2023年上海初三中考英语一轮复习讲练第5讲 情态动词含详解

第5讲情态动词

及劭幡裙、

【知识梳理1]must

情态动词

本身有一定的词义

1除ought,usee厢

have外，后面只能

接不带t。的不定式

3没有人称，数的变化个别情态动词过，

式用来表达更加客

气委婉的语气,时

态性不强一/

表肯定推测，意为"一定，must表示主观义务，意

必定"（只用于肯定句中）；为"应该，"必须”

否定推测用canl,意为Ifsrainyoutside.You

"一定不"mustwearyourraincoat

beforeg&ngoutside.

Thelightisdark.Jackmust-MustIfinishmy

leavetheclassroom.homeworktoday,Muo

-Yes,youmust.Nos

needn't.

mustn'tSZF"不准"、

"不允许"、"禁止只有现在时一种形式（在

宾语从句中可以表示过

Youmustn'tbreakthe去）

rules.

Hesaidshemustgowith

me.

【例题精讲】

1.Thehouseisdarkandquiet,sotheBrownshavegonetobed.

A.mustB.shouldC.oughtD.would

2.-MustIbooktheflighttickettoAustraliabyphone?

-No,you.Youcanalsodoitonline.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.can't

D.couldn't

3.Wehavealreadytriedourbest,soweworryaboutthematter.

A.maynotB.couldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't

4.-Mum,willyoubuymethenewiPadaftertheHighSchoolEntranceExamination?

---FmafraidI,dear.Weareshortofmoneynow.

A.can'tB.mustn'tC.shouldn'tD.needn't

5.Itbefantasticifmorestudentsjoininthecharityshowtomorrow.

A.mustB.needC.canD.may

【知识梳理2】haveto

，数及时态的变k

需要借助do『did

s变否定

Hehasdoesn'thavetogo

表示客观要求，意为"不tothehospitalbecauseof

得不；必须"thebadcold.

Nowthere'snobushere,

为"不必"（=needn't）,

sowehadtowalkhome.

可以与情态动词搭配使

用

Wehavenofoodhome,

youhavetogoandget

-MustIfinishmy

some,Tom.

homeworktoday,Mum?

-No,youneedn't/N

youdon'thaveto.

【知识拓展】have用法小

结

表示让、叫某人做某事

表患病

havesb.dosth.

haveaheadache

Shehasherfatherclean

haveabadcold.

①②herroom.

表示‘‘有"示笺a”、“戴使（让，请，叫）

Ihaveacar.haveonsth.别人作某事，动作

=havesth.on是别人做

=tobewearinghavesth.done

Hehasabeautifulwatchon.Ihavemyhaircut

实意动词

助动词

1.1haven'tgotenoughmoneytobuyaticket,soIgohomeonfoot.

A.mustB.havetoC.oughttoD.may

2.Hisarmisallright.Hegoandseethedoctor.

A.hasnottoB.don'thavetoC.haven'ttoD.doesn'thaveto

3.-Mustwefinishgivingouttheposterstoday?

—Yes,we.Itcan'tbeputoffanylonger.

A.canB.mayC.mustD.haveto

4.Whentrafficlightsarered,westopandwait.

A.mayB.canC.must

D.might.

【知识梳理3】would

【例题精讲】

1.JennysaidsheherholidayinChina.

A.spentB.wouldspentC.wasgoingtospentD.wouldspend

2.Excuseme,youpleasepassmethatcup?

A.doB.shouldC.wouldD.must

3.Whenhewasthere,hegotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.

A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might

4.■一Theplaneisleavingrightnow,butJimhasn'tarrivedyet.

一Well,hesaidhehereontime.

A.cameB.wouldcomeC.canbeD.willbe

5.LiMingsaidhehappyifBriantoChinanextmonth.

A.as;comeB.was;wouldcomeC.wouldbe;cameD.willbe;come

知识梳理may

I

ILA▲上■

维JL

,w234口

表示请求允许表示给予允许意为"可能"意为”祝…，

-MayItakeYoumaytake表示推测:愿…"用以表

thisbookout?mydictionaryHemaybein示愿望和希望，

-Yes.youcan.aslongasyouhisofficenow.常置于句首：

-No.youcan't.don'tkeepitMayyoube

toolong.safeandh叩py.

【考点拓展】might的用法

♦表示请求允许，语气较委婉（但并不表示过去）;

1)---Might(may)Itakethisbookout?”

—“Yes,youmay."（由于答语是表示给予允许，可用may,但不能用might）

2)Youmaytakemydictionaryaslongasyoudon'tkeepittoolong.(不用might)

♦表示推测时，might并非表示过去，比may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小，有时可用于疑问句

的句首。

1)Youmightbeabletopersuadehim.你也许能说服他。

2)Mightitraintonight?今晚会下雨吗？

【例题精讲】

1.youbehappy!

A.mayB.canC.mustD.would

2.—CouldIuseyourbike?

---Yes,surelyyou.

A.mightB.willC.canD.should

3.Tommy,youplaywiththeknife,yougethurt.

A.won't;can'tB.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;mustD.can't;shouldn't

4.Whenhewasthere,hegotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.

A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.Might

5.・・・Jackbeherenow?

---Hebehere,butI'mnottoosure.

A.Can;mayB.Must;needn'tC.May;mustn'tD.Can;can't

【知识梳理5】can

-Fmthirsty.CanyouOurmathteacheris

givemeabotdeofshort,butthemanis

water?tall.Hecan'tbeour

-Yes,Ican.!No,Imathteacher.

can't.

表对现在或将来

表现在的能力，意为3.can't

1.2.表现在的请求，允许的否定推测,意为“不

月匕,K可靛”

【考点拓展】

could的用法

A.canheB.can'theC.couldheD.couldn'the

4.Hecanhardlywaittohearthegoodnews,?

A.can'theB.canheC.doesheD.doesn't

5.-CanIkeepthismagazinefortwomoredays?

-Yes,you

A.mustB.mayC.oughttoD.need

6.A:Listen!IsProfessorJohnsongivingareportinthehall?

B:No,itbehim.HehasgonetoJapan.

A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.can'tD.maynot

【知识梳理6】should

♦表示“应该，应当”,否定结构shouldnot=shouldiVt

Heshouldworkharder.他应该更加努力。

Crimeshouldbepunished.犯罪应受惩罚。

Theyshouldsharetheumbrellatogether.他们应该共用雨伞。

【考点拓展】should与oughtto

Youshouldn'tYououghtnottodoit.

runalongside

theswimming—Oughthetostart?

pool.一Yes.heought(to).

YoushouldgotobedHesuggested

atonce.thatIshould

Childrenoughttogothere.

cleantheirbedroom

bythemselves.

【例题精讲】

1.Schoolsallowstudentsatleastonehouradayforsports.

A.wouldB.mightC.oughttoD.could

2._________wegooutforawalk?-That'sagoodidea.

A.MayB.MustC.CanD.Shall

3.He______eatsogreedily.A.shouldn'ttoB.oughttonotC.oughtnotD.

oughtn'tto

4.—______I______gotherealone?

—Yes,youought.

A.Do,,,oughtB.Will…oughtC.Ought...toD.Ought,,*/

5.You______decidenow.Youcantellmeyourdecisionlater.

A.don'thavetoB.mustn'tC.cannotD.shouldn't

6.Everyone________keepthenewtrafficlawandlearnhowtoprotecthimself.

A.needB.canC.mayD.should

7.Let'splaytabletennis,?

A.willweB.shallweC.Shan'tweD.willyou.

【知识梳理7]need

【例题精讲】

1.—MayIgooutforawhile,Mom?

一No,you.Youhavetofinishyourhomeworkfirst.

A.Shouldn'tB.needn'tC.mustn'tD.won't

2.一ShallItakemyswimmingsuit?

—No,you.Wewilljustgohikinginthemountain.

A.mustn'tB.couldn'tC.needn'tD.can't

3.一MustIstayathomethesedays?

No,you.Youcangoanywhere.

A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.can'tD.don't

4.Sinceyouareverytired,youfinishtheworktoday.Youshouldgohomeearlier.

A.needn'tB.maynotC.mustn'tD.can't5.Mum,todayis

Friday.MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?

-No,you..Youmayhavearestfirstandfinishittomorrow.

A.mustn'tB.can'tC.maynotD.needn't

6.Simon,youdoyourhomeworktoday.Leaveitfortomorrow.

A.needn'ttoB.notneedtoC.don'tneedD.don'tneedto

锦堂检侧一、单项选择

1.ThisbookbeLinda's.Look!Joe'snameisonit.

A.can'tB.shouldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't

2.Ifinishmyhomeworknow?

—No,youneedn't.

A.CanB.MayC.MustD.Could

3.youlendmeyourdictionary,Laura?

—Sorry,Ican't.IhavejustlentittoEric.

A.CouldB.ShouldC.MustD.Need

4.Lucyplaytheviolinverywellandshehaswonmanyprizes.

A.canB.mayC.needD.might

5.Itiscloudy.Theradiosaysitsnow.

A.mustB.mightC.needD.should

6.I'msorryIgonow.MyEnglishlessonwillstartinfiveminutes.

A.mayB.mustC.canD.could

7.Lookatthesign.Youtakephotosinthismuseum.

A.wouldn'tB.needn'tC.mustn'tD.couldn't

8.—Mom,Idon'tcarewhatmyclassmatesthinkaboutme.Ijustwanttobemyself.

—Well,Ithinkyou,becausesomeopinionsareworthweighing.

A.canB.mightC.shouldD.could

9.Insomecitiestheairisheavilypollutedbecauseoftraffic.We________workhardertoprotectour

world.A.mayB.canC.mightD.should

10.一Nick,________youliketojoinustothemuseum?

—Whynot?Let'sgo.

A.canB.couldC.wouldD.must

11.—MustIwritethereportbyhand,Mrs.Taylor?

—No,you________.Youcanwriteitonthecomputer.

A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.can*tD.shouldn't

12.Ifyou______speakEnglishinfrontofpeople,youwon'timproveyourEnglish.

A.don'tdareB.daresnottoC.darenotD.don'tdarenotto

13.You________takeyourumbrella.Fmsureitwon'train.

A.mustn'tB.shouldn'tC.don'thavetoD.can't

14.You'dbetter________toomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.

A.notspendB.nottospendC.notspentD.notspending

15.一Sophie,________Ijoinyouinthecommunityservice?

—Ofcourseyoucan.

A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can

16.—Whatwouldyoubuyforyoursisterasthebirthdaygift?

—Ibuyheradoll,butIhaven'tdecidedyet.

A.mayB.mustC.willD.need

17.Mike,youplaywiththatknife.Youhurtyourself.

A.shouldn't;needB.can't;should

C.needn't;mustD.mustn't;may

18.—Mustwefinishourreadingtasksnow?

一No,you.Youfinishitafterschool.

A.needn?t;mayB.mustn't;mayC.can't;canD.needn't;must

19.—Ican'tfindmyeraser.Iborrowyours?

一Sure.Hereyouare.

A.CouldB.NeedC.MustD.Would

20.一Howwasyourholidayinthelakedistrict?

—Itbeworse!Idon'tevenwanttotalkaboutit!

A.couldn'tB.shouldn'tC.needn'tD.mustn't21.Billhasbeendrivingallday.Hebetired.

A.needB.mustC.shallD.can

22.—ChineserunningstarSuBingtianrunssofast!Ibelievemyeyes.

—Yes,weareallproudofhim.

A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't

23.—CanIparkmycarhere?

-No,you.Lookatthesign.Itsays“Noparking”.

A.won'tB.wouldn'tC.needn'tD.mustn't

24.—Lucy,couldyougivemesomesuggestionsonreading?

——OK.Myfirstsuggestionisthatyouhaveagoodreadinghabit.

A.willB.canC.mightD.should

25.yougetmesomepaper,please?

A.ShallB.MayC.NeedD.Will

26.—Hey,boys!Doyouknowwhomtherunningshoesbelongto?

——Hello,Mr.Clark.TheybeJessica's.Sheoftenwearssuchshoesinourclass.

A.mustB.can'tC.wouldD.needn't

27.Yourequiretheotherclassmatestosolvetheproblemlikeyou.Everyonehashisownway.

A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.maynotD.wouldn't

28.Theboyisverybrave.Ihethetalltree.

A.daresay;darestoclimb

B.daretosay;dareclimbing

C.daresaying;daresclimb

D.daretosay;daresclimbed

29.ChinesegovernmenthaspromisedthatChinaneverbethefirstcountrytosolveinternational

problemsbyforce.

A.canB.shallC.willD.must

30.—IthoughtyoutoldAmywhatwouldhappenifshedidn'tfollowtherules.

—Idid.ButshejustlistentomenomatterwhatItoldher.

A.mustn'tB.shouldn'tC.couldn'tD.wouldn't

第6讲情态动词

互劭幡褂

【知识梳理1]must

教学建议：

由于此部分是复习课，建议老师采取以教代学的方式让学生各自负责一个知识点进行讲解，其他学生进行

提问。老师在过程中进行补充和总结。

情态动词

本身有一定的词义

1!<.■除ought,

Ahave外，后面只能|

=接不带t。的不定式

3没有人称，数的变化个别情态动词过・

式用来表达更加客

气委婉的语气,时

不强

表肯定推测，意为"一定，must表示主观义务，意

必定"（只用于肯定句中）；为"应该，"必须”

否定推测用canl,意为Ifsrainyoutside.You

"一定不"mustwearyourraincoat

beforeg&ngoutside.

Thelightisdark.Jackmust-MustIfinishmy

leavetheclassroom.homeworktoday,Mum?|

-Yes,youmust.Nosyou1

needn't.

mustn'tSZF"不准"、

"不允许"、"禁止只有现在时一种形式（在

宾语从句中可以表示过

Youmustn'tbreakthe去）

rules.

Hesaidshemustgowith

me.

【例题精讲】

1.Thehouseisdarkandquiet,sotheBrownshavegonetobed.

B.mustB.shouldC.oughtD.would

2.-MustIbooktheHighttickettoAustraliabyphone?-No,you.Youcanalsodoitonline.

A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.can'tD.couldn't

3.Wehavealreadytriedourbest,soweworryaboutthematter.

A.maynotB.couldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't

4.--Mum,willyoubuymethenewiPadaftertheHighSchoolEntranceExamination?

・—I'mafraidI,dear.Weareshortofmoneynow.

A.can'tB.mustn'tC.shouldn'tD.needn't

5.Itbefantasticifmorestudentsjoininthecharityshowtomorrow.

A.mustB.needC.canD.may

KEYS:ABDAA

【知识梳理2】haveto

有人称，数及时态的变

化，需要借助do/did/

does变否定

Hehasdoesn'thavetogo

表示客观要求，意为"不tothehospitalbecauseof

得不；必须"thebadcold.

XE式don'thaveto目

Nowthere'snobushere,

"不必"(=needn't),

sowehadtowalkhome.

可以与情态动词搭配使

用

Wehavenofoodhome,

youhavetogoandget

-MustIfinishmv

some,Tom.

homeworktoday,Mum?

-No,youneedni.No

youdon'thaveto

易错点：改写句子：一般疑

问句，否定句，反意疑问句，都需要借助助动词do(not),does(not),did(not)o

【知识拓展】have用法小结

圭串病表示让、叫某人做某事

意誉headache此

,Shehasherfatherclean

htaveatbadcold

fherroom.

表示“有”示“穿看’、“戴使(让，请，叫)

Ihaveacar.haveonsth.别人作某事，动作

=havestfi.on是别人做

=tobewearinghavesth.done

Hehasabeautifulwatchon.Ihavemyhaircut

实意动词

助动词

1.1haven'tgotenoughmoneytobuyaticket,soIgohomeonfoot.

A.mustB.havetoC.oughttoD.may

2.Hisarmisallright.Hegoandseethedoctor.

A.hasnottoB.don'thavetoC.haven'ttoD.doesn'thaveto

3.-Mustwefinishgivingouttheposterstoday?

—Yes,we.Itcan'tbeputoffanylonger.

A.canB.mayC.mustD.haveto

4.Whentrafficlightsarered,westopandwait.

A.mayB.canC.must

D.might.KEYS:BDCC

【知识梳理3】would

【例题精讲】

1.JennysaidsheherholidayinChina.

A.spentB.wouldspentC.wasgoingtospentD.wouldspend

2.Excuseme,youpleasepassmethatcup?

A.doB.shouldC.wouldD.must

3.Whenhewasthere,hegotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.

A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might

4.■一Theplaneisleavingrightnow,butJimhasn'tarrivedyet.

一Well,hesaidhehereontime.

A.cameB.wouldcomeC.canbeD.willbe

5.LiMingsaidhehappyifBriantoChinanextmonth.

A.as;comeB.was;wouldcomeC.wouldbe;cameD.willbe;come

Keys:DCABC

【知识梳理may

13B4

表示请求允许表示给予允许意为"可能"，意为"祝…，

-MayItakeYoumaytake表示推测：愿…"用以表

thisbookout?mydictionaryHemaybein示愿望和希望

-Yes：youcan.aslongasyouhisofficenow.常置于句首：

-No,youcan't.don'tkeepitMayyoube

/mustn't.toolong.safeandhappy.

【考点拓展】might的用法

♦表示请求允许，语气较委婉(但并不表示过去);

1)---Might(may)Itakethisbookout?”

―“Yes,youmay."(由于答语是表示给予允许，可用may,但不能用might)

2)Youmaytakemydictionaryaslongasyoudon'tkeepittoolong.(不用might)

♦表示推测时，might并非表示过去，比may语气更不确定，表示的可能性更小，有时可用于疑问句

的句首。

1)Youmightbeabletopersuadehim.你也许能说服他。

2)Mightitraintonight?今晚会下雨吗？

【例题精讲】

1.youbehappy!

A.mayB.canC.mustD.would

3.一CouldIuseyourbike?

■--Yes,surelyyou.

A.mightB.willC.canD.should

3.Tommy,youplaywiththeknife,yougethurt.

A.won't;can'tB.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;mustD.can't;shouldn't

4.Whenhewasthere,hegotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.

A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.Might

5.一Jackbeherenow?

-Hebehere,butI'mnottoosure.

A.Can;mayB.Must;needn'tC.May;mustn'tD.Can;can't

KEYS:ACBAA

【知识梳理5】can

-Fmthirsty.Canyou

givemeabotdeof

water?

-Yes,Ican./No/

can7t.

3.can，t表对现在或珞来

2.表现在的请求，允许的否定推测，意为“不

可能“

【考点拓展】

could的用法

could

表委婉客气地提出请求，不表过去时态，回答一…can't

【例题；-Could_---------

注意：情态动词表推测时，语气由强至弱:

1.Millie肯定句：must>could>may>might

A.must.否定句：can't/couldn't>maynot>mightnot

2.A:IsLucyknocking■

A.necdrB.mustn'tC.can'tD.maynot

3.Theo]dmancouldhardlyreadorwrite,?

A.canheB.can'theC.couldheD.couldn'the

4.Hecanhardlywaittohearthegoodnews,?

A.can'theB.canheC.doesheD.doesn't

5.-CanIkeepthismagazinefortwomoredays?

—Yes,you

A.mustB.mayC.oughttoD.need

6.A:Listen!IsProfessorJohnsongivingareportinthehall?

B:No,itbehim.HehasgonetoJapan.

A.needn'tB.mustn'tC.can'tD.maynot

KEYS:CCABBC

【知识梳理6】should

♦表示“应该，应当“，否定结构shouldnot=shouldn"

Heshouldworkharder.他应该更加努力。

Crimeshouldbepunished.犯罪应受惩罚。

Theyshouldsharetheumbrellatogether.他们应该共用雨伞。

【考点拓展】should与oughtto

Youshouldn'tYououghtnottodoit.

runalongside

theswimming—Ou^ithetostart?

pool.—Yes.heought(to).

YoushouldgotobedHesuggested

atonce.thatIshould

Childrenoughtto