2023-2024学年牛津译林版选择性必修第一册Unit 4 Exploring poetry Extended reading 学案

B4U4Extendedreading学案重点词汇诠释1.darevi.&vt.敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)①dare用作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，主要用于疑问句、否定句、条件句或whether引导的从句。❶Dareyoutellherthetruth？你敢告诉她真相吗？❷—Dareyoucatchthemouse？你敢抓那只老鼠吗？—Idaren'tdothat.我不敢抓。❸Howdareshedothethinglikethattome？她怎么敢对我做那种事？❹Idaren'taskherforarise.我不敢要求她加薪。❺Ifyoudaresaythattoourteacher,Iwouldvoteforyou.如果你敢向我们的老师说那件事，我就投你一票。②dare用作实义动词时，其后的动词不定式可带to也可不带to，且dare有人称和数以及时态的变化。❻Idare(to)jumpdownfromthetopofthewall.我敢从那个墙头上跳下来。❼Shedoesn'tdare(to)meetherteacher'seyes.她不敢与老师对视。❽Iwonderhowhedares(to)saysuchthings.我纳闷他怎么敢说出这样的话来。❾Didhedare(to)tellher？他敢告诉她吗？⑩Wedon'tdare(to)sayanything.我们什么也不敢说。⑪I'veneverdared(to)askher.我从来不敢问她。③dare的过去式问题dare用作情态动词时可以有过去式dared，也可以直接用dare表示过去式。⑫Thatwaswhyhedare(d)doso.那就是他敢这样做的原因。⑬Motherdare(d)nottellFathershe'dgivenawayhisoldjacket.母亲不敢告诉父亲她把他的旧上衣送人了。单句语法填空①Idarenot____________(look)myfatherintheeyewhenheisangry.②Afraidofbeingbeatenbymyfather，Idarednot____________(go)backhomeafterschool.③Dareyou____________(enter)thedarkhouseatnight?④Hedidn'tdare____________(tell)herwhathadhappenedincaseshefeltsad.2．strikingadj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的(1)astrikingfeature 显著的特征Itisstrikingthat... 显然……(2)strikevt.&vi. (struck,struck)(灾难或疾病)侵袭，爆发；敲(钟)；划(火柴)vt. 打，击；撞，碰；突然想到；给某人以某种印象bestruckby 被……撞击/打动strikesb.intheface/onthehead打某人的脸/头Itstrikessb.that... 某人突然想到……(＝Ithit/occurredtosb.that...)(3)strikethehour 整点报时strikeamatch 划火柴earthquake-strickenareas地震灾区poverty-strickenfamilies贫困家庭❶TheseeffectsoftheInternethavebecomeevenmorestrikingsinceI'vebegunusingasmartphone.自从我开始使用智能手机以来，互联网的这些影响变得更加引人注目。❷He'sgood-looking,buthe'snotasstrikingashisbrother.他长得很帅，但他不像他哥哥那样引人注目。❸Itisstrikingthatnoresearchontheproblemisoccurring.显然没有针对该问题进行的研究。❹Theshipstruckarock.船触礁了。❺Thetreewasstruckbylightning.这棵树遭到了雷击。❻Thestonestruckherontheforehead.石头击中了她的额头。❼Theclockhasjuststruckthree.时钟刚刚敲过三点。❽Itstruckmethat/hitmethat/occurredtomethatthebandwhichIadoredwouldperformattheSilverPalacethenextday.我突然想起我崇拜的乐队第二天将在银宫演出。单句语法填空①There'sa____________(strike)contrastbetweenwhathedoesandwhathesays.②Itwas____________(strike)thatthepublicwereevenmoreconcernedabouttheclimatechange.③What____________(strike)memostwasthebeautyoftheWestLake.④Shewassoangryastostrikehim____________theface.3.contributeto为……做出贡献；向……捐款；促成，造成；有助于，导致(1)contributetotheRedCross 向红十字会捐款contributetoaliteraryjournal 向一个文学刊物投稿(2)contribute...to... 为……贡献/捐献……contributemoneytotheflood-strickenarea向洪灾区捐款contributetimetotheactivity 把时间花在活动上contributearticlestothemagazine 给该杂志投稿(3)contributionn. 贡献；捐款，捐献物；稿❶Wouldyouliketocontributetoourcollection？你愿意给我们的募捐捐款吗？❷Doessmokingcontributetolungcancer？吸烟会导致肺癌吗？❸Honestyandhardworkcontributetosuccessandhappiness.诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。❹Wecontributed￡5，000totheearthquakefund.我们向地震基金会捐赠了5000英镑。❺Shecontributedanumberofarticlestothemagazine.她给这家杂志撰写了一些文章。❻Hemadeaverypositivecontributiontothesuccessoftheproject.他对这个项目的成功贡献良多。❼Itisourdutytomakecontributionstoourmotherland.为祖国做出贡献是我们的责任。单句语法填空①Ibelievethateachofuscancontribute____________thefutureoftheworld.②Learningtorelaxbywhichevermethodsuitsyoubestisapositivewayof____________(contribute)toyouroverallgoodhealth.③Inwhatwaysdoyouthinkyoucanmakea____________(contribute)toourcompany?④Economistshavemadeimportant____________(contribute)tothefieldoffinancialandcorporateeconomics.4.familiarizeoneselfwith使自己熟悉/了解/通晓……(1)familiarizesb.withsth. 使某人熟悉/了解/通晓某物(2)familiaradj. 熟悉的，常见的befamiliarwith... (人)对……熟悉befamiliartosb. (物)对某人来说熟悉/为……熟知(3)familiarityn. 熟悉，通晓❶Wespentafewminutesfamiliarizingourselveswiththeday'sschedule.我们花了几分钟来熟悉当天的日程安排。❷Thegoaloftheexperimentwastofamiliarizethepeoplewiththenewlaws.该实验的目的是使人们熟悉新的规章。❸Thesmellisveryfamiliartoeveryonewholivesnearabakery.住在面包店附近的人都很熟悉这种气味。❹Areyoufamiliarwiththecomputersoftwaretheyuse?你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗？❺Hetalkedofotherculturesasiftheyweremorefamiliartohimthanhisown.他谈起其他文化就像它们对于他比他自己的文化还熟悉。单句语法填空①Onarrivingthere,youshouldtrytofamiliarizeyourself____________localconditionsandlaws.②Withthefinalexaminationdrawingnear,wemust____________(familiar)ourselveswithitfromnowon.③IuseChristmasasanexamplebecauseitisfamiliar____________mostreaders.④Thethemeparkyouareprobablymostfamiliar____________isDisneyland.⑤Sheaddressedmewithaneasy____________(familiar)thatmademefeelathome.5.encountervt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到n．相遇，遭遇，冲突(1)encountersomanyproblems/difficulties遇到这么多问题/困难encounteranoldfriend 遇到一位老朋友(2)achanceencounter 偶然相遇encounterwith... 与……的相遇❶Shehappened,whileshewasthusengaged,toencounterthefaceofthemanondeck.在她这样忙着的时候，偶然碰到在舱面上那个男人的面孔。❷Theyencounteredseriousproblemswhentwomembersoftheteamwereinjured.当两名队员受伤时，他们遇到了严重的问题。❸Makingthebestofthiscloseencounter,Itooksomepicturesofthebear.充分利用这次近距离的相遇，我拍了一些熊的照片。❹Ihadafrighteningencounterwithapoisonoussnake.我曾遇到过一条毒蛇，吓得我要命。单句语法填空①I____________(encounter)manydifficultieswhenIfirststartedthisjob.②Hisfirstencounter____________Wilsonwasbackin1989.③Bernsteinbegantrainingtheyoungmusicianafter____________chanceencounterataconcert.6．tolerantadj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的betolerantof 对……容忍；能耐……的tolerancen. 宽容，容忍toleratevt. 忍受tolerate(doing)sth. 忍受(做)某事❶Hehasaverytolerantattitudetowardsotheropposingideas.他对其他反对的观点持非常宽容的态度。❷Theyneedtobetolerantofdifferentpointsofview.他们需要容忍不同的观点。❸Theplantsaretolerantofdrought.这些植物耐旱。❹Theydon'thavethebestservice,butIcantolerateitbecauseIlovetheirfood.他们的服务不是最好的，但我能忍受，因为我喜欢他们的食物。❺Ican'ttoleratelying，asisknowntoyou.你知道，我不能容忍说谎。即学即练单句语法填空①Luckily,myparentsweretolerant____________mychoiceofmusic.②Iwon'ttolerate____________(lie)tome.③My____________(tolerant)ofheatisconsiderablygreaterafterhavinglivedintheFarEastforacoupleofyears.7.distinguishvt.&vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众(1)distinguish...from... 使……有别于……distinguishbetween...and... 把……和……区分开来distinguishoneselfas 作为……而出众/扬名/著名(2)distinguishedadj. 有尊严的，高贵的；卓越的；杰出的bedistinguishedfor 因……而著称；以……而出众❶Speechdistinguisheshumanbeingsfromtheotheranimals.言语能力将人类与其他动物区别开来。❷Weshoulddistinguishbetweengoodandevil.我们应分清善恶。❸Overthenextfewyearshedistinguishedhimselfasaleadinghistoryscholar.在随后的几年中，他作为历史学的权威学者而享有盛誉。❹Hewasthemostdistinguishedscholarinthisfield.他是这一领域最为著名的学者。❺Heisdistinguishedforhisknowledgeofeconomics.他因他的经济知识而出众。单句语法填空①Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent，ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssucha____________(distinguish)writer.②Thespeechmainlydealswiththetroubleyoungchildrenhavedistinguishingright____________wrong.③Researchsuggeststhatbabieslearntoseebydistinguishing____________areasoflightanddark.8．representativeadj.典型的，有代表性的n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表(1)berepresentativeof 代表……的arepresentativeof ……的代表(2)representv. 描绘；象征；作为……的代表represent...as... 把……描绘成……❶Theexhibitionisrepresentativeofmodernart.这个展出代表了现代艺术。❷BeijingOperaisthemostrepresentativeoftraditionalChinesedramaticartformsandthemostinfluentialChineseoperaform.京剧是中国最具代表性的传统戏剧艺术形式，也是中国最具影响力的戏曲形式。❸TheywillmeetwithrepresentativesfromindustryandthegovernmentnextTuesday.下周二他们将与产业界和政府的代表会面。❹Ihavebeenselectedtorepresentmyschooltoparticipateinthedebate.我被选出来代表学校参加辩论。单句语法填空①Heisa____________(represent)foralargeinternationalcompany.②Heseemedtotakeitforgrantedthatheshouldspeakas____________representative.③Allshopsarevisitedregularlybyoneofoursales____________(representative).④Thepaintingisnotrepresentative____________hisworksoftheperiod.⑤Paintings____________(represent)religiousthemeswerecommoninearliertimes.⑥NewYork____________(represent)everythingthat'sgreataboutAmerica.⑦Thepopularpresstendstorepresenthim____________anenvironmentalleader.9.castvt.(cast,cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色n．全体演员；投，抛castashadowoversth. 给某事物蒙上了一层阴影castlighton 使……真相大白castdoubt(s)onsth. 使人对某事产生怀疑castavote 投票castanet 撒网castsb.as... 选定某人扮演membersofthecast 剧组成员❶Thebadnewscastashadowoverus.这个坏消息给我们蒙上了一层阴影。❷Thediscoveryofthedinosaurskeletonhascastlightonwhytheybecameextinct.恐龙骨骼的发现使它们灭绝的原因真相大白。❸Newevidencehascastdoubtonthesentence.新的证据使人对判决产生了怀疑。❹Thefishermancasthisnetintothewater.渔夫把网撒到水里。❺Tomysurprise,thedirectorhascastmeasascientist.令我惊讶的是，导演选定我扮演一位科学家。❻Peoplenotonlycastonlinevotesthemselves,butalsourgeotherstovoteforcompetitionslikethe“MostBeautifulTeacher”andthe“CutestBaby”．人们不仅自己在网上投票，还力劝别人为“最美教师”和“最萌宝宝”这样的比赛投票。单句语法填空①Themooncastabrightlight____________thegarden.②Peoplecomplainedabouttheshadows____________(cast)bythenewskyscraper.③Aresearcherhasnowcastlight____________themysteryofwhytheanimalsdie.④However,thenewresultscastdoubt____________bothexplanations.10.owevt.欠(账、债、情等)；归功于，归因于(1)owesb.money/owemoneytosb. 欠某人钱owesb.anexplanation/apology 欠某人一个解释/道歉owesb.afavour 欠某人一份情(2)owesth.tosb./sth. 将某事物归因或归功于某人/物oweittosb.＋that从句/todosth. 将……归功于某人❶Shestillowesherfather￡3，000.她还欠她父亲3000英镑。❷Ireallythinkyouowethemananapologyforwhatyouhavedone.我真的认为你应该为你的所作所为向这位男士道歉。❸Youowemeafavour！你欠我个人情！❹Iowemysuccesstomyeducation.我把我的成功归功于我所受的教育。❺Heoweshislifetothestaffatthehospital.他能保住命多亏了这家医院的工作人员。❻Ioweeverythingtomyparents.我非常感激我的父母。❼IoweittoyouthatIamstillalive.多亏有你我才仍然活着。单句语法填空/单句写作①Iowe____________tomyselftomakegreatprogressinEnglish.②ManypeopleaskedhowIlearnedtospeakEnglishfluently,andIowedmostofit________mybeinganEnglishteacherincollegeforyears.③Hestillowesus$100____________thegoodsheboughtlastmonth.④我应该为我今天早上说的话向你道歉。________________________________________________________________________⑤他把他的成就归因于努力工作。________________________________________________________________________11.debtn．人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务owesb.adebt 欠某人一笔债；欠某人恩情payoffone'sdebts 清偿债务indebt/getintodebt 负债outofdebt 不负债❶HeissogoodtomethatIcanneverrepaythedebtIowehim.他对我太好了，我永远都还不清我欠他的人情债。❷IneedtopayoffallmydebtsbeforeIleavethecountry.我需要在离开该国前还清所有债务。❸Hediedheavilyindebt.他死时负债累累。❹Wewerepoorbutwenevergotintodebt.我们穷是穷，但我们从不负债。❺It'shardtostayoutofdebtwhenyouareastudent.当学生很难不负债。用debt的相关短语完成句子①I'm____________(负债)atthemoment，butIhopetobe____________(不负债)nextyear.②Ineedto____________(还清我的债务)beforeIleavehere.③InAmerica，parentsmaysaveformanyyearsandeven____________(陷入债务之中)topayfortheirchildren'stuitionfees.12.blamevt.把……归咎于，责怪，指责n．责任，责备，指责(1)blamesth.onsb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事blame...for(doing)sth. 因(做)某事责备……betoblamefor(doing)sth. 因(做)某事应受责备；对(做)某事负有责任(不定式用主动形式表示被动意义)(2)take/beartheblameforsth. 承担某事的责任lay/puttheblame(forsth.)on... 把(某事的)责任归咎于……❶Don'tblamehimforbreakingthatvase；afterall，heisachild.别怪他打碎了那个花瓶，他毕竟是个孩子。❷Theyblamedthefailureofthebusinessontheeconomicdownturn.他们把生意的失败归咎于经济衰退。❸Hewastoblamefortheaccidentbecausehedroveonthewrongsideoftheroad.他应该对事故负责，因为他开车逆行了。❹Wewerereadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。❺Healthofficialsputtheblameforthediseaseonpoorhousingconditions.卫生官员们将该疾病归咎于恶劣的住房条件。单句语法填空①Somepeopleblamethesmartphone____________thetragedy,yetinfactpeople'sweakself-controlandself-disciplineare____________(blame).②Don'talwaysblameyourownfailure____________others.Youshouldtaketheblame____________it.③____________(blame)fortheaccident,thedrivercouldn'tgetawaywithit.④Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblame____________thealarmclock.重点句型解构1.(教材P53)LiBai'sromanticstylewasalsodeeplyrootedinthesocialandhistoricalcontextinwhichhelived．李白的浪漫主义风格亦深植于他所处的社会历史环境中。[句式分析]本句是复合句。句中inwhichhelived是“介词in＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，修饰thesocialandhistoricalcontext。“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句(1)引导定语从句的关系代词不仅可以作动词的宾语，还可以作介词的宾语，若将介词提至关系代词之前，便形成了“介词＋关系代词”结构，该结构可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句，此结构中的关系代词只用whom(先行词指人)，which(先行词指物)和whose(表示所属关系，先行词既可指人也可指物)。❶Moreover，withthestadiumsetup，awiderangeofsportseventsareabletobeheld,ofwhichping-pong，footballaswellasrunningcompetitionsenjoygreatpopularity.此外，随着体育场的建成，各种各样的体育赛事都可以举办了，其中乒乓球、足球和跑步比赛非常受欢迎。❷Theofficialtowhomweappliedforapermitwasverykind.我们向他申请许可证的那位官员非常友好。❸HaveyoufoundthebookonwhichIspent￡10?你找到那本我花10英镑买的书了吗？❹OurEnglishteacher，withwhosehelpwehavemadegreatprogressinEnglish，hascompletedthirtyyearsofteaching.我们的英语老师完成了三十年的教学，在他的帮助下，我们的英语取得了很大的进步。(2)介词的选择依据：一是根据定语从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配，二是根据先行词与定语从句中动词的关系以及所表达的含义。a．根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，该谓语动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。❺Inthedarkstreet，therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(turntosb.forhelp).在黑暗的街上，她找不到一个可以求助的人。❻ThemanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisourEnglishteacher.(shakehandswithsb.)你刚才握手的那个人是我们的英语老师。b．根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，该形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。❼ThetwothingsaboutwhichKarlMarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.(besureabout)卡尔·马克思不确定的两样东西是语法和一些习语。单句语法填空①TheEnglishplayin____________mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.②Thisisthestudentfor____________Iboughtthebook.③Aharvesterisamachinewith____________weharvestcrops.④Idon'tthinkthenumberofpeople____________whomthishappensisverylarge.⑤Theman,____________whomIlearnedthenews,isanengineer.⑥Thisisthereason____________whichhewaslateforschool.⑦Theman____________whomthewolfwasshotisagoodhunter.⑧Wehavemanylabs,thelargestof____________wasbuiltlastyear.⑨Hementionedabook,____________titleIhaveforgotten.⑩Thoseforeignteachers,mostof____________haveneverbeentoChinabefore,areenjoyingtheirworkhereverymuch.2.(教材P54)EquallyimpressiveisLiBai'sfreeexpressionofstrongfeelings,whichbreathesvitalityintothelifelessobjectshedescribes,andwhichdistinguisheshimfromotherlandscapepoets.同样让人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发，这为他笔下的无生命物体注入了生机，也让他有别于其他山水诗人。[句式分析]本句是复合句。主句EquallyimpressiveisLiBai'sfreeexpressionofstrongfeelings是完全倒装句，属于表语位于句首的完全倒装，这也是为了使句子紧凑，避免头重脚轻，因为主句后面是两个which引导的定语从句修饰主句中的主语LiBai'sfreeexpressionofstrongfeelings.表语提前引起的完全倒装有时为了强调表语，需要将表语置于句首，句子完全倒装，倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”，表语可以是形容词、介词短语、分词等。❶Happyarethosewhoarecontented.知足者常乐。❷HiddeninatinycabinetwerefourMother'sDaypoemsI'dwrittenforherinthe1960s.在一个小柜子里，藏着四首我在20世纪60年代为她写的母亲节诗。单句语法填空/完成句子①____________(amaze)werealltheguestspresentwhentheclownappearedonthestage.②____________(stand)insideweremanyyoungpeoplewhowereoutofajobrecently.③他们随心所欲的日子一去不复返了。____________________________whentheycoulddowhattheyliked.④在这些货物中有圣诞树、花、蜡烛和玩具。____________________________Christmastrees,flowers,candlesandtoys.⑤窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。____________________________ayoungmanwithamagazineinhishand.Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Therewassomething,____________(胆敢)Isayit,alittleunusualabouthim.2．In____________(显著的)contrasttotheirbrothers,thegirlswerebothintelligentandadorable.3．Thiselectioncampaignhasbeen____________(是……的特征)byviolence.4．Everydayofourliveswe____________(遭遇)majorandminorsorrowsofonekindoranother.5．Thispaperintroducesapracticaltechniqueofenhancingaccuracyand____________(稳定性).6．Webelievethatstudentsofenthusiasticschoolswillhavemore____________(宽容的)attitudes.7．Bankswillgofrombeing____________(不受约束的)bytheirbalancesheetstobeingcagedbythem.8．Itisreasonabletoexpectourtelevisionprogrammestobemore____________(代表)ofChinesesociety.9．Tendegreesof____________(霜)hadfrozenthelockonthecar.10．Thesettingsun____________(投射)anorangeglowoverthemountainsthismorning.11．I____________(归功于)therecoveryofmyhearingtothisremarkablenewtechnique.12．Aloanwasarrangedtopaybackexisting____________(债务).13．Itwasadessertthathad____________(深深吸引)himsincehewasaboy.14．Weguaranteethatourexperienceinforeigntradeandmarketingwill____________(使享有权利)ustoyourconfidence.15．Nothingcouldrelievemyterriblesenseof______________(指责).Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Bothcompanieshavecharacterizedtherelationship____________pleasant.2．You'llneedtimetofamiliarizeyourself____________thelocalsurroundings.3．Shewasthemostremarkablewomanhehadever__________(encounter).4．Hisanalysiswasrooted____________asomewhatsubjectivereadingofAustrianhistory.5．TheawardoftheNobelPrizehascrowneda____________(glory)careerinphysics.6．Chinahascontributedtothe____________(stable)andbalanceofglobaleconomicdevelopment.7．Thereisloweredpain____________(tolerant),loweredresistancetoinfection.8．Shehasapowerfuland____________(constrained)emotion.9．Itisapparentthatlearningaboutlawscanhelpteenagersdistinguishright____________wrong.10．Themoviedirectedbyafamousdirector____________(cast)inadistantruralareaatpresent.11．Asanofficer,youoweit____________yourhonestsoldiers.12．Heclaimsnevertohaveowedorbeenindebt____________anyonesincethattime.13．It's____________(fascinate)toseehowdifferentpeopleovercomethedifficulties.14．Idonotblamethemfor____________(try)tomakesomeextraordinarymoney.Ⅲ.完成句子1．这个计划被放弃了，因为它没有考虑到没有自行车的学生。Theplanwasabandonedbecause______________________.(allowance)2．我在爬树时摔了下来，胳膊受了伤。我不敢再试了。WhenclimbingthetreeIfelldownandgotmyarmhurt.________________________.(dare)3．理性消费，这样你就不会负债。Makerationalspendingchoicessothatyouwon't________________________.(debt)4．尤其受欢迎的是游泳，这可能是最好的全身运动方式。________________________，whichisprobablythebestall-roundexercise.(表语前置引起的倒装)5．他幻想有一个没有战争的世界。Hehadavisionofaworld________________________．Ⅳ.课文语法填空ItisbelievedthatANightStayataMountainTemple1.________(write)byLiBaiinhisteenageyears.Withstrikingimagination,thisearlypoemshowedsignsofaromanticstyle,whichwaslatertocharacterizehispoetry.LiBai'sloveofreadingandtravellingcontributedalot2.________hisromanticstyle.By3.________(read)allkindsofbooks,hegotfamiliarwithclassicalChinesecultureand4.________(acquire)