高中一轮复习英语话题阅读集训（五）个人情况

话题阅读集训（五）个人情况Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018·江西南昌第一次模拟)Iusedtoserveasanoceanlifeguard.Wheneverpossible,IgotshiftsworkingthePointknownforitsmassiveandnaturalripcurrents(离岸流)．Inashift,IwasworkingTower15.MikewasworkingTower17.Hephonedme,“Igotacoupleofkids.Ihavetogivethemawarning.Keepaneyeonus.”Assoonashehungup,hegrabbedhislifebelt.Aripwastornopenunderthesetwokids,andtheyweregettingsuckedin.AllIsawwastwosmallnosesmovingupanddowninthewavywater.Idroppedmybinoculars(双筒望远镜)calling,“Doublerescue17—he'sout.I'mgoing.”Mikewasalreadyhittingthroughthesurfline.Realizingwhathappened,themotherwasonherfeetscreaming.Atthattime,Mikeswamsidewaysoutoftheripcurrentintotheclearwater.Exhausted,thechildrencouldn'tmove.SoMike'scarryingthem,oneundereacharm.Meanwhile,Isawtheterrorstarttoflowoverher.ShelookedatMike.Akindofpanicwashedoverherasthoughsomenew,equallydangerousthreatwasonherkids'lives.SherusheduptoMike,snatchedherkidsandwalkedaway.Notevenathank­you.Mikehadaroughupbringing.Hehadfrighteningtattoos,andhisshavedheadshowedthescarfromabrokenbeerbottle.Ididn'treallygetalongwithMike.Buteverythinghelackedinpersonalrelationshipskills,hemorethanmadeupforinlifesavingability.Havingayoungsonanddaughter,Icouldn'tevenimaginethedepthofherterror,soIsympathizedwithher.Anyway,IpromisemyselfIwillneverletmyownfearorprejudicepreventmefromrecognizingarealhero.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了作者曾经的同事解救处于危险中的儿童的故事。1．AtthesightofMike,themotherfelt________.A．excited B．depressedC．anxious D．terrified解析：选D细节理解题。根据第五段的第二句“Akindofpanicwashedoverherasthoughsomenew,equallydangerousthreatwasonherkids'lives.”可知，孩子的妈妈看到迈克时，感到很害怕，于是连一声谢谢都没有说就带着被救的孩子离开了，故选D。2．Theunderlinedword“upbringing”inthesixthparagraphcanbeunderstoodas________.A．caring B．raisingC．treating D．building解析：选B词义猜测题。根据第六段的第二句“Hehadfrighteningtattoos,andhisshavedheadshowedthescarfromabrokenbeerbottle.”可知，作者的同事迈克身上有吓人的文身，头上有啤酒瓶留下的疤痕，故可推知此处应选B。raise“抚养，养育”。3．WhichwordcanbestdescribeMike'sact?A．Sociable. B．Courageous.C．Fierce. D．Unfriendly.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段“Anyway,IpromisemyselfIwillneverletmyownfearorprejudicepreventmefromrecognizingarealhero.”并结合第四段的整体内容可知，同事迈克救助了处于危险中的孩子，他是勇敢的，故选B。4．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．AHeroinDisguiseB．ARescueinaRipCurrentC．PrejudiceAgainsttheLifeguardD．ATerrifiedandHelplessMother解析：选A标题归纳题。根据最后一段“Anyway,IpromisemyselfIwillneverletmyownfearorprejudicepreventmefromrecognizingarealhero.”，并结合全文的整体内容可知，本文主要讲述了背景和外貌不是很好的同事迈克勇敢救人的故事，故选A。indisguise“乔装的”。B(2018·湖北高三第一次联考)TheNobelPrizeWinnersinLiteratureRabindranathTagore(1913)Prizemotivation:becauseofhisdeepsensitive,freshandbeautifulpoetry,withperfectskills,hehasmadehispoeticthought,expressedinhisownEnglishwords,partoftheliteratureoftheWest.WilliamFaulkner(1949)Prizemotivation:forhispowerfulandartisticallyuniquecontributiontothemodernAmericannovel.ErnestMillerHemingway(1954)Prizemotivation:forhismasteryoftheartofnarrative,mostrecentlydemonstratedinTheOldManandtheSea.JohnSteinbeck(1962)Prizemotivation:forhisrealisticandimaginativewritings,biningsympathetichumourandkeensocialperception.SirWinstonLeonardSpencerChurchill(1953)Prizemotivation:forhismasteryofhistoricalandbiographicaldescriptionaswellasforbrilliantspeechskillsindefendingnoblehumanvalues.ClaudeSimon(1985)Prizemotivation:heinhisnovelbinesthepoet'sandthepainter'screativenesswithadeepenedawarenessoftimeinthedescriptionofthehumancondition.MoYan(2012)Prizemotivation:he,withdreamlikerealism,binesfolktales,historyandthecontemporary.BobDylan(2016)Prizemotivation:forhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了几位诺贝尔文学奖获得者获奖的原因。5.WhichwriterwonNobelPrizeforhispoetry?A．WilliamFaulkner. B．BobDylan.C．RabindranathTagore. D．ClaudeSimon.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“becauseofhisdeepsensitive,freshandbeautifulpoetry”可知，泰戈尔因其杰出的诗作而获得了诺贝尔奖。6．WhichwriterwonNobelPrizeforhisspecificworkinsteadofhislifelongachievements?A．ErnestHemingway. B．JohnSteinbeck.C．WilliamFaulkner. D．WinstonChurchill.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“forhismasteryoftheartofnarrative,mostrecentlydemonstratedinTheOldManandtheSea”可知，海明威因其精炼的叙述技巧而获得诺贝尔奖，代表作品是《老人与海》。7．WhoseworkswillyouturntoifyouareinterestedinasongwritingNobelPrizewinner?A．MoYan's. B．BobDylan's.C．ClaudeSimon's. D．RabindranathTagore's.解析：选B细节理解题。根据最后一段的“forhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition”可知，鲍勃·迪伦的作品与美国民谣歌曲之间有密切的联系，结合题干可知，选B。8．Whodescribedreallifeexperienceinhishistoricworks?A．JohnSteinbeck. B．MoYan.C．ErnestHemingway. D．WinstonChurchill.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第五段的“forhismasteryofhistoricalandbiographicaldescriptionaswellasforbrilliantspeechskillsindefendingnoblehumanvalues”可知，丘吉尔是因其精通历史和自传以及优秀的演讲技巧而获得了诺贝尔奖的，故选D。C(2018·福建福州市第一次联考)JosephGoldbergerwasadoctorfortheUnitedStatesPublicHealthServiceandhewasanadvocateforscientificandsocialrecognitionofthelinksbetweenpovertyanddisease.In1914,GoldbergerwasaskedbyUSSurgeonGeneralRupertBluetostudyaskindiseasethatwaskillingthousandsofpeopleintheSouth.Thediseasewaspellagra(糙皮病)．GoldbergertraveledtothestateofMississippiwheremanypeoplesufferedfrompellagra.Hestudiedthevictimsandtheirfamilies.Mostofthepeoplelivedahardlife.Thedoctorcametobelievethatthediseasedidn'tpassonfromonetoanother,butwasinsteadrelatedtofood.Hereceivedpermissionfromthestategovernortotestthisideaataprison.Prisonerswereofferedpardonsiftheytookpart.Onegroupofprisonersreceivedtheirusualfoods,mostlycornproducts.Asecondgroupatemeat,freshvegetablesanddrankmilk.Membersofthefirstgroupdevelopedpellagra.Thesecondgroupdidnot.ButsomemedicalresearchersrefusedtoacceptGoldberger'sidea.FortheSouth,pellagrawasmorethansimplyamedicalproblem.Therewereotherthings,includingSouthernpride.SoGoldbergerhadhimselfinjected(注射)withbloodfromapersonwithpellagra.Healsotookliquidfromthenoseandthroatofapellagrapatientandputthemintohisownnoseandthroat.Heevenswallowedpillsthatcontainedskinfrompellagrapatients.Anassistantalsotookpartintheexperiments.SodidGoldberger'swife.Noneofthemgotsick.JosephGoldbergerdiedofcancerin1929.Hewasfifty­fiveyearsold.Severalyearslater,researchersdiscoveredtheexactcauseofpellagra:alackofvitaminB3knownasniacin.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国医生JosephGoldberger研究糙皮病的患病原因的过程。JosephGoldberger医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动。9．WhowereeasytargetsofpellagraaccordingtoGoldberger?A．PeopleinAmerica.B．Peopleputintoprison.C．Peoplehavingapoordiet.D．Peopletouchingpellagrapatients.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mostofthepeoplelivedahardlife...thediseasedidn'tpassonfromonetoanother,butwasinsteadrelatedtofood.”，再结合Goldberger在监狱进行的实验的内容可知，在JosephGoldberger看来，糙皮病和食物有关，而且患者大多生活条件差；再结合实验中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了该病可知，不良的饮食容易导致人们患糙皮病。10．WhatdidGoldbergerwanttoprovebytheexperimentsmentionedinParagraph4?A．Pellagrawasn'tsoterrible.B．Pellagradidn'tspread.C．Pellagracouldbecured.D．Pellagrawasn'tamedicalproblem.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段中提到的Goldberger认为糙皮病不是传染病以及第四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进行的实验的内容(将患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的体内、将糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液体放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮肤组织的药丸)和结果(他没患病)可推知，Goldberger进行实验是为了证明糙皮病不传染。11．WhichwordscanbeusedtodescribeGoldberger?A．Devotedanddetermined.B．Selflessandfriendly.C．Patientandexpert.D．Stubbornandenthusiastic.解析：选A推理判断题。文中提到的Goldberger在监狱及在他自己身上做实验的内容表明他全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中，有奉献精神；尽管一些人不认可Goldberger的观点，但他仍坚持自己的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的，这体现出他意志坚定。故选A。D(2018·山东六校高三联考)Fourth­gradeteacherToriNelsonallowedoneofherstudentstoshaveherheadintheschoolyard,afterbullies(仗势欺人者)teasedhimabouthisownbuzzcut.MsNelsongottheideaafternoticingthatMatthewFinney,ashyboyfromherhomeroomatWinlockMillerElementarySchoolinWashingtonState,wasstandingoutsidehisclassroomcryingandwearingawinterhat.MsNelsoncouldseethebackofhisneckhadbeenshaved,andsinceMatthewusuallyhadverythickcurlybrownhair,sherealizedthathe'dhadahaircutovertheweekend.Sheaskedhimwhatwaswrong,andhesaidhe'dgottenabuzzcutforthesummer.Butthismorning,afifthgraderonthebusmadefunofhim,andhedidn'twanttoetoclassandgetteasedbyotherkids.MsNelsontriedtoconvinceMatthewtoeinside,butsinceschoolrulesprohibitedkidsfromwearinghatsindoorsherefused—explainingthathewasafraidofshowinghishaircuttotheotherchildrenincasetheyalsomadefunofhim.“FinallyIsaid,‘Ifyoutakeyourhatoffandetoclass,I'llletyougivemeabuzzcuttoo，’”MsNelsontoldYahooParenting.“Ifiguredit'sjusthair,andmineisalreadyshortanyway.Imightaswellgetitshorterintimeforthewarmweather.”Matthewexcitedlytookherupontheoffer,andMsNelsonandanotherteachergatheredallthefourthgraderstogetherduringbreaktime.Aschoolemployeebroughtinscissors,whichMatthewusedtothecheersofhisclassmates,excitedlywatchingastheirteacher'shairfellawayontothegroundintheschoolyard.“Itwasalotoffunforthekids,andithelpedMatthewfeelbetterabouthimself，”saidMsNelson.“Youhavetodowhatittakestoreachchildren.Teachingisn'tjustaboutreadingandwriting;it'saboutself­worthandacceptingdifferences.”语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了小男孩Matthew因新发型被其他孩子嘲笑而不敢进教室，女老师ToriNelson通过让Matthew帮她剪同样的发型来安慰、鼓励他的故事。12．WhatmainlyledtoMatthew'sstandingoutsidetheclassroom?A．Hisfearofbeinglaughedat.B．Hisunwillingnesstolearn.C．Hisviolatingschoolrules.D．Hisnotfinishinghishomework.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段的内容尤其是最后一句“explainingthathewasafraidofshowinghishaircuttotheotherchildrenincasetheyalsomadefunofhim”可知，Matthew不进教室的主要原因是他害怕被其他孩子嘲笑。故选A。13．WhydidMsNelsonhaveherheadshaved?A．ToshowsympathyforMatthew.B．TofortandencourageMatthew.C．Toprepareforthewarmweather.D．Toshowheruniquepersonality.解析：选B推理判断题。根据文章主旨以及第一段的内容和第三段中的“Ifyoutakeyourhatoffandetoclass,I'llletyougivemeabuzzcuttoo”可知，Matthew因新发型而受到仗势欺人者的嘲笑，因害怕也被同学嘲笑，他不敢进教室，Nelson老师想出了让Matthew给她剪一个相同的发型的主意来帮助Matthew敢于面对他的同学，由此可知，Nelson老师这样做的目的是安慰并鼓励Matthew。故选B。14．WhatisMsNelsonlike?A．Responsibleandcaring.B．Knowledgeableandcreative.C．Humorousandeasygoing.D．Stoutanddetermined.解析：选A推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，Nelson老师在知道自己的学生Matthew因新发型遭到嘲笑，并暗自伤心，害怕也被同学嘲笑而拒绝进教室的情况之后，她决定让Matthew当众为其剪同样的寸头发型，以此安慰并鼓励Matthew，而不是将此事抛诸脑后，置之不理。由此可看出，Nelson老师是一位负责任的、关心他人的人。故选A。15．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．TherealmeaningofteachingB．StanduptoschoolbullyingC．TeachkidstorespectdifferencesD．Ahaircutfulloflove解析：选D主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，Matthew因新发型被学校里的仗势欺人者欺负、嘲笑，进而使他因害怕被其他同学嘲笑而不敢进教室，女老师ToriNelson通过让Matthew帮她剪同样的发型来安慰、鼓励他，使他最终有勇气来面对这一欺凌现象。由此可知，D项为本文最佳标题。Ⅱ.完形填空(2018·郑州市第一次质量预测)IrememberthefirstdaywhenIsawSallyplayingbasketball.Iwatchedinwonderasshestruggledherwaythroughthecrowdofboysontheplayground.Sheseemedso__1__，butshemanagedtoshootjumpshotsjustovertheirheadsandintothenet.Theboysalwaystriedtostopher__2__nobodycould.IbegantonoticeSallyatothertimes,basketballinhand,playing__3__.Shepracticeddribbling(运球)and__4__overandover.OnedayIaskedSallywhyshe__5__somuch.Withoutamomentofhesitationshesaid,“Iwanttogotocollege.TheonlywayIcangoistogeta__6__.I'mgoingtoplaycollegebasketballandIwanttobethebestone.IbelievethatifIam__7__enough,Iwillgetone.Myfatherhastoldmethatifthedreamisbigenough,thefactsdon't__8__.”I__9__herthroughthosejuniorhighyearsandintohighschool.Everyweek,sheledherteamto__10__.Onedayinhersenioryear,Isawhersittingonthegrass,herhead__11__inherarms.Slowlyandquietly,Iwalked__12__andsatdownbesideher.“What'swrong？”Iasked.“Oh,nothing，”easoftreply,“Iamjusttooshort.”The__13__toldherthatat165cmshewouldprobablyneverplayforatopteam—stilllessshewouldbe__14__ascholarship—sosheshouldstopdreamingaboutcollege.Ifeltshewasextremely__15__.Iaskedherifshehadtalkedtoherdadaboutityet.Shetoldmethatherfathersaidthosecoacheswere__16__.Theydidn'tunderstandthe__17__ofadream.Thenextyear,Sallywasseenbyacollegebasketballcoachafterabiggame.Shewas__18__offeredascholarshipand__19__tothecollegeteam.Shewasgoingtogetthecollegeeducationthatshehad__20__andworkedtowardforallthoseyears.It'strue:ifthedreamisbigenough,thefactsdon'tcount.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了萨莉在自身条件不好的情况下不懈努力最终实现梦想的故事。1．A.silent B．smallC．strong D．huge解析：选B根据but的转折意义并结合上文的“Iwatchedinwonderasshestruggledherwaythroughthecrowdofboys”可推知，萨莉个子很小，与第四段中的“Iamjusttooshort.”呼应。2．A.but B．andC．so D．for解析：选A由空格前的“Theboysalwaystriedtostopher”和空格后的“nobodycould”可知，前后表示逻辑上的转折关系。3．A.still B．againC．well D．alone解析：选D根据语境可知，作者经常看到萨莉独自打球。4．A.passing B．runningC．shooting D．struggling解析：选C由第一段的“butshemanagedtoshootjumpshotsjustovertheirheadsandintothenet”和空格前的“dribbling(运球)”可知，萨莉反复练习运球和投球(shooting)。5．A.studied B．practicedC．expected D．improved解析：选B由第二段的“Shepracticeddribbling(运球)and__4__overandover.”可知，作者问萨莉为什么要大量地练习球技。6．A.title B．prizeC．scholarship D．reward解析：选C根据第四段的“shewouldprobablyneverplayforatopteam－stilllessshewouldbe__14__ascholarship－sosheshouldstopdreamingaboutcollege”可知，萨莉努力练球是想拿到奖学金去上大学。7．A.