学士学位英语精讲1-单词语法

时态复习般现在时

1、形式:主语+动词原形/am/are+其他

Ioftengetupearlyinthemorning.我通常早晨起床很早

主语（第三人称单数）+动词（s）+其他

Heoftengetsupearlyinthemorning.他通常早晨起床很早

时态复习般现在时

【动词第三人称单数变化规则】

①一般情况+s：play一plays

②以s、x、ch、sh和o结尾+es：go-goes

③以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i+es：study-studies

④特殊情况不规则：have—has

Learnwatchkissdotrycarry

Learnswatcheskissesdoestriescarries

时态复习般现在时

2、用法：

①现在经常、反复发生的动作或行为。

Heoftengetsuplate.

句子中出现always、usually、often>sometimes>never>everyweek(day,

year,month--•),onceaweek,onSundays常用一般现在时

WeusuallylearnEnglishtheseweeks.

时态复习一般现在时

2、用法：

②表示现在的状态。

Iamateacher.我是一名老师

Wearehappytogether.我们在——起很开心

时态复习般现在时

2、用法：

③表示永恒（客观真理、名言警句）。

Theearthisround.地球是圆的

Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转

Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧

时态复习般现在时

3、变否定、疑问句:

Heishappy.YoulikeEnglish.HelikesEnglish.

Heisnothappy.YoudonotlikeEnglish.HedoesnotlikeEnglish.

Ishehappy?DoyoulikeEnglish?DoeshelikeEnglish?

Howishe?Whatdoyoulike?Whatdoeshelike?

时态复习般现在时

5、否定形式：①am/is/are+not②don't/doesn't+动词原形

e.g.Iamtwenty.Iamnottwenty.

Ifinishmyhomework.Idon'tfinishmyhomework.

HelikesEnglish.Hedoesn'tlikeEnglish.

6、疑问形式：①is/am/are放句首②do/does放句首，动词变原形

e.g.Iamtwentyyearsold.Areyoutwentyyearsold?

Ifinishmyhomework?Doyoufinishyourhomework?

ShelikesEnglish?DoesshelikeEnglish?

时态复习——一般现在时

workworkswatchwatchescrycries

readreadsdodoescatchcatches

cleancleanshavehasmeetmeets

writewritesareisthinkthinks

teachteachesgivegiveswinwins

washwashesstudystudiesplayplays

guessguessesflyflies

时态复习——一般现在时

.We-(go)toschoolateightevery

day.

2«Mymotherusually___(get)upearlyinthe

morning.

3.Theboyis(be)shortandthin.Hisnameis(be)Jack.HehaS^have)

twobigeyes.

4.Myparentsf(love)mevery

much.

5.TheEarthis(be)round.Itmns(run)aroundthesun.

时态复习般过去时

1、用法：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;

完全发生在过去，与现在无关

过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

Shehadaboyfriend.

2、形式：①be(was,were)动词Tomwasastudent.

Shewasoutgoinginthepast.

Theywerestudentstwoyearsago.

②动词(V-ed------动词过去式)

ShewantedtogotoShanghaiyesterday.

时态复习般过去时

3、句式变化:

否定：(l)was/werenot②didn't+do(动词原形)

疑问：①was/were提前置句首②did置句首

Shewasoutgoinginthepast.——Shewasnotoutgoinginthepast.

----Wassheoutgoinginthepast?

ShewantedtogotoShanghaiyesterday.——ShedidnotwanttogotoShanghaiyesterday.

——DidshewanttogotoShanghaiyesterday?

时态复习般过去时

4、常用搭酉己：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month...),in

1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago

e.g.Iwasaboythreeyearsago.

Shewenttotheparkwithhermotherlastweek.

Isawhersmilingatmejustnow.

时态复习般过去时

5、动词过去式规则变化

①+ed：want-wanted,work-worked

②以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加d。如：like-----liked,live—lived

③以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字

母,再加-ed。如：stop一stopped

④以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i,再加-ed。如：study—studied

时态复习般过去时

].TomandMaryvame(come)toChinalast

month.

didn'tgogot

2.Mike(notgo)tobeduntil12o'clocklastnight,soI

(get)uplate.

read

3.Mary(read)Englishyesterdaymorning.

was

4.There(be)noonehereamomentago.

5I-HCQ](call)Mikethis

morning.

时态复习——一般过去时

began

6.Tom(begin)tolearnChineselastyear.

picked

7.Lastweek,we(pick)manyapplesonthefarm.

8，Mymother__L___出出时)S4碗&顿t±#y.

.Shewatchestveveryevening,butshent_(not

9watch)TVlastnight.

10.yourfather(go)toworkeverydaylastyear?

11.一Whattimeyou(get)toBeijingyesterday?

-We__r___~_^__T____(get)toBeijingat9:00inthe

evening.

01阅读理解——2018第三篇

WhenJackDavis,9,looksupatthenightsky,hedoesn51seejustthestars.Heseeshis

future.ThefourthgraderfromNewJerseyhasadeepinterestinouterspaceandthealien（夕卜

星的）beingshethinksmightlivethere.

26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJackDavis?

A.MatureC.Talented.

B.Curious.D.Honest

01阅读理解——2018第三篇

WhenJackDavis,9,looksupatthenightsky,hedoesn'tseejustthestars.Heseeshis

年级兴趣外太空

future.ThefourthgraderfromNewJerseyhasadeepinterestinouterspaceandthealien（夕卜

星的）beingshethinksmightlivethere.

01阅读理解——2018第三篇

当9岁的杰克・戴维斯抬头仰望夜空时，他看到的不仅仅是星星，他还看到了自己的未

来。这个来自新泽西的四年级学生对外太空和他认为可能居住在那里的外星人有着浓

厚的兴趣。

InJuly,JackheardthatNASAwaslookingfbranewplanetaryprotectionofficeranddecidedhewasthe

rightpersonforthejob.Theposition,whichfocusesonpreventingastronautsfromaccidentallybringing

extremelysmall,potentiallydangerousalienlife-formsbacktoEarthandensuringthatastronautsdonot

takeEarth-basedgermswiththemintospace,paysfrom$124,406to$187,000peryear.

27.Whatisthejobresponsibilityoftheplanetaryprotectionofficer?

A.Toensurethementalandphysicalhealthoftheastronauts

B.ToprotectEarthfrompossiblealienattacksinthefuture

C.TokeepharmfulsubstancesformspreadingbetweenEarthandouterspace.

D.TostudytheunknownsubstancesastronautsbroughtbacktoEarth

01阅读理解——2018第三篇

寻找行星的

InJuly,JackheardthatNASAwaslookingforanewplanetaryprotectionofficerand

聚隹

decidedhewastherightpersonforthejob.Theposition,whichfocusesonpreventing

宇航员偶然地极其地潜在地

astronautsfromaccidentallybringingextremelysmall,potentiallydangerousalienlife-forms

确保微生物

backtoEarthandensuringthatastronautsdonottakeEarth-basedgermswiththeminto

space,paysfrom$124,406to$187,000peryear.

01阅读理解——2018第三篇

今年7月，杰克听说美国宇航局正在寻找一名新的行星保护管，他认为自己就是这项

工作的合适人选。这个职位主要是防止宇航员意外地将极其微小的、具有潜在危险的

外星生命体带回地球，并确保宇航员不会将地球上的细菌带进太空，每年的薪水为

124406美元到187000美元。

01阅读理解——2018第三篇

JackwrotealettertoNASA,notinghisqualificationsforthejob.atMysistersaysIaman

alien,Jackwrote,pointingoutthatsinceheisyoung,hecan"learntothinklikeanalien.”

Hesignedtheletter“JackDavis,GuardianoftheGalaxy.^^.

28.Inthisletter,Jackexplainsthathisstrengthliesinhis

A.personalityC.hobby

B.appearanceD.age

01阅读理解——2018第三篇

注明资格

JackwrotealettertoNASA,notinghisqualificationsforthejob.“MysistersaysIaman

指出

alienJJackwrote,pointingoutthatsinceheisyoung,hecan“learntothinklikeanalien.”

守卫者银河系

Hesignedtheletter"'JackDavis,GuardianoftheGalaxy.^^.

01阅读理解——2018第三篇

杰克给美国宇航局写了一封信，提到他可以胜任这份工作的条件。“我姐姐说我是外

星人，”杰克写道，他指出，因为他还年轻，他可以“学会像外星人一样思考”。他

在信上署名“杰克・戴维斯，银河系的守护者。”

01阅读理解——2018第三篇

Withindays,JackreceivedapersonalletterfromNASA'splanetarysciencedirector,James

L.Green."Wearealwayslookingforbrightfuturescientistsandengineerstohelpus,“

Greenwrote.^^Ihopeyouwillstudyhardanddowellinschool.Wehopetoseeyouhereat

NASAoneofthesedays!”.

29.Inhisresponsetotheboy,JamesGreen.

A.encouragesJacktobeafutureNASAscientistc.tellsJackNASA'srequirementsforscientists

B.invitesjacktovisitNASAassoonaspossibleD.offerstoprovidetrainingfbrJackatNASA

01阅读理解——2018第三篇

Withindays,JackreceivedapersonalletterfromNASA'splanetarysciencedirector,James

L.Green."Wearealwayslookingforbrightfuturescientistsandengineerstohelpus,“

Greenwrote.^^Ihopeyouwillstudyhardanddowellinschool.Wehopetoseeyouhereat

NASAoneofthesedays!”.

01阅读理解——2018第三篇

几天之后，杰克收到了一封来自美国宇航局行星科学主任詹姆斯・格林的私人信件。

“我们一直在寻找聪明的未来科学家和工程师来帮助我们，”格林写道。“我希望你

能努力学习，在学校表现出色。我们希望有朝一日能在美国宇航局见到你。”

01阅读理解——2018第三篇

Jacksaidhewas“shocked“whenGreen'sresponsearrived.4CIshouted,IgotaletterfromNASA!”

Greensayshelovestoanswerlettersfromchildren.Hecallshisresponsea“gravityassist.”

Spacecraftusegravityassistancefromobjectslikeplanetsandmoonstohelppowerthecraft

towardanothercelestial（天上的）body.Greenhopesareplycaninfluenceaperson飞pathinlifein

asimilarway.

30.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorintendsto.

A.supportGreenforusinggravityassistinprojects.C.guideyoungpeoplebygivingthemagravityassist

B.introducetheconceptofgravityassistD.explainhowGreen'sletterservesasagravityassist

01阅读理解——2018第三篇

Jacksaidhewas“shocked“whenGreen'sresponsearrived.t4Ishouted,Igotaletterfrom

NASA!”Greensayshelovestoanswerlettersfromchildren.Hecallshisresponsea

重力辅助物品

“gravityassist."Spacecraftusegravityassistancefromobjectslikeplanetsandmoonsto

helppowerthecrafttowardanothercelestial（天上的）body.Greenhopesareplycan

道路

influenceaperson'spathinlifeinasimilarway..

01阅读理解——2018第三篇

杰克说，当他收到格林的回信时，他感到很“震惊”。“我喊道，我收到一封来自美

国宇航局的信！”格林说他喜欢回复孩子们的来信，他吧他的反应成为“重力辅助”。

航天器用来自行星与卫星等物体的重力，向飞船提供动力帮助飞船飞向另一天体。格

林希望他的回复能以同样的方式影响一个人的人生道路。

|02时态讲解——现在进行时

时态过去现在将来

一般昨天，我爱你今天，我爱你明天，我爱你

进行昨天这时，我在想你现在，我正在想你明天这时，我还在爱你

3粒伸捌现物某生个0捌1翎铜竹0捌

02时态讲解——现在进行时

1、形式：am/is/are+doing

2、用法：

①表示现在正在进行的事情

WearestudyingEnglishnow.

Listen!Thegirlsaresinging.

②表示确定要发生的将来

Iamcomingtoseeyou.

Theoldmanisdying.

02时态讲解——现在进行时

3、动词+ing规律

①一般情况下直接+ing；如：playing；

②以不发音e结尾（辅音字母+e结尾的）单词，去掉e+ing；如：make-making

以元音+e结尾的单词,+ing；如：see-seeing；

③以字母ie结尾的单词，改ie为y,+ing如：lie-lying,tie-tying,die-dying；

④以辅音、元音、辅音字母结尾的单词，双写最后一个字母+ingnm・running；

⑤如果结尾是元音字母加辅音字母组合，就直接加-ing。如:drawing,playing。

02时态讲解——现在进行时

4、否定形式：am/is/are+not;

5、疑问形式：am/is/are提前

e.g.1.1amreadingausefulbook.Iamnotreadingausefulbook.

2.Now,sheisdrawingapicture.Now,sheisnotdrawingapicture.

Areyoureadingausefulbook.

Now,isshedrawingapicture.

02时态讲解——现在进行时

练习:

①Theboy

为Listen,somegirls___________________(sing)

©intheclassroom.(drawYapicture

now.

③Theyarenotwatering(notwater)theflowersnow.

02时态讲解——过去进行时

一、形式：was/were+doing

二、用法：过去特定时间正在干的事情

例如：Shewasreadingabookat11:00lastnight.

Iwasstudyingat5:00intheafternoonyesterday.

三、句型变化

1.否定：was/were+not

2.疑问：was/were提前句首

|02时态讲解——过去进行时

1-1

2____

”(have)mybreakfastathalfpastsixyesterdaymorning.

、、人〔「•，一•一

.M4aryw-as&0cing°(,go)overherlessonsfromsixtosevenlastnight.

Johnan

weredpingwerewatching

3.What出(do)atthattime?We(watch)TV.

Peterb(do)thesamething.

4.TheyvvVIeuutm_(notmake)amodelship

whenIsawhim.

Wasrainingwas

5.it(rain)whenyouleftschool?Yes,itwas[(No,』wasn't|)

02时态讲解——过去进行时

四、补充

一件事情持续进行，另一件事出现把它打断（当•…的时候，怎么样了）

①While从句+进行时，主句+一般时/进行时

②When从句+一般时/进行时，主句+进行时

Whileyouweresleeping,athiefsneaked.

Iwascookingyesterday,whenmyfriendcalledme.

WhileIwasstudyingEnglishyesterday,afriendknockedatthedoor.

|02时态讲解——过去进行时

.,&1,,•人，八werereadingwasplaying.、L

1.TItwasquitelateatnight.George(lead)andAmym(zplay)her

computerwhenthey吗(hear)aknockatthe

door.--------------------

didn'twantwereallworking

2.SheI—」(notwant)tostayinbedwhiletheothers(all,

work)inthefieldsyesterday.

3-Whenthebelh*ang,jenny_______

FL§_(wait)inherseat.

时态讲解——现在完成时

1、形式：have/has+done

2、用法：完成？

①现在全部完成

现在的以前

②现在部分完成

3、例子

①Hehasleft.他已经走了现在全部完成

②我们现在学习英语十年了

现在部分完成

WehavelearnedEnglishfortenyear.

时态讲解——现在完成时

4.1、否定式：

主语+havenot/hasnot+动词的过去分词+宾语

①Hehasleft.

Hehasnotleft.

4.2、疑问句：

Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语（或者其他）？

①Hehasleft.

Hasheleft.

时态讲解——现在完成时

3、时间状语：recently,lately,since（后跟一般过去时），for+一段时间,

over/inthepastfewyears,already,yet,sofar,

e.g.l.TheyhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears.

2.1havewatchedthismovie.

3.Hasitstoppedrainingyet?

时态讲解——现在完成时

Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommybrother,Tim.

现在完成时

have/has+

+done

already已经

ever曾经

never从不

时态讲解——现在完成时

1.Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybetheywhafshappenedtohim.

A.knew

B.haveknown

C.mustknow

D.willknowB

时态讲解——现在完成时

2.—Ourcountryalotsofar.

一Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven.

A.haschanged;well（adj身体健康/adv.好）

B.changed;good

C.haschanged;betterc

D.changed;better.

时态讲解——现在完成时

3.Thefamouswriteronenewbookinthepasttwoyears.

A.iswriting

B.waswriting

C.wrote

D.haswritten

时态讲解——现在完成时

4.WeXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.

A.know

B.hadknown

C.haveknown

D.knew.c

时态讲解——现在完成时

5.—youyourhomeworkyet?

一Yes.Iitamomentago.

A.Did;do;finished

B.Have;done;finished

C.Have;done;havefinished

D.will;do;finish.

|02时态讲解——过去完成时

、形式：had+done

二、用法：过去的之前

例如：Before8:00yesterday,she______(finish)

homework.

Whenhegotthere,she"2Z___(leave).Shewasnot

there.

E、巡变鱼+not

2.疑问：had提前句首

|02时态讲解——过去完成时

四、补充

i.过去完成时与现在完成时区别

过去的之前现在的之前

Itis10:00.1「匕e_•1二(wait)for2

hours.-11

nadwAIted

Itwas10:00.1_____(wait)for

2hours

02时态讲解——过去完成时

四、补充

2.过去完成时与一般过去时区别

一前一后发生的事

Theplanewaslate.......

Afewhoursearlier,someonehadtoldthepolice.

他打开书包、他走进教室

03时态真题201747

myexperimentreportallthemorningandhaven'tfinishedyet.

A.write

B.waswriting

C.haswritten

D.havebeenwriting

03时态真题201646

Scientistsestimatethatabout530,000otherobjects,toosmalltodetectwithradar,

theEarthtoo.

A.beingcircled

B.arecircling

C.aretobecircling

D.arebeingcircled

03时态真题201636

ExperimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjectsinboththeUnitedStatesand

Europewellbefore1990.

A.hadbeenconducting

B.wereconducting

C.hadbeenconductedc

D.areconducted

03时态真题201671

Ineedthejobbadly,asmymoneyoutbytheendodthenextmonth.

A.hasrun

B.willrun

C.willhaverun

D.willberunning