上海市2019年高考英语模拟试题7（含解析）

上海市2019年高考英语模拟试题7（含解析）I.ListeningprehensionSectionA(10%)Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation，aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper，anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Awaitress. B.Anactress. C.Apolicewoman. D.Adriver.【答案】C【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。2.A.Inafurniturestore. B.Inarestaurant.C.Atabank. D.Inafactory.【答案】B【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。3.A.Thegoodweathertomorrow. B.Thevacationplan.C.Gettingupearlyinthemorning. D.Thepossibleheavytraffic.【答案】B【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。4.A.100dollars. B.200dollars. C.300dollars. D.400dollars.【答案】A【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。5.A.Sheworksinaverynicerestaurant.B.Restaurantfoodisdirtyandhasmadeherill.C.Herjobinvolvesalotofbusinessdinners.D.Shefeelstiredwhenpreparingmealsathome.【答案】C【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。6.A.Sheisathomenow. B.Sheisatouristthere.C.Shelostherhotelcard. D.Shedoesn’tknowtheman.【答案】B【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。7.A.Heisaskingforleave. B.Heisaskingforreasons.C.Heisquittinghisjob. D.Heisinvestingtimeandmoney.【答案】C【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。8.A.ShewouldratherstayathomelisteningtoCDs.B.ShelikestolistentonewmusicCDs.C.ShewantsthemantobuyCDsforher.D.ShecangetnewmusicCDsforfree.【答案】B【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。9.A.NextTuesday. B.NextWednesday. C.NextThursday. D.NextFriday.【答案】A【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。10.A.China. B.France. C.Italy. D.Japan.【答案】A【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。SectionB(15%)Directions:InSectionB,youwillhearseverallongerconversation(s)andshortpassage(s),andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachoftheconversation(s)andthepassage(s).Theconversation(s)andthepassage(s)willbereadtwice，butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Arentalapartmentusuallyhasakitchenandabathroom.B.Rentalapartmentshavenomorethantwobedrooms.C.Oneroomapartmentsaretoosmalltohaveabathroom.D.Alivingroomisessentialforalltherentalapartments12.A.Accordingtothenumberofbedrooms.B.Thepricesofallhousesorapartmentsarefixed.C.Basedonthelocationandthequality.D.Theownersdecidethepricesthemselves.13.A.Securitydepositisequaltotwomonths’rent.B.Itcostsyouamonth’srenttorepairthedamage.C.Youarerequiredbylawtopayrentforafullyear.D.Youcanrenewtheagreementbyreducingtherent.【答案】11.A12.C13.A【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Bystayingalerttoseesomethinghappeninginnature.B.Bypossessingtwoessentialcharacteristicsofgreatphysicists.C.Bytotallyunderstandingthetrickymakeupoftheworld.D.Bysucceedingintransferringtheskillsintothewidersocialarea.15.A.Hiscontributionshaveadvancedprogressinthesociety.B.Hesuggestedandcreatedmanymodernpowersystems.C.Helaidoutimportantprinciplesinhisscientificworks.D.Hiscontributedtohelpingpeopleevolveandsurvive.16.A.Developtheobservationofnaturalphenomena.B.Helphumankindtosurviveintheworld.C.Driveimportantchangestothesociety.D.Inspiremanyothergreatphysicists.【答案】14.D15.B16.B【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.17.A.Draw. B.Foldpaper. C.Sing. D.Tellstories.18.A.Attheageoffour. B.Attheageoffive.C.Attheageofsix. D.Attheageofseven.【答案】17.B18.B【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.19.A.Hiscollegelifeistooboring.B.Someprinciplesofsciencearetoodifficultforhimtounderstand.C.Studentscan’tquitefollowhisteaching.D.Hecan’tconcentratewhentalkingaboutsomebasics.20.A.Freshmenareusuallyhighlymotivated.B.JaneWhiteteacheschemistryincollege.C.Susanispopularwithherstudents.D.Themanwilltrysomethingnew.【答案】19.C20.D【解析】【原文】此题为听力题，解析略。II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA(10%)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswith,agivenword，fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword；fortheotherblanks，useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Whatisaninsect?Insectsofallkindshaveexistedonearthformillionsofyears.Sometimeswethinkofallinsectsaspests.Humanlife,however,wouldhaveadifficulttimecontinuingwithoutinsects,___21___theypollinateplantsandareafoodsourceformanyanimals.Besides,insects,especiallythesocial___22___，arefascinating.Oneveryinterestingandusefulsocialinsectisthehoneybee.Bees___23___(consider)socialinsectsbecausetheyliveandworktogether.Thebeelivesinabeehivewithotherworkerbees,andwiththequeen,whocanlaythousandsofeggsaday.Theworkerbeesmakewaxused___24___(create)newcellsinsidethehive.Humansusethisvaluablebeeswax___25___candles，cosmetics,expensivefurniturepolish,andotherproducts.Theyalsoproducehoney,avaluablefoodforhumans(aswellasforbees).Anotherfascinatingsocialinsectis___26___ant.Manytypesofantsliveincoloniesunderground.Therethousandsofthembuildandmaintaintheir“city”.Theyalsocooperatetoprovidefood,sometimesinamannerthatlookslikehuman.Forexample,someantsactuallyraisetheirownfood.Onetypeofant“farmer”keepsandcaresfortinyinsectsthatsucksweetsap(汁液)fromplants.Antfarmersmilkthemfromthesap,justlikeactualfarmersmilkcows.Thesapisthengivenasfoodtoyoungantsandtothequeen,___27___maindutyistolayeggs.Anothertypeofantthatproducesitsownfooddoessobygardening.Thesefarmerantstakepiecesofleavesintothecolonyandchewthemup.Thesoft，___28___(chew)upleavesthensprout(涌出)afungusthattheworkerantsusetofeedthequeenandyoungants.Therearemanyotherwaysthatantscooperatetomaintainandprotecttheircolonies.Therearealsomanyotherkindsofsocialinsects.___29___makesthemallsofascinatingistheirorganization.___30___eachinsecthascertaintaskstoperform,theentirehiveorcolonyappearstofunctionasonelivingorganism.【答案】21.because22.ones23.areconsidered24.tocreate25.in26.the27.whose28.chewed29.What30.Although【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。各种各样的昆虫在地球上已经存在了数百万年。有时我们认为所有的昆虫都是害虫。然而，如果没有昆虫，人类的生活将难以继续，因为昆虫为植物授粉，是许多动物的食物来源。此外，昆虫，尤其是社会性的昆虫，是令人着迷的。文章介绍了蜜蜂和蚂蚁两种社会性昆虫的组织结构。【21题详解】考查连接词。句意：然而，如果没有昆虫，人类的生活将难以继续，因为昆虫为植物授粉，是许多动物的食物来源。本句为原因状语从句，表示“因为”故填because。【22题详解】考查代词。句意：此外，昆虫，尤其是社会性的昆虫，是令人着迷的。此处指代上文insects，表示泛指，且为复数，故填ones。【23题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：蜜蜂被认为是群居昆虫，因为它们生活和工作在一起。本句主语与谓语动词构成被动，且时态为一般现在时，主语为复数，故填areconsidered。【24题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：工蜂用蜂蜡在蜂巢内制造新细胞。本句中create做非谓语动词，表目的，故填不定式tocreate。【25题详解】考查介词。句意：人类在蜡烛、化妆品、昂贵的家具上光剂和其他产品中使用这种珍贵的蜂蜡。根据句意可知表示“在……之中”应填介词in。【26题详解】考查冠词。句意：另一种有趣的社会性昆虫是蚂蚁。ant为可数名词，此处表示特指“蚂蚁”这种社会性昆虫，故填定冠词the。【27题详解】考查定语从句连接词。句意：然后汁液被作为食物喂给年轻的蚂蚁和蚁后，蚁后的主要职责是产卵。本句为定语从句修饰先行词thequeen，且先行词在从句中做定语，故填关系代词whose。【28题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些柔软的、被咀嚼过的叶子会长出一种真菌，工蚁用它来喂养蚁后和幼蚁。本句中chew做非谓语动词与逻辑主语leaves构成被动，故用过去分词chewed。【29题详解】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：让他们如此迷人的是他们的组织。本句为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，故填What。【30题详解】考查状语从句连接词。句意：尽管每只昆虫都有特定的任务要完成，但整个蜂房或蜂群似乎是一个活的有机体。本句为让步状语从句，表示“虽然；尽管”且位于句首，故填Although。【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。如第九小题，考查名词性从句连接词。句意：让他们如此迷人的是他们的组织。本句为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，故填What。SectionB(10%)Directions:pletethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.imbalanceB.cultivatingC.motivationD.criticizeE.qualityF.fullyG.definiteH.significantlyI.geneticJ.lackedK.strengthenSomepersonalcharacteristicsplayavitalroleinthedevelopmentofone’sintelligence.Aftera30yearfollowupstudyof8,000males,Americanpsychologistsfoundoutthatthemaincauseofdisparitiesinintelligenceisnotintelligenceitself,butnonintelligencefactors.Thesocalled“nonintelligencefactors”includeone’sfeelings,will,___31___,interestsandhabits.Thoughpeopleallknowthatoneshouldhave___32___objectives,astrongwillandgoodlearninghabits,quiteanumberofteachersandparentsdon’tpaymuchattentionto___33___thesefactors.Someparentsaregreatlyworriedwhentheirchildrenfailtodowellintheirstudies.Theyblameeither___34___factors,malnutrition,orlaziness,buttheynevertakeintoconsiderationthesenonintelligencefactors.Atthesametime,someteachersdon’tinquireintotheseasreasonswhystudentsdopoorly.Theysimplygivethemmorecoursesandexercises,oreven___35___orlaughatthem.Afterall,thesestudentsloseselfconfidence.Someofthemjustfeeldefeatedandgivethemselvesupashopeless.Othersmaygoastraybecausetheyaresickoflearning.Aninvestigationofmorethan1，000middleschoolstudentsinShanghaishowedthat46.5percentofthemwereafraidoflearningbecauseofexaminationand36.4percent___36___persistence,initiativeandconscientiousness.Itisclearthatthelackofcultivationofnonintelligencefactorshasbeenamainobstacletointelligencedevelopmentinteenagers.Itevencausesa(n)___37___betweenphysiologicalandpsychologicaldevelopmentamongafewstudents.Ifwedon'tstartnowto___38___thecultivationofnonintelligencefactors,itwillnotonlyobstructthedevelopmentoftheintelligenceofteenagers,butalsoaffectthe___39___ofawholegeneration.Someexpertshaveputforwardsuggestionsabouthowtocultivatestudents’nonintelligencefactors.First,parentsandteachersshould___40___understandteenagepsychology.Onthisbasic,theycanhelpthemtopursuetheobjectivesoflearning,excitingtheirinterestsandtougheningtheirwillpower.【答案】31.C32.G33.B34.I35.D36.J37.A38.K39.E40.F【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文说明了非智力因素对人们的影响。研究表明,非智力因素的缺乏培养已经成为青少年智力发展的主要障碍。它甚至在少数学生中造成生理和心理发展的不平衡。如果加强非智力因素的培养，不仅会阻碍青少年智力的发展，还会影响整个一代人的素质。一些专家提出了建议家长和老师应该充分了解青少年的心理。在此基础上，他们可以帮助他们追求学习的目标，激发他们的兴趣，磨练他们的意志力。【31题详解】考查名词。句意：所谓的“非智力因素”包括一个人的情感、意志、动机、兴趣和习惯。根据句意可知表示“动机”应填名词motivation。故选C。【32题详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然人们都知道，一个人应该有明确的目标，坚强的意志和良好的学习习惯，相当多的老师和家长不重视培养这些因素。根据句意修饰名词objectives应用形容词definite“明确的；一定的”，故选G。【33题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然人们都知道，一个人应该有明确的目标，坚强的意志和良好的学习习惯，相当多的老师和家长不重视培养这些因素。to为介词后跟动名词做宾语，表示“培养”，故填cultivating。故选B。【34题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们将其归咎于基因因素、营养不良或懒惰，但他们从未考虑过这些非智力因素。根据句意修饰名词factors应用形容词genetic，表示“基因的”，故选I。【35题详解】考查动词。句意：他们只是给他们更多的课程和练习，甚至批评或嘲笑他们。根据下文laughatthem可知是批评或嘲讽，故填criticize“批评”，故选D。【36题详解】考查动词。句意：一项对上海1000多名中学生的调查显示，46.5%的中学生因考试而害怕学习，36.4%的中学生缺乏毅力、主动性和自觉性。根据句意可知表示“缺乏”，时态为一般过去时，故填lacked。故选J。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：它甚至在少数学生中造成生理和心理发展的不平衡。根据上文an可知填名词imbalance，表示“不平衡”，故选A。【38题详解】考查动词。句意：如果我们现在不开始加强非智力因素的培养，不仅会阻碍青少年智力的发展，还会影响整个一代人的素质。根据句意可知表示“巩固；加强”应填动词strengthen。故选K。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：如果我们现在不开始加强非智力因素的培养，不仅会阻碍青少年智力的发展，还会影响整个一代人的素质。根据句意可知表示“素质”应填名词quality。故选E。【40题详解】考查副词。句意：首先，家长和老师应该充分了解青少年的心理。修饰动词understand应用副词，且表示“充分地；完全地”故填fully。故选F。III.ReadingprehensionSectionA(15%)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblank"withthewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionsaysthatover50,000peopleeveryyearsustainsomesortofwinterrelatedbackinjury，and5，800ofthoseareholidaydecorating___41___.Theseachesandpainscan___42___bringtroubletopeople’slife.Itissaidthatpeople’sbackcouldsustainallsortsofstrainfromcarryingheavy___43___，andfromtheincreasedstressofluggingsuitcases,decorationsandgifts.Dr.AlannaLevinespoketoDebbyeTurnerBellon“TheEarlyShow”abouthowto___44___thebackfortheholidayseason.Thefirst___45___Dr.Levinegavewasaboutcarryingheavyshoppingbags.Smallerbags,shesaid,arebetter.“Youdon’twanttoloadeverythingupintoonebagandlugitaround,”Dr.Levineexplained.“Youwantto___46___theweightonyourbody.”Shealso___47___puttingheavieritemstowardsthebottominthosebagsandlighteritemsontop.Also,ifyoucan,makefrequenttripstothecartodrop___48___purchases.___49___canbeanotherpainintheback—fromcarryingheavyluggage.Again,Dr.Levine___50___nottopackeverythingintoonebag.Eventhoughitmaycostmore,shesaidthatpackingtwosmallerbagsissaferthanpackingaheavyone.Also,choosealightweightbag,sothattheonlyweightyou’recarryingisthe___51___insidethesuitcase.Whenunloadingbagsfromanairportbaggageclaim,Dr.Levinesuggestedstanding___52___tothecarousel(圆盘传送带)andbendingyourkneestoliftitup.“Youwanttoavoidthatreachandlift.Itputsa(n)___53___onyourlowerback,”shesaid.Whenit___54___holidaydecorating,peopletakemore___55___.Dr.Levinesuggesteddecoratinginpairs,sothatonepersoncanhandthelightsandornamentstotheotherpersontohang,thusavoidingreachingortwistingtogetwhatyouneed.41.A.kept B.stayed C.related D.connected42.A.necessarily B.undoubtedly C.vitally D.blindly43.A.products B.purchases C.tools D.cases44.A.provide B.prevent C.preserve D.protect45.A.tip B.way C.method D.step46.A.display B.distribute C.distract D.discuss47.A.refused B.recognized C.rejected D.remended48.A.on B.in C.off D.out49.A.Travel B.Housework C.Task D.Labor50.A.considered B.thought C.wished D.stressed51.A.contracts B.contests C.contents D.contexts52.A.separately B.close C.apart D.far53.A.burden B.impression C.pressure D.focus54.A.seemsto B.goesto C.speaksto D.esto55.A.time B.risks C.efforts D.effect【答案】41.C42.B43.B44.D45.A46.B47.D48.C49.A50.D51.C52.B53.A54.D55.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，每年有超过5万人遭受某种与冬季有关的背部损伤，其中5800人与节日装饰有关。这些病痛无疑会给人们的生活带来麻烦。因此AlannaLevine博士在“TheEarlyShow”节目中向DebbyeTurnerBell讲述了如何在假期保护背部的方法建议。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，每年有超过5万人遭受某种与冬季有关的背部损伤，其中5800人与节日装饰有关。A.kept保持；B.stayed停留；C.related有关；D.connected连接。根据句意表示“与……有关”故选C。【42题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这些病痛无疑会给人们的生活带来麻烦。A.necessarily必要地；B.undoubtedly确实地；无疑；C.vitally极其；D.blindly盲目地。病痛肯定会给人们带来麻烦。故选B。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说，人们的背部承受着各种各样的压力，包括搬运沉重的物品，以及不断增加的拖箱子、装饰品和礼物的压力。A.products产品；B.purchases所购物；物品；C.tools工具；D.cases情况。根据下文luggingsuitcases,decorationsandgifts可知都是购买的物品，故选B。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：AlannaLevine博士在“TheEarlyShow”节目中向DebbyeTurnerBell讲述了如何在假期保护背部。A.provide提供；B.prevent阻止；C.preserve保存；D.protect保护。根据下文theback可知是保护背部，故选D。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Levine博士给出的第一个建议是提沉重的购物袋。A.tip建议；B.way道路；C.method方法；D.step脚步。根据下文可知是给出的建议。故选A。【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：莱文博士解释说:“你不会想把所有东西都装进一个袋子，然后拖来拖去。”“你想把重量分配到你的身体上。”A.display展示；B.distribute分配；C.distract分心；D.discuss讨论。根据下文puttingheavieritemstowardsthebottominthosebagsandlighteritemsontop可知是在分配物品的重量。故选B。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还建议将较重的物品放在包的底部，将较轻的物品放在顶部。A.refused拒绝；B.recognized认识；C.rejected不同意；D.remended推荐；建议。根据上文可知是在提出建议，故选D。【48题详解】考查介词搭配。句意：此外，如果可以的话，经常开车来减少东西。A.on在上面；B.in在里面；C.off脱离；D.out向外。短语dropoff“减少”。故选C。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：旅行可能是另一种搬运沉重行李造成的背部疼痛。A.Travel旅行；B.Housework家务劳动；C.Task任务；D.Labor劳动。根据下文luggage可知是旅行。故选A。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：莱文博士再次强调，不要把所有东西都装在一个袋子里。A.considered考虑；B.thought认为；C.wished希望；D.stressed强调。根据句意可知选D。【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：另外，选择一个轻便的包，这样你携带的唯一重量就是行李箱里的东西。A.contracts合同；B.contests竞赛；C.contents目录；东西；D.contexts上下文语境。本句中content表示“东西；物品”。故选C。【52题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：莱文博士建议，在机场行李提取处取行李时，站在传送带附近，弯曲膝盖把行李抬起来。A.separately分别地；B.close紧密地；靠近地；C.apart与众不同地；D.far远地。根据句意可知此处表示“站的离传送带近一些”，故选B。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你想要避免那种触手可及的感觉。它给你的下背部增加了负担。A.burden负担；B.impression印象；C.pressure压力；D.focus中心。减少背部疼痛就是不能给背部增加负担，故选A。【54题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：说到节日装饰，人们会冒更多的风险。A.seemsto似乎；B.goesto到；C.speaksto对……说话；D.esto说起；想起。固定短语whenitesto…“当说到……”。故选D。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：说到节日装饰，人们会冒更多的风险。A.time时间；B.risks风险；C.efforts努力；D.effect影响。根据上文winterrelatedbackinjury,and5800ofthoseareholidaydecoratingrelated.可知许多背部受伤都是和节日装饰有关，因此人们在节日装饰时要冒更多的背部受伤风险。故选B。【点睛】完形填空故事类短文阅读是记叙文体的一种，主要描写一个故事发生的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。解这类时要注意：1.掌握几种逻辑关系词考生在做这类题目是一定要很好地把握上下文逻辑关系，掌握常见的几种表示转折、让步、条件、因果、并列等逻辑关系的词，再根据上下文语境判断出最佳答案。2.准确把握逻辑关系考生在做题过程中需要留意上下文，正确把握上下文之间的逻辑关系。逻辑关系涉及时间、条件、原因、转折等几个方面。正确理解文章的内容并把握逻辑关系有助于考生准确地解答试题。如第15小题，根据上文winterrelatedbackinjury,and5800ofthoseareholidaydecoratingrelated.可知许多背部受伤都是和节日装饰有关，因此人们在节日装饰时要冒更多背部受伤风险。故选B。3.仔细体会作者的思想情感在解题过程中，考生要仔细体会作者所要表达的思想情感，不能按自己的想法去揣测文章中人物的心理活动。SectionB(22%)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)OneofthemanyinterestingfeaturesofAmericansocietyistheprestigegrantedtobusinessinstitutions.Theirstatusisarguablygreaterthanthatofanyotherkindoforganizationincluding,orperhapsespecially,thegovernment.WhatexactlyisitaboutAmericansthatmakesthemplacebusinessonsuchahighsociallevelandadmirethesuccessfulbusinesspersonsoopenly?OnepossibleexplanationcouldbethatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheconceptofpetitionthanotherinstitutionsintheirsociety.Fairandopenpetitionisanideallongcherished,onecouldevensaydeeprootedinAmericanpoliticalandeconomiclife.Itisseenasthesourceofprogress,prosperityandopportunity.Infact,intheAmericanpsyche,theimportanceoffreepetitiongoesevendeeperthanthat；freepetitionisthemeansbywhichotherdefiningvaluessuchasdemocracyandindividuallibertyareachievedandensured.InAmericaneyes,petitionprotectsthefreedomoftheindividualbyensuringthatthereisnomonopolyofpower,eithereconomicorpolitical.Asinpolitics,wherethegovernmentisdividedintobranches,eachwithpowersthatoffsetthoseoftheothers,businessespeteagainsteachotherforprofits.Theideabeingthatifonebusinesstriestotakeunfairadvantageofitscustomers,itwilllosetopetitorswhotreattheircustomersmorefairly.Intheory,wheremanybusinessespeteforthecustomers'dollars，theinterestsoftheconsumerwillbeparamount.petitioninbusinessisalsobelievedtostrengthentheAmericanidealofequalityofopportunity.Itisseenasanopenandbeneficialcontestwheresuccessgoestothefittest；tothosemostdeservingofit.petitivesuccessismonlyseenastheAmericanalternativetosocialrankbasedoninheritedstatus.InAmerica,acplishmentinbusinessandtheaccumulationofwealthandpowertherebyisviewedinthesamelightasanaristocraticancestryoncewasintheOldWorld.56.Accordingtothepassage,businessachievementinAmerica__________.A.islosingtherespectofthesocietyB.hasalwaysbeenhighlyregardedC.issecondonlytopublicserviceinsocialstatusD.hasbeenvieweddifferentlyovertheyears57..IntheAmericanview,whobenefitsfrombusinesspetition?A.Thewealthy. B.Thegovernment.C.Thedishonestbusinessman. D.Thesocietyasawhole.58.Governmentandbusinessaresaidtobesimilarforwhatreason?A.Bothareconsidereduntrustworthy. B.Bothprimarilybenefitthewealthy.C.Botharebasedonpetition. D.Bothhaveamonopolyonpower.59.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutwhatAmericansbelieve?A.petitionisgenerallyfair.B.petitionshouldbelimitedtobusiness.C.petitionshouldberegulatedbythegovernment.D.petitiondoesnotbenefitthepoor.【答案】56.B57.D58.C59.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。描述了美国社会赋予商业机构的声望，美国人把商业放在如此高的社会地位，如此公开地钦佩成功的商人。其原因是商业竞争被视为整个社会进步、繁荣和机遇的源泉。并且政府和企业相似也是因为两者都基于竞争。商业竞争也被认为强化了美国的机会平等的理想。它被视为一场开放而有益的竞赛，成功属于适者生存;献给那些最值得的人。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中OneofthemanyinterestingfeaturesofAmericansocietyistheprestigegrantedtobusinessinstitutions.Theirstatusisarguablygreaterthanthatofanyotherkindoforganizationincluding,orperhapsespecially,thegovernment.（美国社会的许多有趣特征之一，就是赋予商业机构的声望。他们的地位可以说比任何其他类型的组织都高，尤其包括政府。）可知商业成就在美国一直被高度重视。故选B。【57题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中Itisseenasthesourceofprogress,prosperityandopportunity.Infact,intheAmericanpsyche,theimportanceoffreepetitiongoesevendeeperthanthat;freepetitionisthemeansbywhichotherdefiningvaluessuchasdemocracyandindividuallibertyareachievedandensured.（它被视为进步、繁荣和机遇的源泉。事实上，在美国人的心理中，自由竞争的重要性远不止于此;自由竞争是实现和确保民主和个人自由等其他确定价值的手段。）可知商业竞争被认为是社会进步、繁荣和机遇的源泉，因此可推断整个社会会从商业竞争中受益。故选D。【58题详解】细节理解题。第三段第二句Asinpolitics,wherethegovernmentisdividedintobranches,eachwithpowersthatoffsetthoseoftheothers,businessespeteagainsteachotherforprofits.（就像在政治领域，政府被划分为多个分支机构，每个分支机构的权力与其他分支机构的权力相抵消，企业之间为了利润而相互竞争。）可知政府和企业相似是因为两者都基于竞争。故选C。【59题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中Fairandopenpetitionisanideallongcherished,onecouldevensaydeeprootedinAmericanpoliticalandeconomiclife.（公平、公开的竞争是一种长期珍视的理想，甚至可以说深深植根于美国政治和经济生活之中。）可推断出美国人信仰竞争一般是公平的。故选A。(B)To:DavidRodgersFrom:MavisChenSubject:gettingbackouroldsubscribersSincethemarketingmeetingyesterday,itoccurredtomethatwemightbeignoringonepotentiallyimportantsourceofsubscribers.WehavefocusedsointentlyonhowtoexpandtheappealofourproducttogroupsthathaveneveruseditbeforethatI’mafraidwemayhaveoverlookedtheobvious；wemayhaveforgottenthatthereisawholegroupofinterestedpeoplewhohaveuseditandstoppedforonereasonoranother.Thistargetgrouphasparticularlygoodpotentialbecauseitconsistsofreaderswhohavedemonstratedinterestinthesubjectmatterwepresent.Theirinterestisnotsomethingwehavetoworktostimulate.Isuggestthatmakingamaximumefforttowinthesereadersbackwillbemoreeffectiveonapercentagebasisthanpursuingsomeoftheothergroupswe’veidentified.Sincethesereadersquitusingourproductonce,theyweremostlikelydissatisfiedwithsomeaspectofourpresentationorourpricing.Ournewproductwillbevastlyimprovedovertheoldversionandispricedmorepetitively.Weneedtodoeverythingpossibletogetthosepointsacross,perhapsbysendingthemafreeissueandbyaskingfortheiropinionsonhowwemightimproveitevenfurther.Thiscouldbeintheformofaveryshortsurvey,eitherincludedwiththefreeissueoraccessibleonline.Ifyouthinkthisideahasmeritandmightbewillingtoauthorizeit,let’sdiscussitfurtherwhenyou’vegotafewspareminutes.IhavearoughdraftofthesurveyquestionsIcouldshowyou.60.Whatkindofproductisthewriterreferringtointhememo?A.Awebbasedinformationservice. B.Amagazine.C.Aconsultingservice. D.putersoftware.61.Whyisthewriterconfidentthattheycanwinbacktheiroldcustomers?A.Theirproducthasnopetition.B.Theirproducthaschangeddramatically.C.TheyhavereducedthepriceoftheirproductD.Theneedfortheirproducthasincreased.62.Whatdoesthewriterwanttodo?A.Startherplanimmediately. B.Waitforinputfromthesurvey.C.GetMr.Rodgers’approval. D.Presentherideainthenextmeeting.【答案】60.B61.B62.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。这是一封MavisChen写给DavidRodgers先生关于改进杂志以赢得老客户的电子邮件。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Thistargetgrouphasparticularlygoodpotentialbecauseitconsistsofreaderswhohavedemonstratedinterestinthesubjectmatterwepresent.（这个目标群体具有特别好的潜力，因为它由对我们提出的主题表现出兴趣的读者组成。）中reader“读者”可知作者在备忘录中提到的产品是一本杂志。故选B。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Ournewproductwillbevastlyimprovedovertheoldversionandispricedmorepetitively.（我们的新产品将比旧产品有很大的改进，价格也更有竞争力。）可知作者相信他们能赢回老客户是因为他们的产品发生了巨大的变化。故选B。【62题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句Ifyouthinkthisideahasmeritandmightbewillingtoauthorizeit,let’sdiscussitfurtherwhenyou’vegotafewspareminutes.（如果您认为这个想法有价值，并且可能愿意批准它，那么当您有几分钟空闲时间时，让我们进一步讨论它。）可知作者希望得到收件人Rodgers先生的批准。故选C。【点睛】细节理解题的解题思路：细节理解题就是我们常见的wh题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节，做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。例如小题1，根据第二段第一句Thistargetgrouphasparticularlygoodpotentialbecauseitconsistsofreaderswhohavedemonstratedinterestinthesubjectmatterwepresent.（这个目标群体具有特别好的潜力，因为它由对我们提出的主题表现出兴趣的读者组成。）中reader“读者”可知作者在备忘录中提到的产品是一本杂志。故选B。(C)Intheworldofentertainment,TVtalkshowshaveundoubtedlyfloodedeveryinchofspaceondaytimetelevision.Andanyonewhowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachonevariesinstyleandformat.Butnotwoshowsaremoreprofoundlyoppositeincontent,whileatthesametimestandingoutabovetherest,thantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshows.JerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingof“trashtalk”.Thetopicsonhisshowareasshockingasshockingcanbe.Forexample,theshowtakestheevermontalkshowthemesoflove,sex,cheating,guilt,hate,conflictandmoralitytoadifferentlevel.Clearly,theJerrySpringershowisadisplayandexploitationofsociety’smoralcatastrophes,yetpeoplearewillingtoeatuptheintriguingpredicamentsofotherpeople’slives.LikeJerrySpringer,OprahWinfreytakesTVtalkshowtoitsextreme,butOprahgoesintheoppositedirection.Theshowfocusesontheimprovementofsocietyandanindividual’squalityoflife.Topicsrangefromteachingyourchildrenresponsibility,managingyourworkweek,togettingtoknowyourneighbors.paredtoOprah,theJerrySpringershowlookslikepoisonouswastebeingdumpedonsociety.Jerryendseveryshowwitha“finalword”.Hemakesasmallspeechthatsumsuptheentiremoraloftheshow.Hopefully,thisisthepartwheremostpeoplewilllearnsomethingveryvaluable.Cleanasitis,theOprahshowisnotforeveryone.Theshow’smaintargetaudiencesaremiddleclassAmericans.Mostofthesepeoplehavethetime，money,andstabilitytodealwithlife’stougherproblems.JerrySpringer,ontheotherhand,hasmoreofanassociationwiththeyoungadultsofsociety.Theseare18to21yearoldswhosemaintroublesinlifeinvolvelove,relationship,sex，moneyandpeers.Theyaretheoneswhoseesomevalueandlessonstobelearnedunderneaththeshow’sexploitation.Whilethetwoshowsareasdifferentasnighta