2021年高考英语一轮总复习必修1 Unit 2 English around the world-B卷

2021年高考英语一轮总复习单元滚动提升检测卷(B卷)必修1Unit2Englisharoundtheworld(全卷共四大题，满分100分。请在40分钟内完成)班级____________学号____________姓名____________得分____________一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)AItisoneofthemostannoyingwordsintheEnglishlanguageanditseemsthereisnoescapingit.Theword“huh?”isinworldwideuse,astudyfound.ResearchersdiscoveredthatlanguagesspokenincountriesfromGhanaandLaostoIcelandandItalyallinclude“huh?”,orsomethingthatsoundsverylikeit.Theysaidthatwhilethestudymaysoundsilly,thewordisanabsolutelynecessarypartofspeech.Withoutitandsimilarwords,itwouldbeimpossibletoshowthatwehaven’theardorunderstoodwhathadbeensaidandthiswouldleadtoconstantmisunderstandings.Butwhileotherwordsusedinthesamecontext,suchas“sorry”or“what”,varywidelyacrosslanguages,“huh?”remainsunchanged.TheDutchresearcherscarefullystudiedtenlanguagesfromaroundtheworld,includingSiwu,whichisspokeninGhana,andanAustralianAboriginallanguage,aswellasItalian,Spanish,DutchandMandarinChinese.Theyanalyzedtapesofrecordedconversationsforwordsthatsoundedlike“huh?”andwereusedtorequestthatwhateverhadjustbeensaidberepeated.Allcontainedaversionof“huh?”.Thewordwasalsofoundinanother21languages.Whilethereweresubtledifferencesineachcountry,allsoundedbasicallythesame.Thisissurprisingbecausenormallyunrelatedlanguageswilluseverydifferentwordstodescribethesamething.Forinstance,theJapanesefor“dog”is“inu”,whiletheFrenchis“chien”.Itisthoughtthatlanguagesaroundtheworldhavedevelopedtheirownversionof“huh?”becausethesoundisquickandsimpletoform,aswellasbeingeasilyunderstood.Theresearchers,saidthatitmightseemunimportanttocarryoutscientificresearchintoawordlike“huh?”butinfactthislittlewordisanessentialtoolinhumancommunication.Theyalsohaveananswerforthosewhoclaimthat“huh?”isn’taword.Theysaythatitqualifiesbecauseofthesmalldifferencesinitspronunciationindifferentlanguages.Italsocanbeconsideredawordbecauseit’ssomethingwelearntosay,ratherthanagruntorcrythatwearebornknowinghowtomake.1.Accordingtoresearchers,theword“huh?”isveryimportantinspeechbecauseof________.A.itsstablemeaninginlanguagedevelopmentB.itsimportantfunctionincommunicationC.itssimpleandeasysoundandspellingD.itspopularityineverylanguage2.Whatisthenaturalresponseifyouheartheladyyou’respeakingtosay“huh?”?A.Youshouldaskhertorepeatwhatshesaysbeforethat.B.Youshouldapologizetoherforspeakinginalowvoice.C.Youshouldinvitehertoshareherdifferentviewspolitely.D.Youshouldtrytorepeatwhatyou’vejustsaidinaclearerway.3.Themainmethodusedintheresearchof“huh?”was________.A.interviewinglanguageexpertsinuniversitiesB.talkingwithpeoplefromtendifferentcountriesC.analyzingtherecordedconversationsindifferentlanguagesD.comparingdifferentwordswiththesamemeaningindifferentlanguages4.Accordingtoresearchers,“huh?”shouldbeconsideredawordratherthanasoundbecause________.A.itislistedinmostdictionariesB.itissomethinghumanslearntosayC.thereisaclearandconsistentspellingofthewordD.thereisabigdifferenceinthewayitpronouncesindifferentlanguages5.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toinformreadersaboutresearchontheworldwideusedword“huh?”.B.Toarguethat“huh?”isthemostimportantwordineverylanguage.C.Toentertainreadersbyrelatingsimilaridiomsindifferentlanguages.D.Toinstructreadersofthedifferencesof“huh?”indifferentlanguages.[助读词汇]worldwideadj.全世界的misunderstandingn.误会contextn.语境 containvt.包含annoyingadj.烦人的versionn.版本unrelatedadj.不相关的subtledifference 细微区别ratherthan而不是essentialtool基本工具absolutelynecessary绝对必要的BLikeotherlanguages,Englishhaschangedgreatly,sothatanEnglishspeakerof1300wouldnothaveunderstoodtheEnglishof500northeEnglishoftoday.Changesofeverysorthavetakenplaceinthesoundsandinthegrammar.AlthoughthepronunciationofEnglishhaschangedgreatlysincethe15thcentury,thespellingofEnglishwordshaschangedverylittleoverthesameperiod.Asaresult,Englishspellingisnotareliableguidetothepronunciationofthelanguage.ThevocabularyofEnglishhasnaturallyexpanded,butmanycommonmodernwordsarederivedfromthevocabularyoftheearliestEnglish,e.g.bread,good,andshower.Frenchwords,suchascastle,begantocomeintoEnglishshortlybeforetheNormanConquestin1066.AftertheConquest,NormanFrenchbecamethelanguageofthecourtandofofficiallife,anditremainedsountiltheendofthe14thcentury.Duringthese300ormoreyearsEnglishremainedthelanguageofthecommonpeople,butanincreasinglylargenumberofFrenchwordsfoundtheirwayintothelanguage,sothattheFrenchelementintheEnglishvocabularywasveryconsiderable.Mostlegaltermsandwordsdenoting(表示)socialranksandinstitutions(suchasduke),togetherwithagreatnumberofotherwordsthatcannotbeclassifiedreadily,e.g.honor,courage,season,manner,study,andpoor,belongtothisperiodofFrenchinfluence.SincenearlyalloftheseFrenchwordsaremainlyderivedfromLateLatin,theymayberegardedasanindirectinfluenceoftheclassicallanguagesupontheEnglishvocabulary.ThedirectinfluenceoftheclassicallanguagesbeganwiththeRenaissance(theperiodinEuropeinthe14th,15thand16thcenturieswhentherewasanewinterestinart,literature,andscience)andhascontinuedeversince;eventodayLatinandGreekrootsarethechiefsourceforEnglishwordsinscienceandtechnology.Englishvocabularyhasalsobeengreatlyexpandedbytheblending(混合)ofexistingwords(e.g.smogfromsmokeandfog)resultinginanewword,usuallywitharelatedmeaning.1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat_________.A.EnglishhasthemostchangesofallthelanguagesintheworldB.thespellingofEnglishwordshaschangedgreatlysincethe15thcenturyC.wecanusuallypronounceEnglishwordscorrectlyaccordingtothespellingD.Englishgrammarisnotthesameindifferentperiods2.AftertheNormanConquest,_________.A.FrenchbecamethelanguageofthecommonpeopleB.thevocabularyofEnglishdecreasedgraduallyC.FrenchbecametheofficiallanguageinEnglandD.bothEnglishandFrenchwerespokenincourt3.WhichofthefollowingwordscamefromFrench?A.Smog.B.Duke.D.Bread.D.Shower.4.Theunderlinedword“they”inPara.4probablyrefersto_________.A.LatinwordsB.FrenchwordsC.GreekwordsD.socialranks5.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat_________.A.NormanFrenchcameintoEnglish1,300yearsagoB.theFrenchelementintheEnglishvocabularywasnotimportantC.LatinandGreekwordsmakeupagreatpartofscientificEnglishwordsD.theincreaseofEnglishwordsisaworryingphenomenon[助读词汇]elementn.元素smogn.烟雾expandvt.&vi.扩大courtn.法院considerableadj.相当多的readilyadv.容易地institutionn.制度classifyvt.分类bederivedfrom源自于legalterms法律术语socialrank社会等级theRenaissance文艺复兴二、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)SomeAmericanleadersproposedmajor1inthelanguage.BenjaminFranklinwantedawhole2systemofspelling.His3werenotaccepted.Buthisideasdid4others.OnewasNoahWebster.Webster5languagebooksforschools.HebelievedtheUnitedStatesshouldhaveasystemofitsownlanguageaswellasgovernment.Webster6adictionaryoftheAmericanlanguagein1828.Itestablished7forspeakingandspellingthewords8inAmericanEnglish.Websterwrotethatallwordsshouldbesaidintheorderofthe9thatspellthem.ThisiswhyAmericansusetheletters“e-r”to10manywordsinsteadoftheBritish“r-e.”He11theword“center,”forexample,“c-e-n-t-e-r,”insteadoftheBritish“c-e-n-t-r-e.”NoahWebstersaideverypartofawordshouldbe12.ThatiswhyAmericanssay“sec-re-ta-ry”insteadof“sec-re-try,”astheBritishdo.Webster’sruleforsayingeverypartofa13toalargeextentmadeAmericanEnglish14forforeignsettlersto15.Theylearnedtosay“waist-coat,”forexample,thewayitisspelledinsteadoftheBritish“wes-kit.”Thedifferent16ofmanypeoplewhocametotheUnitedStatesalso17makeAmericanandBritishEnglish18.Manyoftheirforeignwordsand19becamepartofEnglishasAmericans20ittoday.1.A.basesB.usagesC.changesD.dialects2.A.obvious B.similar C.steady D.new3.A.accents B.reforms C.exceptions D.reviews4.A.influenceB.establish C.resemble D.confuse5.A.exchangedB.solved C.wrote D.directed6.A.mentionedB.compared C.omitted D.published7.A.remarksB.rules C.structures D.combinations8.A.enrichedB.conqueredC.basedD.used9.A.identitiesB.lettersC.requestsD.blocks10.A.endB.begin C.insert D.add11.A.resolvedB.spelled C.explained D.respected12.A.spokenB.criticizedC.standardized D.stressed13.A.phrase B.sentence C.word D.paragraph14.A.tougherB.funnier C.simpler D.easier15.A.accept B.realize C.learn D.present16.A.varietiesB.languages C.personalities D.companions17.A.helpedB.recognizedC.commandedD.organized18.A.differentB.popular C.available D.romantic19.A.languagesB.prepositions C.accents D.expressions20.A.requireB.disagreeC.recoverD.speak[助读词汇]proposevt.提出；提议establishvt.建立settlern.移居者toalargeextent在很大程度上三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分)ManystudentswanttoknowaboutthedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.Howdidthesedifferencescomeabout?Thereisnoquickanswer1thisquestion.AtfirstthelanguageinBritainandAmericawasthesame.In1776Americanbecame2independentcountry.Afterthat,thelanguage3(slow)begantochange.ForalongtimethelanguageinAmericastayedthesame,4thelanguageinEnglandchanged.Forexample,300yearsagotheEnglishtalkedabout“fall”.Today,mostBritishpeopletalkabout“autumn”,5Americansstilltalkabout“fall”.InthesamewayAmericansstillusetheexpression“Iguess”(meaning“Ithink”),just6theBritishdid300yearsago.Atthesametime,BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishstartedborrowingwordsfromotherlanguages,7(end)upwithdifferentwords.Forexample,theBritishtook“typhoon”fromChinese,whiletheAmericanstook“tornado”fromSpanish.Thedifferencesare8(great)inthespokenlanguage.Forexample,Americanssaydance/dæns/,andinsouthernEnglandpeoplesay/dɑ:ns/.InAmerica9pronouncenot/nɑ:t/;insouthernEnglandtheysay/nɔt/.However,mostofthetimepeoplefromthetwocountriesdonothaveanydifficultyin10(understand)eachother.[助读词汇]independentadj.独立的pronouncevt.发音comeabout产生afterthat之后inthesameway同样；以同样的方式havedifficultyin在某方面有困难四、短文改错（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Somepeoplesaythatthekeytosuccessistheluck,sotheyneverworkhardandofcoursecanonlyenvyotherssuccess.Whileothersclaimthatthekeyofsuccessishardwork,thathasnothingtodowiththefortune.AsfarasIamconcerned,therearemanyfactorscontributedtosuccess.thefourfundamentalfactorarestrongwill,diligent,devotionandperseverance.TherearemuchsuchexamplesofthegreatmenasNewton,HawkingandEinsteinwhoachievedsuccessfullythroughtheabovefactors.assayinggoes,successis99%ofhardworkand1%ofthefortune.Therefore,Iwishallofusachieveyoursuccessthroughourhardwork!2021年高考英语一轮总复习单元滚动提升检测卷(B卷)必修1Unit2Englisharoundtheworld参考答案一、阅读理解(A)本文讲述了“huh?”这个词被广泛地使用，研究人员还发现，在各种语言中人们发“huh?”这个音时基本相同。1.B推理判断题。本题要求我们搞清为什么“huh?”这个词在交流中很重要的原因。信息点在第二段的最后一句，根据Withoutitandsimilarwords,itwouldbeimpossibletoshowthatwehaven’theardorunderstoodwhathadbeensaid这个含虚拟语气的句子，我们可以推出，“huh?”这个词真的很重要。因为如果没有它，当我们没听清或听懂对方的话的时候，我们就无法表达出这个意思。既然无法表达，也就无法交流下去。2.D推理判断题。信息定位在第三段，第三段是说在同样的语境中，其他像sorry或what之类的词，都因语言而异，而“huh?”却没有变化。由常识可知，当我们请别人再说一遍时，我们说“what（什么）”。既然是同样的语境，那么“huh?”这个词也就是同样的意思了，因此选D。3.C事实细节题。信息定位在第五段，第一句说，他们分析了一些录音，这些录音或者听起来像“huh?”，或者是“要求别人重复说过的话”的话。此题的关键词是“analyze”。4.B事实细节题。我们利用寻读法，找到关键词beconsideredaword。信息定位在最后一段，这段中的Italsocanbeconsideredawordbecauseit’ssomethingwelearntosay明确告诉了我们为什么“huh?”是一个词语的原因，唯一的不同是答案中把we换成了humans。这个我想应该迷惑不了大家吧。5.A主旨大意题。从全文来看（尤其是第一段中的Theword“huh?”isinworldwideuse），作者只是客观的讲述了一些研究人员对“huh?”这个词语进行了研究，并发现，在各种语言中人们发“huh?”这个音时基本相同。因此我们可以推出，作者写这篇文章的目的只是为了告诉读者“huh?”这个词被广泛地使用。其他三个选项均不合文意。(B)语言是不断发展变化的，英语也不例外。各个重要的历史时期对英语的变化，尤其是词汇的变化都产生了深远的影响。1.D事实细节题。根据文章第一段中的Changesofeverysorthavetakenplaceinthesoundsandinthegrammar.可知D项正确。2.C事实细节题。根据文章第二段中的AftertheConquest,NormanFrenchbecamethelanguageofthecourtandofofficiallife可知C项正确。3.B事实细节题。根据文章第三段中的sothattheFrenchelementintheEnglishvocabularywasveryconsiderable.Mostlegaltermsandwordsdenotingsocialranksandinstitutions(suchasduke)…belongtothisperiodofFrenchinfluence.可知，英语中表示社会阶层的词大多来自法语，“duke公爵”就是一个来自法语的表示社会阶层的词。故选B项。4.A猜测词义题。自从诺曼底人征服英格兰以后，法语词汇开始进入英语，而法语中的词汇大多来自拉丁语，所以说拉丁语对英语有着间接的影响，因此可以推断they在此处指代的是拉丁词汇。(用代入法——把四个选项分别代入they的位置，显然A项最符合上下文语境和逻辑)5.C事实细节题。由文章最后一段中的LatinandGreekrootsarethechiefsourceforEnglishwordsinscienceandtechnology可知C项正确。二、完形填空受到BenjaminFranklin关于美国英语改革想法的影响，诺亚·韦伯斯特编写的字典给美国英语带来了很多变化。此外，不同语言的人们来到美国也给美国英语带来了影响。1.C从文章后面可知，美国英语发生了很多改变，故选C是最符合原文的。2.D由首句可知，有些美国领导者提出要在语言方面进行重大改革，BenjaminFranklin只是其中之一。斟酌四个选项，只有D项构成的语块awholenewsystemofspelling符合前面的majorchanges。3.B由上一句可知，既然是一种全新的拼写系统，那么肯定是语言的重大变革或改革了，故此题选B。reforms改革。4.A斟酌四个选项并结合上下语境可知，只有BenjaminFranklin的想法影响到了NoahWebster，他才编写了给美国英语带来巨大影响的词典。故选A。5.C由空后的languagebooksforschools可知是选C。writebooks写书。或者由下一段首句中的Websterwrotethatallwords也可知。属于原词复现。6.D由空后的adictionaryoftheAmericanlanguagein1828可知NoahWebster在1828年出版了第一部英语词典。故选D最合适。其他选项显然不符合语境。7.B根据空后的forspeakingandspellingthewordsusedinAmericanEnglish和下文可知，这本词典给美国英语制定了很多规则。故选B最佳。或者根据第四段中的Webster’sruleforsayingeverypartof也可知。属于原词复现。8.D句意：这本字典在美国英语的使用上建立了口语和单词拼写的规则。综合所有选项，只有D项最符合句意了。9.B由本段后文可以很容易知道选B。10.A由下一句He11theword“center,”forexample,“c-e-n-t-e-r,”insteadoftheB