英语（全国甲卷）2024年高考英语一轮复习测试卷（一）（考试版）

2024年高考英语一轮复习测试卷（一）（全国甲卷）英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。1．（2023·全国·模拟预测）Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Afestival. B．Anancestor. C．Akindoffood.2．（2023·全国·模拟预测）Howmuchwastheoriginalpriceofthecamera?A．$300. B．$280. C．$230.3．（2023·全国·模拟预测）Wherearethespeakersgoing?A．Tothehotel. B．Tothetrainstation. C．Totheairport.4．（2023·全国·模拟预测）Whatdoesthewomanwanttobe?A．Abusinesswoman. B．Auniversityteacher. C．Auniversitystudent.5．（2023·全国·二模）Whydoesthemanpayextra?A．Hewantstobuythebook.B．Heborrowedthebook.C．Hereturnedthebooklate.听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。（2023·全国·模拟预测）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6．Whatdoesthemanplantodothisafternoon?A．Goswimming.B．Gotoclass.C．Gotothelibrary.7．Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?A．Collectinformationforhispaper.B．Helphimwithhischemistry.C．Teachhimtostudymath.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。（2023·全国·模拟预测）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8．Whatdidthewomanorderatlast?A．Abeefsandwich. B．Ahotdog. C．Chickenbreast.9．Whereisthewoman?A．Inhercar. B．Atthecashier’sdesk. C．Inheroffice.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。（2023·全国·模拟预测）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inalibrary. B．Inaclassroom. C．Onaplayingfield11．Whatsubjectdoesthemanneedhelpwith?A．History. B．Math. C．English.12．Whywasthemanawayfromschoolforawhile?A．Hetookaholiday. B．Hebrokehisleg. C．Hewentforfootballtraining.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。（2023·全国·模拟预测）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。13．Whoarethespeakers?A．Teacherandstudent. B．Acouple. C．Friends.14．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Whetherkidsshouldworkforpocketmoney.B．Howkidscanbalanceworkandstudy.C．Whatkidscandoathome.15．Whatdidthemandowhenhewasyoung?A．Hewashedthedishes. B．Heworkedonafarm. C．Hedeliverednewspapers.16．Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardssleepforyoungpeople?A．Theyhavetoomuchsleep.B．Theyshouldhaveenoughsleep.C．Theyshouldgotobedearly.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。（2023·全国·模拟预测）听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。17．WhydidMarthaquitherearlierjob?A．Shewasbadlypaid.B．Thebosstooknointerestinherideas.C．Thestaffwerequiteunfriendly.18．WhatdoesMarthafindmostamazingaboutthemobilerestaurant?A．Shecandecideonthemenu.B．Allisadvertisedonline.C．Justalittlefoodiswasted.19．WhatisthebestthingforMarthaaboutthemobilerestaurant?A．Customerspayinadvance.B．Shecanworkoutdoors.C．Nowaiterisneeded.20．WhatcauseddifficultytoMarthawhenshedidamealonthebeach?A．Thesun. B．Thewind. C．Therain.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A（2023·全国·校联考三模）MoneySmartYouthAmbassadorsAboutYouthfromacrossMichigancanbeefinancialleadersbyapplyingtobea4HMoneySmartYouthAmbassador.ThisprogramsponsoredbyMichiganStateUniversityExtension4HYouthDevelopmentstartedin2020andprovidesanopportunityforyoungpeopletospreadfinancialknowledgewiththeirpeersbymeansofmedia.MoneySmartYouthAmbassadorsgainleadershipandpublicspeakingexperiencebyservingasguestspeakersduringpresentationsandpodcasts(播客),developinggames,creatingsocialmediacampaigns,writingarticlesandprovidingvaluableinputintofuturefinancialeducationprograms.Checkouttheiramazingworkbelow!HowtoJoinThisprogramisopentoallMichiganyouthaging1219.ApplicationsareaccepteduntilAugust1annuallyfortheupingyear.InterviewstakeplaceinAugustorSeptember.AmbassadorExpectations•ServeasaMichigan4HMoneySmartYouthAmbassadormemberfromSeptembertoJune.•Createandpromotemoneyeducationandprogramslocally.•Bepresentatallvirtualmeetingsasscheduledwithatleast75%attendanceatmonthlymeetings.•Contactthegroupadvisorsifunabletoparticipateinconferencecalls,meetings,eventsortrainingsastheyarescheduled.ResourcesCreatedbyMoneySmartYouthAmbassadors•ArticlesReadaboutinterestingmoneytopicstohelpyoubeesmartconsumersandgetaheadstartongrowingyourwealth.Thesearticleswerewrittenbyyouthforyouth.•MinimalismandMoneySavingbyAlexisV.•MultiplyingyourMoneyEarlybyLeahL.•GamesHavefunlearningwhatittakestogrowyourmoneywiththesegamescreatedbyourMoneySmartYouthAmbassadors.•KahootGameonCreditbyBrookeR.•MoneyWordSearchbyHarperJaneA．Formoreinformation,contactagroupadvisor:KathyJamieson,jamies13@msu.edu21．Whatisamusttoapplyfortheprogram?A．HavingMichiganidentity.B．Reachingtheageof19.C．Owning4Hmembership.D．Havingfinancialbackground.22．WhatisaMoneySmartYouthAmbassador’sduty?A．Makinggenerousdonations.B．Publishingfinancialarticles.C．Attendingvirtualmeetings.D．Promotingprogramsworldwide.23．Whyarethegamesincludedinthetext?A．Toaddfuntocourses.B．Toprovidefinancialknowledge.C．Tointroducefinancialbackground.D．Tocollectfundfortheprogram.B（2023·广东广州·统考三模）InhisnewbookTheJourneysofTrees,sciencewriterZachSt.Georgeexploresanextremelyslowmigration(迁徙),asforestsmoveinchbyinchtomorehospitableplaces.Asoldtreesdieandnewonesgrowup,theforestis—eversoslightly—moving,hewrites.“Throughthefossils(化石)thatancientforestsleftbehind,scientistscantracktheirmovement.Theymovebackandforthacrosscontinents,likemigratingbirdsorwhales.”Thishashappenedoverthousandsofyears,andclimatechangetendstobethedrivingforce—pushingandpullingforestsaroundtheglobe.Ofcourse,today,climatechangeisspeedingup,andtreescan’tkeeppace.TakeCalifomnia:It’sgettinghotteranddrierandscientistsestimatethatbeforetoolong,JoshuaTreeNationalParkmaynotbeabletosustainJoshuatrees.ZachSt.GeorgedescribesasimilarthreattoSequoiaNationalPark,duringCalifornia’slongandseveredroughtafewyearsback.ScientistsworriedthatmaybeSequoiaNationalParkwouldnolongerbetheplaceforgiantsequoias.St.Georgethinksatsomepointwewilllosetheseancienttreesandwewillhavetothinkaboutwhatwedowiththeplaces,anddoweplantnewonessomewhereelse?Thisisknownas“assistedmigration”—humansplantingtreesinotherplaceswherethey’remorelikelytogrowwell.Butthisprocesscarriesrisks—peoplecanaccidentallyintroduceinsectsanddiseasestonewplaces,wheretheymaywipeoutentirenativepopulations.So,St.Georgewrites,there’sadebateamongconservationistsandforesterstoday:Shouldhumanshelpthetreesescape?“Ithinktherearegoingtobeinstanceswherepeopleareprobablygoingtostepinandhelpspeciesmovetoplaceswherethey’llbemoresuitableinthefuture,”St.Georgesays.“AndImetalotofpeopleintheprocesswhohavefeltsorryaboutwhathasbeenlostandwhatwillbelost—andarestillcontinuingtotryanddogoodandworkinthemomentforsmallthings.”24．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inParagraph1referto?A．Animals. B．Fossils. C．Scientists. D．Forests.25．WhyisSequoiaNationalParkmentioned?A．Toconfirmtheproblemofthelossoftreespeciesisserious.B．Toarguehumansshouldberesponsibleforthelossoftrees.C．Toexplainclimatechangeresultsinthemigrationofforests.D．Toproveforestscanslowdowntheprocessofclimatechange.26．Whatcanbeinferredaboutassistedmigration?A．Itcanpreventthetreesescaping.B．Itcanpromotebiologicaldiversity.C．Itmayhelptoprotecttheforests.D．Itmayaffectspeciesinnewplaces.27．WhatisSt.George’sattitudetoassistedmigration?A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Intolerant.C（2023·全国·一模）Deveza’smotherwasonthewaitinglistforakidneytransplant(肾移植).Devezawantedtodonateoneofherownkidneys,butshewasturneddownbecauseshemightdevelopthesamehealthproblemsashermotherinlaterlife.Devezacameupwithadifferentplan.In2017,shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchanginghalfherliver(肝)forsomeoneelse’skidney.Acasestudyoftheorganexchangehasnowbeenpublished.Andthesurgeonswhowereinvolvedarecallingformoreexchangeslikethis.“Youcanimaginetheenormousimpactformixedorganextendedchains,”saysJohnRoberts,asurgeonatUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.Mostorgantransplantsefrompeoplewhohavedied,butthereareneverenoughorgans.Asmostpeoplecanmanagewithjustoneoftheirkidneys,peoplewithkidneyfailureareincreasinglyreceivingdonatedorgansfromrelativesorfriends.Ifsomeonewantstodonatebuttheirimmune(免疫的)systemisunsuited,doctorsmaybeabletofindpairsofwouldbedonorswhocaneachgiveakidneytotheother’srelative.WhenDevezawaslookingintosuchchains,shecameacrossresearchdescribingtheideaoftradingakidneywiththeonlyotherorgangenerallytakenfromalivingdonor—theliver.ShesuggestedtheideatomanyhospitalsbeforeshefinallycontactedRoberts,whosawtheidea’spotential.Devezawasassessedtobeingoodenoughhealthtodonatepartofherliver.Itthentook18monthstofindAnnieSimmons,inIdaho,whoseliverwasunsuitabletouseasatransplantforhersisterwithsevereliverdisease.Theydrewupaplan:SimmonswoulddonateakidneytoDeveza’smother,andinreturn,DevezawouldgivehalfherlivertoSimmons’sister.Thehospitalgavethegoaheadandthefouroperationstookplaceonthesamedaysuccessfully.Theteamhopesthatthegroundbreakingcasewillinspiremorepeopletoconsiderdoingthesame.Robertssaysthatdirectexchangesinvolvingtwodonorscouldenableuptothirtyextralivingdonorlivertransplantsayear—atenpercentincrease.28．WhatdidDevezadotosavehermother?A．Carryingoutacasestudy.B．Callingforkidneydonations.C．Launchingamedicalexperiment.D．Tradinghalfherliverforakidney.29．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Patients’hopelessnesstosurvive.B．Severalsourcesoforgandonation.C．Currentsituationoforgantransplants.D．Doctors’effortstoimproveorgantransplants.30．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheorganexchangebetweenDevezaandSimmons?A．Itdiscouragedorgandonation.B．Itbroughttwofamiliestogether.C．Itmetwithwidespreadapproval.D．Itproducedadesirableoute.31．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．MyLiver,YourKidneyB．Mother’sLove,OurHappinessC．OrganTransplant:BlessingforPatientsD．OrganExchange:MajorMedicalAdvancesD（2023·全国·校联考二模）Withnewtechnologiessuchasartificialintelligenceandbigdata,smartagricultureisexpectedtobringaboutessentialchangestotraditionalagricultureinChina.ShiYun,aresearcherattheChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,saidChinawouldrealizefullymechanized,automated,anddigitalagriculturethroughdevelopingprecisionagriculturaltechnologies.Precisionagricultureisanagriculturalmanagementsystemaimedatoptimizinginputstoachievethemosteconomicandenvironmentalbenefits,usingtechnologiesineludingremotesensingandsatellitenavigation.Precisionagricultureisabletobringdownlaborcosts,savewater,fertilizers(肥料)andpesticides,andreduceunnecessarydecisionmakingerrors.Sofar,demonstrationbasesforsmartagriculturehavebeenbuiltin13areasincludingBeijing,HeilongjiangprovinceandtheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion.Precisionirrigation―forinstance,dripirrigation(滴流灌溉)—cangreatlydecreasecostsandincreasetheefficiencyofwaterandfertilizeruse.Byincreasingsoiltemperature,storingwater,andcontrollingdiseases,thetechniquehasimprovedwaterandfertilizeruse.Meanwhile,ithasimprovedcottonqualityandincreasedcottonproductioninXinjiang.“Othertechnologiesforprecisionagriculturesuchasplantprotectiondrones(无人机)andharvestingrobotscanalsosaveresourcesandcosts,increasingfarmers’inesandreducingtheireconomiclossescausedbynaturaldisasters,”Shisaid.Dronescanautomaticallygenerateroutesbyaccessinghighdefinitionfarmlandmaps,flyandsprayaccurately,andprovidestandardizedagriculturalservices.However,thedevelopmentofprecisionagriculturestillfaceschallengesandfallsbehinddevelopedcountries.Somecoreequipmentandtechniques,suchaspartsofagriculturalsensors,stillrelyonimports,andbigshortagesremaininsmartagriculturetechnicians.Besides,morefinancialsupportisneededtoprehensivelypromotesmartagriculturenationwide.SinceartificialintelligenceandroboticshavebeenappliedinChinaforarelativelyshorttime,itisnecessarytoopenupamodernpathwithChinesecharacteristicsbasedonlocalconditions.32．Whatarethebenefitsofprecisionagriculture?A．Improvingtheenvironmentandsavingfertilizers.B．Bringingdownlaborcostsandavoidingmistakes.C．Increasingefficiencyandremovingsomediseases.D．Generatingfarmlandmapsandprovidingservices.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimizing”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Gettingsomethingdoneconveniently.B．Holdingapositiveattitudetosomething.C．Makingsonethingaseffectiveaspossible.D．Employingatraditionalwaytodosomething.34．Howcanprecisionagriculturebedevelopedproperly?A．Importingequipmentfromsomedevelopedcountries.B．Workingoutwaystosuitlocalconditionsindifferentareas.C．Usingartificialintelligenceandroboticstodevelopmoderncities.D．Seekingfinancialsupportabroadtoimprovetheproductionofcrops.35．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Smartagriculturehasreplacedtraditionalagriculture.B．Artificialintelligencedependsonplantprolectiondrones.C．Precisionagriculturehelpsboostagriculturalmodernization.D．DemonstrationbasesforsmartagriculturehavebeenbuiltthroughoutChina.第二节(其5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2023·全国·校联考二模）Heartdiseaseisagrowingproblem.AccordingtotheInternationalJournalofMolecularScience,heartdiseaseisthenumberoneleadingcauseofdeathinwesterncountriesandrepresents30%ofalldeathsintheworld.36,likegenetics,age,theamountofmovementyougetonadailybasis,andyourdiet,withmanyresearchersbelievingthatdietisthemostcrucialwaytopreventthesediseases.Buthowexactlydofoodandyourdailydietimpactyourhearthealthandriskofdisease?37TheAmericanHeartAssociation(AHA)recentlyreleaseditsmostuptodatelistofguidelinesformaintainingahealthyheart.Theguidelinesclearlystatethatinordertohelpreduceyourriskofheartdisease,itisimportanttolimityourconsumptionofheavilysaltedfoods,foodsanddrinkswithaddedsugar,ultraprocessedfoods,andalcohol.38andhasfoundthata“poorquality”diet,whichisonethatconsistsofthefoodsmentionedaboveandisalsolowinfruits,vegetables,andwholegrains,cansignificantlyincreaseyourchancesofcardiovascular(心血管)disease.Atthesametime,theAHA’sguidelinesalsoincludehelpfultipsforeatingpatternsthathaveapositiveeffectonyourheartaswell.Theysuggesteatingavarietyoffruits,vegetables,andwholegrains,andchoosinghealthy,leansourcesofprotein.39.Attheendoftheday,theresearchseemstoagreethatloweringyourriskforheartdiseaseisabinedeffort.40butinsteadcanbesignificantlyreducedwithabalanceddietthatfollowsmanyofthesuggestedguidelines.A．HerearesomebeneficialeatinghabitsforyourheartB．YourriskofheartdiseasehasmanycontributingfactorsC．Itcan’tbesolvedwithjustonespecificfoodornutrientD．ThisgoalcanonlybeachievedbyhealthyandregulareatingE．ThesepatterncansignificantlyhelpdecreaseyourriskforheartdiseaseF．TheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiologystatessimilarguidelinesG．Readontolearnwhattheresearchsaysabouteatinghabitscontributingtoheartdisease第三部分语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2023·全国·校联考三模）HurricaneIanhitFloridainOctoberandbroughtwithitflooding,winds,andarecordhighstorm.ManyresidentslikeKarenLauder41toleavetheirhomesbecausethey42theintensityofthestorm.Karenis84andreliesonawheelchairto43becauseofamissingleg.Herson,JohnnyLauder,triedrepeatedlytogetherto44,butinvain.Johnnyhadtostaybutheandhisfamilylivedinanotherdistrict.Theykeptin45touchwithKaren.WhenKaren46thatthewaterinherhousehadreachedherwaist,heknewhehadtotake47.Johnnyjumpedoutofawindowandbeganto48tohismother’s.Ashemadehis49throughthewater,Johnnystoppedoccasionallytosnapselfies(自拍)toshowhis50familythathewasokay.Johnnywasracingagainst51.HeonlyhadashortperiodoftimetogettherebeforethewaterroseaboveKaren’s52.Ittookhim40minutestoswimfourblocks.Karen’syellsoundedlike53tohisears!Shewasstillalive!ButJohnnysawKaren54likealeaf,sohefoundsomecleansheetsandwrappedheruponatabletoget55.EveryoneinJohnny’sfamilyisnow56.They’vealllosteverythingthey57,includingtheirhouses,butthey’re58justtobehere.“Ididn’tlosehope.Sowe’restillhere.59islikeaputer.There’retwobuttons:There’saresetandapower—and60itwasjustaresetbuttonthatgothitandnotthepower,”hesaid.41．A．decided B．attempted C．expected D．refused42．A．assessed B．understood C．underestimated D．analyzed43．A．getaround B．getthrough C．standup D．goon44．A．agree B．leave C．apply D．participate45．A．impossible B．temporary C．constant D．limited46．A．heard B．concluded C．evaluated D．reported47．A．action B．effect C．place D．care48．A．ride B．run C．drive D．swim49．A．difference B．way C．presentation D．decision50．A．embarrassed B．guilty C．worried D．disappointed51．A．time B．weather C．pressure D．disease52．A．waist B．head C．knees D．wrists53．A．signal B．reminder C．order D．music54．A．shaking B．whispering C．standing D．dancing55．A．focused B．clean C．warm D．accessible56．A．petent B．efficient C．responsible D．safe57．A．owned B．stored C．discovered D．remembered58．A．fascinated B．grateful C．willing D．determined59．A．Disaster B．Difficulty C．Life D．Misfortune60．A．eventually B．fortunately C．similarly D．unexpectedly第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.（2023·全国·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ChatGPTishightechprogress,notarevolutionChatGPTisapowerfulchatbot61(develop)byOpenAIandlaunchedinNovember2022.BuiltontopofOpenAI’sGPT3familyoflargelanguagemodels,itengagesinhumanlikedialogueeggedbyprompting.It62(design)torespondinanatural,intuitivewayandhasnumerouspotentialuses.Froma63(science)pointofview,thereisaneedtocloselywatchthedevelopmentofsuchtechnologiesbeforereachingaconclusionabouttheirefficacyandhelpfulnature.Technologyprogressesstepbystep.SoweshouldnotpanicthinkingChatGPTwilltakeupjobs64tillnowneedhumanstofulfill.ChatGPTisanexampleofhightechprogress,notarevolution.First,ChatGTP65(make)quitesomeprogressinnaturallanguageprocessing,yetitstillhasalongwaytogoto66(plete)understandthehumanmindandlanguagefaculty,becausewhenites