大学英语作文预测讲义

大学英语写作冲刺（2010.6）主讲人：康建刚写作冲刺注意事项考试趋势：新+难；2．原则+方法；3．写作三步骤：Pre-writing;While-writing;Post-writing。Writing1Directions:Thefollowingtablegivesstatisticsshowingtheaspectsofqualityoflifeinfivecountries.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationinthetablebelow.CountryGNPperhead(USdollars)DailycaloriesupplyperheadLifeexpectancyatbirth(years)Infantmortalityrates(per1000livebirths)Bangladesh140187740132Bolivia570208650124Egypt69029505697Indonesia58022964987USA1316036527412ModelComposition:Thetableusesfourbroadeconomicindicatorstoshowthestandardoflivinginfiveselectedcountries,includingboththemostdevelopednationintheworldandsomeofthelessdevelopednations.ThereisnodenyingthefactthattheUSAhadmuchhigherqualityoflifethanothercountries.Ascanbeclearlyseenfromthestatistics,theUSA—oneoftherichestcountriesintheworld—hadthehighestGNPanddailycalorieintake,thelongestlifeexpectancyandthelowestinfantmortalityrate.Theotherdevelopingcountrieshadaconsiderablylowerqualityoflife.Egypt,IndonesiaandBoliviaweresimilarintheirrangeofindicators,withEgypthavingthehighestqualityoflifeamongthethree.However,Egypt’sinfantmortalityratewasslightlyhigherthanIndonesia’s,at97deathsper1000comparedto87inIndonesia.Bangladeshhadbyfarthelowestqualityoflifeinallthefourindicators.ItsGNPwasonlyaboutone-hundredththatoftheUSA.ThefiguresintermsofthedailycaloriesupplyperheadandlifeexpectancyatbirthinBangladesharethehalfofthoserespectivelyinUSA,anditsinfantmortalityratewas10timesgreater.Inconclusion,itgoeswithoutsayingthatthefourdevelopingcountrieshavetodevelopalotmorebeforereachingthesamelevelofqualityoflifeastheUSA.Atthesametime,theUSAhastheresponsibilitytohelptheothercountriestodeveloptheireconomiesandimprovetheirpeople’slivingstandard.UsefulExpressionsandStructures:介绍图表Thetable/chart/diagram/graph/picture/cartoonshows(that)...Thefigures/statisticsshow/describe/illustrate(that)…Asisshown/described/illustrated/indicated/revealedinthecartoon/picture/graph/chart/table,...Ascanbeclearlyseenfromthecartoon…Whatavividpictureitis!Ittellsusthatloveisjustlikealampinthedark,bringingjoyandwarmthtothepeoplearound.Accordingtothetable...,Ascanbeseenfromthetable...,Itcanbeseenfromthetable...Itisself-evidentthat…,Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…,Thereisnodenyingthefactthat…统计数据的表达方法increase/fallslightly/alittle/sharply/dramatically/drasticallyfrom...to...,skyrocket/soar/rise/decline/jumpfrom…to…remainsteadyat...,remainlevel,peakat...,reachtheclimaxat...,reachthelowat…,accountfor...twice/three...timesasmany/muchas...,onefifth/aquarter/athird/ahalfof...数据变化的表达方法Thenumber/amountof...increased/jumped/rose/decreased/dropped/fell/suddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steadily/gradually/slowly/slightlyfrom...to...Therewasasudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/sharp/steady/gradual/slow/slightincrease/jump/rise/decrease/drop/fallinthenumber/amountof...from...to...开头和结尾的常用句型Thetwographsdescribethesamethingseenintwodifferentways.Thefirstdiagramsimplyrecords…Thesecondgraphthrowsanewlighton…Thekeyfindingstakenfromthesurveysareasfollows:…ThistableprovidesseveralimportantpointsofcomparisonbetweenAandB.Writing2Beijing2008OlympicLogo Theemblem,officiallyentitled“ChineseSeal–DancingBeijing”,hasasingleChinesecharacteronatraditionalredChineseseal.Thewords“Beijing2008”arewrittenwithaChinesebrushbelowit.ThefigureinthelogoresemblesarunnerordancerandtheChinesecharacter“jing”whichmeans“capital”. Theimagecarriesthemessagethattoday’sChinaisnotonlyanationwithalongandglorioushistory,butalsoonefullofmoderndynamics. DancingBeijingisajourneytothefuture,theemblemforChinamovingtowardsthe2008OlympicGames.Itrepresentstheheartofanancientcultureembracingthemodernworld,thespiritofapeoplemovingtowardsanewdestiny.Itcapturesthesoulofacityintransformationanditsmotionconveysamessageofhope,joy,andunity. DancingBeijingisasymbolofthecity’spromisetomaketheGamesasuccessandtobeunlikeanytheworldhasknown.TheChinesesealofDancingBeijingisapromiserootedinhonourandtrust,characterandtruth. DancingBeijingisthecity’ssignature.TheancientartofcalligraphyexpressesthegraceandcharacteroftheChineseandthecharmandbeautyoftheirtraditions.TheimageofBeijing’sOlympics,inspiredbytheancientfigureforBeijing,turnsthecityintoadancingathleteinthegracefulsweepofthecalligrapher’shand. DancingBeijingisthecolourofChina.RedisthemostsignificantcolourinChineseculture’ssymbolofluck,ofcelebrationandofnewbeginnings.Thedepthofitsmeaningequalsthedepthofitsbeauty. DancingBeijingrepresentsthespiritoftheindividual.ItisthesymbolforeveryOlympian,everyperformer,everyvolunteerandeveryspectator.Armsflungwide,itinvitesallpeopleandtheworldtoshareinthecity’shistory,beauty,energy,anditsfuture. DancingBeijingisintheformofthedragon,theancientsymbolofChineseculturethathasbothbeautyandmajesty.ItsymbolizesabindingofthefireandlightoftheChinesepeople,thepowertothepromise. DancingBeijingisaninvitation,ahandextendedinwelcometoChina’scelebration.TheGamesareheldinthehopeofunitinghumanityasneverbefore.Theyareagestureoffriendshipandhopethatthecommunityofnationswilluniteinpeacethroughsport.Writing3OnOverseasStudy有人认为出国留学是个人发展的最佳选择；也有人坚持在国内也能实现自己的理想；我的看法。Whenitcomestothechoiceofwhethertostudyabroadorathome,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.Someseemoreadvantagestooverseasstudy,whileothersbelievethatthedisadvantagesoutweighitsadvantages.Withthedeepeningofreformandopening-upofourcountry,manypeoplecangoabroadforfurtherstudy.Theyinsistthattherearemoremodernresearchfacilities,worldfamousprofessorsandexcellentenvironmentinsomeforeigncollegesanduniversities,whichlayaperfectfoundationfortheirfuturedevelopment.However,therearestillmanypeoplewhofavorstudyingathome.Theyarguethat,foronething,studyingabroadistooexpensiveandthereforedoesn’tpayoff.Foranother,therearenolanguageandculturalbarriersiftheystudyinourcountry.Justastheoldsayinggoes,“Everyadvantagehasitsdisadvantage,”soIbelievebothopinionsareacceptableinsomesense.Ifstudentshavethechancesandfinancialresources,theyshouldseizetheopportunitytogoabroadandbroadentheireyes.Ontheotherhand,ifconditionsdon’tpermit,theycanpursuetheirstudiesattopuniversitiesinourcountry.Whatcountsisnottheplacewheretheystudy,butwhattheycanlearn.UsefulExpressionsandStructures:1.表达比较1)Thesameistrueof…,Thesamecanbesaidof…2)Justas…,so…3)AsistoBwhat/asCistoDBookistothemindwhat/asfoodistothebody.4)AandBhavesomethingincommon5)AissimilartoBinthat…6)Like…7)ComparedwithA,B…2.表达对比1)Unlike…2)AdiffersfromBinthat…3)AisjusttheoppositetoB3．表达权衡1)AissuperiortoBbecause/inthat…/inthefollowingaspects.2)Theadvantagesof…outweighthedisadvantages3)…variesfrompersontoperson4)Nothingcanrival…Nothingcanrivalthepleasurefromtalkingtoagoodfriend.5)AbenefitspeopleinthefollowingwayswhileBbringsalotofharm.6)beofgreatbenefitto…,doalotofgoodto…,begoodfor…,dodamageto…,doharmto…7)notsomuch…as…Thereasonfortherapidincreaseinpopulationisnotsomuchariseinbirthrateasafallindeathrate.Writing4HowCanLaid-offWorkersFindNewJobs?很多下岗工人很难找到新的工作。如何帮助他们。ModelComposition:ThemarketeconomyhasbroughtChinabothbenefitsandheadaches,oneofwhichistheproblemoffindingnewjobsforlaid-offworkers.Thereisnodenyingthatserioussocialproblemswillariseunlessthisproblemisproperlysolved.Asaresult,itisessentialtoexplorewaystogetlaid-offworkersbacktowork.Seriousastheproblemseems,wecanfindsomesolutionstoit.Tobeginwith,priorityshouldbegiventotheexpansionoftertiaryindustry(第三产业)becausetertiaryindustrycancreateagreatnumberofpositionswithfewrestrictionsonage,education,skill,etc.Also,littlecapitalisneededtosetupenterprisesinthisfield.Inaddition,thelaid-offworkershavetoupdatetheirskillstomeetthedemandsofthesociety,justastheoldsayinggoes,“Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.”Lastbutnotleast,theyshouldstoprelyingonthestateandthrowawayanyworriesabouttheir“face”whiledoing“low”jobssuchaswashingdishesatrestaurantsorsendingnewspaperstohouseholds.Oncethehabitofdependencyiscracked,thenthecountrycanmakeotherpolicychangesaimedatimprovingtheirlivingstandards.第一段介绍问题可以用：Whenitcomestotheproblem…/Asregards…/Withregardto…Asfarassomethingisconcerned…/Asto…/Asfor…peopleholdoppositeviewsontheproblemof…/people’sopinionsdiffer…/differentpeoplehavedifferentviews…AccordingtoarecentsurveybyBeijingYouthDaily/ChinaDaily/HubeiDaily…Thisisaproblemeveryoneofusshouldgivemorethoughtto.在第二段关于问题的原因时，可以用：Thosewhoagreewiththefirstpointofviewhavetheirarguments…Thosewhoopposetheideahavetheirreasons…Intheeyesofthefirstgroupofpeople…Asfarasthefirstgroupofpeopleareconcerned,theymaintain…Thesecondgroupofpeoplearguethat…On(the)onehand…Ontheotherhand…/Inthefirstplace…Inthesecondplace…Lastbutnottheleastimportant…/Tobeginwith…Inaddition…Intheend…第三段结尾的常用句型有：Whateverthereason,theproblemof…hasbecomeacripplingforcetothedevelopmentofourcountry.Despiteallthedifficulties,wemustsolvetheproblematanycost.Thesolvingoftheproblemof…needstheeffortsfromboththegovernmentandeverycitizenofthesociety.Nodoubtthisproblemhasbecomeanobstacletoourdevelopment.However,itmustbesolvedwiththejointeffortsofthegovernmentandthegeneralpublic.Tosolvetheproblem,peoplehavecomeupwithvariousmethodsaslistedbelow…Firstofall…Furthermore…Finally…/Foronething…Foranother…Justasacoinhastwosides,…hasbothitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Therefore,weshouldmakefulluseofitsadvantagesandtrytoavoiditsdisadvantages.Inmyopinion,thebestchoiceisto…Thebestsolution,asIknow,shouldbe…“Wellbegunishalfdone.”Ifwetrytosolvetheproblemasearlyaspossible,wewillbeabletonipitinthebud.Writing5CanComputersReplaceTeachersinEnglishTeaching?计算机及多媒体技术在大学英语课堂上使用越来越广泛。老师和计算机相比的好处。计算机是否能在将来取代老师？为什么？Nowadayscomputer-aidedinstructionisgettingmoreandmorepopularonthecampusthroughouttheworld,especiallyinteachingEnglish.MoreandmorestudentstendtolearnEnglishindependentlywiththehelpofmultimedialearningsoftware.Theyclaimthattheyhavemorefreedomoflearningwhatevertheylikeattheirownpace,withbotheaseandcare.What’smore,computer-aidedinstructionisanoriginalwayoflearning,whichcanarousestudents’interest.Howeversomepeoplebelievethatteacherscanbetterhelpstudentslearnknowledgeandacquireskills.Theyarguethat,foronething,studentscannottalktomachines.ItgoeswithoutsayingthattolearnEnglishbetter,studentsshouldtalktoteachersandgetintouchwiththem.Foranother,teacherscannotsupervisestudents,thussomestudentsspendtheprecioustimenotonEnglish,butonnet-chattingorbrowsingpornwebsites.AsfarasIamconcerned,computerscannotreplaceteachersinEnglishteachingbecausestudentsneedtocontacthumanbeings,notmachines.Atthesametime,the