakingothers*advice.

advisesb.todosth.劝告(建议)某人做某事

eg:MymotheradvisedmetolistentoBBCnews.

Advise+从句(从句用should+动词原形,should可省略)

eg:SheadvisedmethatI(should)studyhard.

6.bebusywithsth,忙于某事

bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事

三、常用词语和句型

l.fault(性格上)的缺点,毛病,过错

eg:Talkingtoomuchishisgreatestfault.

er「or=mistdke(理解,判断上的)错误,误会

eg:Shehasanerrorinjudgingthatman.

2.tobesurprised被震惊

toone'ssurprise出乎某人意料的事

inone'ssurprise(内部)惊奇

3.startwith/beginwith从.开始

eg:Thepartystartedwithasong.

endwith…以...结尾

eg:Thetripendedwithanunhappyquarrel.

4.drinktosb*shealth为某人的健康干杯

eg:Let'sdrinktoMicky'shealth.

四、日常交际用语

Forgiveme.I'mverysorry.

Oh,thafsallright.

Iapologisefor...

Ohzwell,that'slife.

I'msorry.Ididn'tmeanto...

ItsOK.

Oops.Sorryaboutthat.

Unit7Culturerelics

一、语法

ThePassiveVoice(l)

现在完成时被动语态

现在完成时的被动语态结构是、'have/hasbeen+过去分词〃。如:

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.

Howmanynewshoppingmallshavebeensetuphere?

二、聚焦高频考点

l.include包括;包含。如:

Price$14.90,postageincluded.

价格14.90美元,邮资包括在内。

Hehadincludedalargenumberoffunnystoriesinthespeech.

他在讲话中加进了许多引人发笑的故事。

比较以下两个句子:

Eightpeoplehurtintheaccident,includingthreechildren.

Eightpeoplehurtintheaccident,threechildrenincluded.

2.givein''屈服八投降如:

Theyprefertodiethangivein.

givein''(植物等)枯死,成批死去”

Theplantsgaveintothecoldweather.

withthehelpof在...的帮助下"如:

Withthehelpoftheteacher,thestudentsmadegreatprogresslastterm.

bringback''归还使恢复"如:

Remembertobringbackthebooktomorrow.

Theletterbroughtbackmanymemories.

3.begin=start,其后都可以跟不定式或动名词做宾语。一般情况下,不定式或动名词可以

互换。但以下三种情况只能用不定式:

1)主语是物时

Istarted/begantocry/crying.

Theflowerbegan/starttocomeout.

2)当begin,start本身是进行时态时

Theteacherwasbeginningtogetangry.

3)当非谓语动词是表示心理状态的动词时,如realize,understand,know等。

Finally,shebegantorealizetheimportanceofEnglish.

4.represent代表

Weshouldchoosesomeonetorepresentus.

5.''及物动词+名词+介词”这种短语动词转换为被动语态时有两种形式。一种是短语动词当

作一个及物动词。

eg:Theydidn'tpayanyattentiontohiswords.=Hiswordswerenotpaidany

attentionto.

另一种方式是把短语动词看成''动词+宾语+介词”结构。上句可等于:Noattentionwas

paidtohiswords.

6.1t+be+adj.+that-clause这是主语从句句型。主语从句在句中作主语,可置于主句谓

语动词之前,但常用it作形式主语,而把它移到主句之后。如:

ItisveryimportantthatwestudyEnglishwell.

三、常用词语和句型

l.lie(lay,lain,lying)躺

eg:Jackwasstilllyinginbed.

Lie还表示保持在某种状态或位置

eg:Thosetownslayinruins.

2.keep使某人/物保持某种状态

keepthedooropen

keepthefireburning

keepthechildhappy

keepondoing继续作某事(含强调重复性和决心)

Nomatterwhathappens,justkeepontrying.

Keepdoing不停地,不断地做某事(表示连续不断的动作或持续的状态)

Whydidthebabykeepcrying?

Keepsb./sth.doingsth.使某人/某物继续做某事

Youhavekeptmewaitingsolong!

Keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth.

Sarskeepsmanypeoplefromtraveling.

3.主语+be+saidtobe…据说……

eg:Themanissaidtobeaprofessorbefore.

Itissaidthat…据说……

eg:Itissaidthatthereisgoingtobeastorm.

4.happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto等不及物动词无被动语态

四、日常交际用语

Whatshallweputin?

Lefsputin...

What/Howabout...?

Can'tweputin...?

Maybewecouldputin...

Whynot...?

Shouldweputin...?

I'dliketochoose...

Whydon*tyou...?

I'dliketo...

Whynot...?

Unit8Sports

一、语法

ThePassiveVoice(2)

一般将来时被动语态

被动语态由助动词、'be+过去分词〃构成,其时态则通过be的不同形式体现出来。将来时态

的被动语态由will/shall+be+过去分词构成,表示某事将要被干。一般将来时被动语态的

各种句式:

主语+will/shall+be+过去分词+其它成分

Theflowerwillbewateredtomorrow.

主语+will/shallnot+be+过去分词+其它成分

Theflowerwillnotbewateredtomorrow.

Will/Shall+主语+be+过去分词+其它成分

Willtheflowerbewateredtomorrow?

Whenwilltheflowerbewatered?

二、聚焦高频考点

1.wouldrather和动词原形连用。否定形式为wouldrathernotdosth.如:

Iwouldratherleavenow.

wouldratherdo...thando…表示宁愿做什么而不愿做什么

如:Theywouldratherdiethansurrender.

wouldrather和句子连用。通常动词用过去时,是虚拟语气。在表示以前的动作时,用had

done=如:

I'dratheryouwenthomenow.

I'dratherhehadn'tdonethat.

2.joinin多指参加小规模的活动如''球赛,游戏''等。如:

Comeon,joinintheballgame.

He'sgoingtojoininthetalktonight.

takepartin指参加会议或群众性活动等,着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发

挥作用。如:

We'lltakepartinsocialpracticeduringthesummervacation.

Theyoftentakepartinoutdooractivities.

Part前有形容词修饰时,要用不定冠词。如:

Lincolntookanactivepartinpolitics.

3.standfor代表,特征。如:

WhatdoGREstandfor?

Thedovestandsforpeace.

standfor赞同,支持,拥护。如:

Almosteveryoneintheworldstandforpeace.

standfor容忍。如:

Shecan'tstandforhisrudeness.

4thesameas意为''同...一样〃。如:

Manyofthesportswerethesameastheyarenow.

thesame.・・as意为''与……一样〃,后跟从句。指的是两样东西。如:

Thepenisthesameasyouboughtyesterday.

thesame...that意为''与……一样,后跟从句。指的是同一件东西。如:

That'sthesamepenIlost.

5.prefer...to...喜欢而不喜欢……(to是介词)

eg:Ipreferswimmingtorunning.=Hiswordswerenotpaidanyattentionto.

prefer后可直接加名词,代词,动名词等;preferto后跟动词原形。如:

Whichonedoyoulike,tea,milkorcoffee?

Iprefermilk.

Doyouwanttotakeataxi?

NozIprefertowalk.

Doyoulikeswimming?

Yes,butIpreferplayingrunning

6.every可与表示数量的词连用,表示时间或空间的间隔。如:

EveryfouryearsathletesfromallovertheworldtakepartintheOlympicGames.

Iusuallygotothecinemaeverythreedays(everythirdday).

Every后可接few,但不能接afew,因every-词已包含a之意;every后也不能接some,

several,many等词。every后接序数词时,则修饰单数可数名词。

7.from/in/on/at/about/+which引导定语从句

关系代词which,whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词一般放在关系代词之前,有

时也放在定语从句后面。

ThetrainonwhichIwastravelingwaslate.

Thehouseinwhichtheoldmanlivedwasonfirelastnight.

TheoldOlympicGamesfromwhichthemoderngamescamebeganaroundthe

year776BCinGreece.

8.more...than有两种含义:一是普通的比较级;另一种表示''与其说是……是……而

不是'',指对同一事物的两种属性进行选择。

Sheismorediligentthanwise.与其说她聪明,不如说她勤奋。

三、常用词语和句型

1.prefer...to…喜欢而不喜欢,to是介词

Ipreferswimmingtorunning.

Prefer后可跟名词,代词,动名词

Wouldyouliketotakeataxi?

No,Ipreferwalking.

Preferto后跟动词原形

Iprefertoswim.

Whichonedoyoulike,tea,milkorcoffee?

Iprefermilk.

2.doone'sbesttosth.=tryone'sbesttosth,尽某人最大努力做某事

Asyourbestfriend,Isurelywilltrymybesttohelpyou.

Aslongasyoutryyourbest,you'llsucceed.

3.suchas意为"例如,诸如〃,与forexample相似,但forexample后常接完整的句

子,只举一个例子,而suchas后常接两个或以上的词或词组。

eg:Heknowsseveralforeignlanguages,suchasFrenchandJapanese.

4.meantodosth.:打算作某事

Whatdoyoumeantodowithit?

meandoingsth.:意味着做某事

Thatmeanswastingtime.

5.win后接战争,比赛,奖品等名词作宾语,不能接竞争对手作宾语;而beat后常接竞争

对手,意为''打败,击败〃。

winarace/abattle/aprize/amedal

beattheteam/thecountry

四、日常交际用语

Whichdoyoulike,...or...?

What'syourfavouritesport?

Whichsportsdoyoulikebest?

Whichdoyouprefer,...or...?

Whatabout...?

Areyouinterestedin...?

Sure.Ilovesports.

Yes,verymuch./No,notreally.

Shooting,Ithink.

Ilike...best.

Iprefer...to...

Ilikewatchingit.

I'dratherwatchitthanplayit.

Unit9Technology

一、语法

ThePassiveVoice(3)

现在进行时被动语态

现在进行时被动语态的构成是:be(is,am,are)+beingdone,表示某事现在正在被做或

现阶段进行的被动动作,但不一定发生在说话的这一时刻。如:

Theproblemisbeingdiscussednow.

Sheisbeingquestionedwhereshehasbeeninthepasttwodays.

Thephonesarebeingusedascamerasandradios.

二、聚焦高频考点

l.remind提醒;使记起,常与介词of,about连

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