Unit7InternationalCharitiesGrammar课件牛津译林版八年级英语下册

ThePassiveVoiceUnit7InternationalcharitiesMasterTangPiggySandyMonkeybroWhathadhappened?Whydidtheygetannoyed?MasterTangwascaughtbyamonster.Whathadhappened?Whydidtheygetannoyed?执行者承受者执行者执行者执行者AmonstercaughtMasterTang.主动语态主语是动作的执行者被动语态主语是动作的承受者一般现在时被动语态构成：

被动语态的构成主语+be+done(及物动词）+(by...）主语+was/were+done+(by..)一般过去时被动语态构成主语+am/is/are+done+(by..)by:“由…/被...”，后面用宾格(动作的执行者）动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则：1.一般情况加-ed.

look--looked--lookedplay--played--played2.以e结尾的动词，只加-d.

live--lived--livedhope--hoped--hoped3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音,应双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed.stop--stopped--stoppedplan--planned--planned4.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i,再加-ed.study--studied--studiedcarry--carried--carried5.不规则变化（见不规则动词表）ThelightswereturnedoffbyTom.Thewindowsarecleanedeveryweek.Millieclosedthedoor.TheTVwasturnedon.Theboymadeamodelplane.Atotal(总数)of8questionsareanswered.orActive主动Passive被动PassivePassiveActivePassiveActivePassiveNowEnglish____bymoreandmorepeopleallovertheworld.

A.speaksB.isspokenC.wasspokenThelostboy____atthestreetcornerlastnight.

A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.find一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词用所给动词的被动语态填空:1)

yourroom________(clean)everyday?2)Ourclassroom__________(notclean)yesterday.3)Bothofthetwobooks__________(lose)lastSunday.4)Thestudents___________(ask)tohandintheirhomeworkontimeeveryday.5)---When

thiskindofcomputer

(make)inHongKong?---In2000.Iscleanedwasn’tcleanedwerelostareaskedwasmadeMasterwascaughtbyamonster.师傅被妖怪抓走了

Masterwasn'tcaughtbyamonster.师傅没被妖怪抓走Wasmastercaughtbyamonster?师傅被妖怪抓走了么？Whenwasmastercaughtbyamonster?1肯定句:主语+be+done+(by…)2否定句:主语+be+not+done+(by…)3一般疑问句:Be+主语+done+(by…)4特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+done+(by…)主动语态如何变被动语态:AmonstercaughtMasterTang.(主动语态)主语谓语宾语MasterTangwascaughtbyamonster.(被动语态)主语谓语宾语宾变主,主变介宾(by+宾语）谓变bedone，时态不变TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenhelphimwithhomework.Hegavemeabook.随学随练Abook

wasgiventomebyhim.I

wasgivenabookbyhim.如何使用被动语态1）不知道动作的执行者是谁2）没有必要指出动作的执行者3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者(带by)Mybikewasstolenyesterday.Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.被动语态的几种特殊类型1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语givemeabook=giveabooktome

间宾

直宾

直宾间宾(1)Hegaveme

abook.

主动语态变为被动语态--------Iwasgivenabookbyhim.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.(2)Iboughthim

abook.

主动语态变为被动语态--------

Hewasboughtabookbyme.Abookwasboughtforhimbyme.to:for:pass,give,show,bring,send,tell,teach,lend...make,buy,cook...2.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态Theytakegoodcareofmychild.-----Mychildistakengoodcareof

.Iturnedofftheradio.-----Theradiowasturnedoff(byme).保持短语的完整，不能漏掉介词1.感官动词(see,hear,watch,notice/lookat，listento)3.感官动词，使役动词,help

主语+be+seen/heard..+todosth主语+be+made/had+todosth主语+

be+

helped+

to

do

sth这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不加to，但变被动句时必须加to.2.使役动词(let,make、have、)3.helpe.g.1.IsawhimplaybasketballlastSunday.

2.Thebossmakeshimworkfor10hours.

HewasseentoplaybasketballlastSunday.Heismadetoworkfor10hours.2.连系动词be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…PekingOpera________(sound)beautiful.sounds1.不及物动词如:happen,takeplace,last(持续）,comeout（出版）,cometrue,runout（用完）…主动表被动（不用被动语态的动词）：Mooncakes________(taste)delicious.taste3.当表示主语质地,自身特征的动词read,write,wash,sell,draw,wear,drive,lock,clean,open与副词__________________

可用主动语态表被动意义，用作不及物动词,此时不是表示具体动作。如：Thepenwritesverysmoothly.

Theclotheswasheasily.Hisbookssellwell.well,easily,badly区别：1.Thiskindofshoesaresoldinthismall.(sell)Thiskindofshoessellwellinthismall.2.Rice___________byfarmersinSouthChina.(grow)Rice__________wellinSouthChina.1.—Theflowersinthisflowershop_____well.—Yes.Everyday,alltheflowers_____outby5:00p.m.A.sell;sell B.sell;aresoldC.aresold;sell2.TheOlympics__________everyfouryears.A.takesplaceB.istakenplaceC.tookplace1.Theaccident______earlythismorning.happenedB.washappenedC.hashappened4.doing表被动意义

need/requiredoing=need/requiretobedone需要被做

Thebookisworthreading.beworthdoingsth值得做某事Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.我的自行车需要被修理这本书值得被读IX.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：

据说……Itissaidthat…据报导…… Itisreportedthat…众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…1.Charityactivities______________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).areplannedtohelpthepoorWhat

theydoeveryyearP99Leaflet________________________________________(handout/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).arehandedouttopeopleinthestreetbyvolunteersToysandCDs_____________________(sell/toraisemoney).aresoldtoraisemoneyWhattheydidlastweekNewbooks___________________________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).

weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentsWarmclothes__________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).

werecollectedforpoorpeopleAcharityshow_____________________________(hold/theStudents’Union).

washeld

bytheStudents’UnionP100Amy:I’mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.抓关键词确定时态Amy:I'mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.Amy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop__________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsinallovertheworld.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.

wassetupwasopenedaresoldisusedDaniel:That’sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem________(call)ProjectHope.It__________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry__________(give)basiceducation.

iscalled

wasstartedaregivenAmy:Yea.Manyschools__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.arebuilt1.TodayEnglish_______alloverChina.

A.teachB.teachesC.istaughtD.aretaught2.Themeeting_______twoweeksago.

A.holdB.washeldC.wereheldD.isheld3.Jim___hisclotheseveryday.

A.washedB.washesC.washingD.iswashed4.We____thereadingroomlastnight.

A.iscleanedB.cleanC.cleanedD.wascleaned5.