2023-2024学年译林版选择性必修第一册Unit 3 The art of painting Grammar and usage 学案

第8讲选择性必修一Unit3Grammarandusage目标任务目标任务课程标准学习目标围绕人与社会的主题语境，依托语篇，通过一系列英语学习活动，发展英语学科核心素养。1．在语篇中观察、探究语法现象，自主归纳语法规则，并在新的语境和活动中正确使用语法。2．通过训练与本单元语法相关的练习加强学生的英语运用意识。002预习导学（一）课前阅读：本单元的语法是动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作表语：Verb-ingandverb-edformsaspredicativesBelowisablogentryaboutappreciatingartinthedigitalage.Findthesentencesthatuseverb-ingorverb-edformsaspredicatives.(黄色标注的部分）AsIwanderedintheNationalGallery,Iwasamazedtoseeallthepaintings.I

wonderedattheskilloftheartists,theiruseofcolourandhowtheyplayedwithlightandshade.Iobservedthebrushworktheyusedtoenhancetheirworks.I

enjoyedthewholeexperience—tobeabletobathemysensesinthispalaceofhumancreativity.Itwassurprisingthentoseesomanypeopleviewingimportantandpreciousartworksthroughtheirsmartphones.Itmightsoundshocking,buttheyseemedmoreinterestedintakingphotosandrecordingvideosofartworksthanappreciatingthemwiththeirowneyes.Howwasitpossible,Iwondered,totrulyappreciatethehumantouchofagreatpaintingwhenitwasreducedtoafewmillionpixels?Lookingatartworksthroughsmartphones,Ithought,wasliketryingtoappreciatethecountrysidewithoutbeingabletohearthebirdssing,feelthebreezeagainstmyfaceorsmelltheflowers.MovingslowlythroughtheNationalGallery,Iwasdeterminedtokeepmysmartphoneinmybagandappreciateeachindividualpaintingwiththebestcameraintheworld:myowneyes.①Verb-ingformsaspredicatives例如：Itwassurprisingthen..................可以找出其他类似的句子②Verb-edformsaspredicatives例如：.................,Iwasamazedtoseeallthepaintings.可以找出其他类似的句子Workinpairs,describethepaintingsbelowusingverb-ingandverb-edformsaspredicatives.例如：Thegirlinthefirstpaintingisalittlefrustratedanddepressed.Theflowersinthesecondpaintingseemthrivingandblooming.（二）基础梳理一、动词-ing形式作表语1、动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于名词，用于说明主语的，两者可互换。如：Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsismyhobby.我的爱好是集邮。Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechild.2、动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于形容词，用于说明主语的特征或性质，意为“令人……的”。如：Hissalespitchwassmoothandconvincing.他的推销词流畅又有说服力。Itisverymovingtoseehowmuchstrangerscancareforeachother.看到陌生人之间这般彼此关照，实在令人感动。二、动词-ed形式作表语过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征，多位于系动词之后。这些系动词有be,remain,feel,seem,look,become等。如：Trainfaresarelikelytoremainunchanged.火车票价很可能会保持不变。Sheseemedtotallyabsorbedinherbook.她好像完全被这本书迷住了。三、动词-ing形式作表语和动词-ed形式作表语的区别：英语中有很多与感觉相关的及物动词，动词-ing形式通常意为“令人……的”，多用来形容物；动词-ed形式通常意为“感到……的”，多用来形容人、人的声音或表情等。这类词常见的有：（三）预习作业1.预习本单元Integratedskills&Extendedreading&Project部分的重点词汇和短语2.熟读这部分出现的文章003探究提升环节一变：单句语法填空1.ItisamazingthateverytimeMonetstudiedthissimplescene,hebroughtthepond’sbeautytothecanvasinauniqueway.2.VanGoghbecamedepressedafterhemovedtoLondon.3.HewasveryimpressedbytheartworksofthemasterpainterRembrandtwhenhelaideyesonthem.4.Thejobofworkinginamuseumsoundsboring(bore).5.Iwasdisappointed(disappoint)withthetriptothemuseum.6.ThelectureonWesternArtwasveryinteresting(interest).7.Theartteacherwasnotsatisfied(satisfy)withmyreport.8.Itwasveryamazing(amaze)toknowthathehadbecomeafamousartist.9.Totellthetruth,Istillfeelconfused(confuse)withFrench.10.Itisabitchallenging(challenge)formetotakenotesquicklyandexactlyinclass.11.Howdiscouraging(discourage)itis!12.Sometimes,thenumerousmuseumsinParisalsomakemeataloss,whichisquiteannoying(annoy).环节二变：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的词，如有括号提示，请以提示词的正确形式填空。Now,imaginetheimpactitwouldhaveonyoutosurroundyourselfwithinterestingandpositivepeople.Whensomeonehassomethinginteresting___36___(go)oninhislife,hewakesupinthemorning___37___energyandenthusiasm(热情).Thesearethekindofpeople___38___aregoingtofillyouupwithgreatattitudesandbehavior.Anyonewhoisfollowingtheirdreamshastakenariskhimselfandisconfidentthatthingswillworkoutforhim.Thesepeoplearehopefulabouttheirfuturesandarewillingtodo___39___isnecessarytogetthingsdone.That'stheexactkindofattitudeandbehavioryouneedtobeexposedtoonaregular___40___(base).Asyouwatchhowtheypushthemselvesanddointerestingthings,you___41___(inspire)todosimilarthings.You'llstarttowonderandimagineallthethingsyoucandowithyourownlife.Moreover,interestingpeopletendtofilltheirheadswithnewideasandwaysofseeingtheworld.Astheyexpose___42___(they)tonewbooksandideas,theywillsharethemwithyou.Asyoucansee,socialnorms(规范)formedbygroupshavea___43___(power)influenceoverthetypeofpersonyoubecome.___44___(fortunate),itdoesn'talwayshavetobeabadthing.Ifyoumakesuretosurroundyourselfwithpositiveandinterestingpeople,thereisnotellinghowgreatly_______45_______influencewillshapeyourlife.【答案】going37.with38.who/that39.what/whatever40.basis41.willbeinspired

/areinspired42.themselves43.powerful44.Fortunately45.the环节三变：运用动词ing形式和动词ed形式作表语的语法完成句子我们昨晚看的电影很感人。_______________________________________________【答案】Thefilmwesawlastnightwasverymoving.昨晚我们看的电影深深打动了我。_______________________________________________【答案】Iwasdeeplymovedbythefilmwesawlastnight.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。_______________________________________________【答案】Theywerefrightenedtohearthefrighteningsound.看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动了。_______________________________________________【答案】Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresentweremoved.我的工作就是照看这些孩子。_______________________________________________【答案】Myjobislookingafterthechildren.我的爱好是看电影和听歌。_______________________________________________【答案】Myhobbiesarewatchingfilmsandlisteningtomusic.我们对目前所获得的成就感到满意。_______________________________________________【答案】Wearesatisfiedwiththeachievementswehaveachievedsofar.他看起来对现在的生活方式感到厌倦了。_______________________________________________【答案】Heseemedtiredofthepresentlifestyle.0404体系构建动词ing形式作表语动词ed形式作表语Myhobbyisdoing...........Myhobbyisdoing...........Myjobisdoing..........动词-ing形式通常意为“令人……的”，多用来形容物be,remain,feel,seem,look,become+donebe,remain,feel,seem,look,become+done动词-ed形式通常意为“感到……的”，多用来形容人、人的声音或表情等005记忆清单一、动词-ing形式作表语1.动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于名词，用于说明主语的，两者可互换。2.动词-ing形式作表语有时相当于形容词，用于说明主语的特征或性质，意为“令人……的”。二、动词-ed形式作表语1.过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征，多位于系动词之后。这些系动词有be,remain,feel,seem,look,become等。2.动词-ing形式通常意为“令人……的”，多用来形容物；动词-ed形式通常意为“感到……的”，多用来形容人、人的声音或表情等。00601强化训练一、七选五HowtoReduceGiftWrapWasteWrappingpapermayhave“paper”initsname,butthatdoesn’tautomaticallymeanitcanberecycled.36Trythesesuggestionsforcuttingdowntheamountofwrappingpaperyouthrowaway.Reusewhatyouhave. 37It’sestimatedthattheU.S.produces4.6millionpoundsofwrappingpaperannually,and2.3millionpoundsofthatstaysinpeople’shomes,awaitingreuse.Usedifferentmaterials.38Selectbasicbrownthickpaperthatcanbemadeupwithabow,ribbons,leaves,pineconesormarkers.Repurposenewspapers,oldpostersandchildren’sschoolartworksaswrappingpaper.Thereareplentyofothereco-friendlyalternativestowrappingpaperthatarejustdelightfulandcelebratory.39Usebaskets,fabric,giftboxesorbags,teatowels,andmoretocontainanddisplayyourpresents.LearntheJapaneseartofwrapping,usingbeautifulknots(绳结)tofastencolorful,reusablefabricsinattractiveways.Thisway,you’llhavenowrappingpaperwastetodealwith.Askforbetterpaper.Shopsstorewhatcustomerswant,andrecyclabilityshouldbeatoppriority,soletthatbeknownwhenyou’reoutshopping.AsexplainedbySimonEllin,CEOoftheRecyclingAssociation,atradebodythatrepresentsabout90wastemanagementcompaniesandpapermerchantsintheUnitedKingdom,“It’sacampaignwe’vebeenonallyear—doyoureallyneedtodesignanon-paperwrappingpaper?Makepaperwithrecyclinginmind!”40A.Tryzerowaste.B.Shopwiththatinmind,too.C.Youdon’thavetochooseshiningpapertodecorateapresent.D.Infact,manytypesofwrappingpapercannotduetotheirmaterials.E.F.Wrappingpapercanbeusedmanytimesifcareistakentounwrapitwithouttearing.G.Havingamixofrecyclableandnon-recyclablepapersisarealproblemforcompanies.【答案】36-40DFCAB二、应用文写作假定你是李华，最近在某英文论坛上看到一名叫Jonah的澳大利亚高中生发的帖子，他提到自己想结交一位中国朋友以便学习川剧(SichuanOpera)。请根据所给提示，用英语给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.表达意愿；2.帮助方式；3.期待回复。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearJonah，HownicetoseeyourpostontheInternet!It'sveryinterestingthatyou,anAustralian,showsomuchloveforourlocalpride,SichuanOpera!I'dliketobeyourfriendandhelpyourealizeyourdream,formydadisworkingasanactorinoneoftheSichuanOperatheatersinChengdu.Mydadisopen­mindedaswellaseasy­going.I'msurehecanbehelpful.Asforme,I'maseniorhighschoolstudentasyouare.Ibelievewehavemuchtoshareandcangetalongwellwitheachother.Pleasewritebackassoonaspossiblesothatwecanmakeaplan.Yourssincerely，LiHua三、阅读理解ABenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolookragged(蓬乱).Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.Thecat'slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear,oneofBenjamin'scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版画)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.In1747,whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold,Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(风景)painting.WilliamWilliams,awell­knownpainter,cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,“Thosetwobooksweremycompanionsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine­year­oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Benjamin'svisittoPhiladelphia.B.Williams'influenceonBenjamin.C.ThebeginningofBenjamin'slifeasanartist.D.ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.5.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3suggest?A.Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B.Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C.Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D.Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.6.WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?A.Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B.Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C.HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D.Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.7.Williams'twobookshelpedBenjaminto________．A.mastertheuseofpaintsB.appreciatelandscapepaintingsC.gettoknowotherpaintersD.makeuphismindtobeapainter【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，主要讲了美国绘画之父Benjamin在决定要成为一名画家之前的经历。4.C主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了美国绘画之父Benjamin在成为一名画家之前的生活经历，并介绍了Pennington对Benjamin在绘画道路上的一些帮助，故选C。5.D词义猜测题。根据第三段ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen可知Benjamin在剪完猫的毛做刷子之后，就很快有了真正的刷子，故选D。6.B细节理解题。根据最后一段Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings可知Pennington为了帮助Benjamin培养绘画天赋，给他提供了一些绘画材料，故选B。7.D细节理解题。根据最后一段Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine­year­oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist可知，这两本书帮助Benjamin坚定了自己成为一名画家的决心，故选D。BThiscouldbetheperfectgiftforthepartner,whoembarrassesyouonthedancefloor.Smartsocks,whichcanteachtodance,maybetheanswerforanyonewithtwoleftfeet．Thesockshavebeendevelopedasarunningtooltohelprunnersimprovetheirskills.Thankstothesocks,userscanaccuratelyrecordnotonlyhowfarandfasttheyrunbutalsohowwell.Itmeanstheusermaximizestheirperformance,andreducesdamagetobodyandpreventshurt.Thehi­techsocksaremadeofspecialfibersthatwatchthemovementsofyourfeet.Theylook,feelandcanbewashedlikenormalclothes.Sensors(传感器)recordeachmovementandsenditbyanankletransmitter(脚踝发射器)toasmartphone.Thena“virtualcoach”applicationshowstheinformationandcantelltheuserwhattheyaredoingwrong,andhelptoimproveskillinanytaskwithfeet.Thesocksshouldbeusefultoathletesandweekendjoggers.“Peoplethinkrunningissoeasyandofcourseeverybodycandoitbutnotnecessarilysafelyandwell，”Dr.DavideViganosaid.Arecentstudyshowedthatbetween60and80percentofrunnersgothurtperyear.Thisisprettymuchmorethananyotherhumanactivity.Researcherssaythetechnologycanalsobedevelopedtoteachpeoplehowtodance,playsportssuchasgolf,oreventohelptoteachwomentowalkbetterinhighheels.Mr.Viganosaid,“Peoplecouldallbenefitfromtheidea.Wehavehadinterestfromallsortsofsports,likeskiing,football,cyclingandgolf.Anythingwhereyouhavetouseyourfeetcanuseit.Itcouldevenbeputinhighheelstohelpwomenwalkinthemsafely.”Socksarejustthestart,andthetechnologycouldbeusedingloves,hatsandboots.Thesocks,ankletandsoftwarepackage,areexpectedtobesoldforaround￡120,whichwillgoonsaleinMarch.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“anyonewithtwoleftfeet”referto?A.Peoplewhoaredisabled.B.Peoplewhoareinterestedindancing.C.Peoplewhoarenotgoodatdancing.D.Peoplewhoinventedthesocks.9.What'sspecialaboutfibersthatthesocksaremadeof?A.Theyfeelmuchsofterthannormalclothes.B.Theycanmonitorthemovementoffeet.C.Theyareexpensivetoproduce.D.Theyactasasmartphoneforusers.10.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedaboutthesocks?A.Theycanimprovetheskillofrunning.B.Theycanhelpwomenwalkbetterinhighheels.C.Theycanteachpeopletodancewell.D.Theycanbewornfordayswithoutwashing.11.AccordingtoDr.Vigano,________．A.everyonecanmakegooduseofthesmartsocksB.userscanrunasfastastheylikewiththesocksC.60to80percentofrunnerswouldliketobuythesmartsocksD.norunnerswillgethurtthankstothesocks【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一种即将上市的高科技袜子，它可以帮助人们跳舞、走路、跑步等各种体育活动。8.C词义猜测题。根据划线部分前的Thiscouldbetheperfectgiftforthepartner,whoembarrassesyouonthedancefloor.可知，这可能是送给在舞池里让你尴尬的舞伴的完美礼物。由此可知，划线部分指的是“不擅长跳舞的人”。故选C。9.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的Thehi­techsocksaremadeofspecialfibersthatwatchthemovementsofyourfeet.(这种高科技的袜子是由特殊纤维制成的，可以观察你的脚的运动。)由此可知，制成这种袜子的原料纤维能够监控你的脚步移动。故选B。10.D细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，这种袜子可以帮助运动员和跑者避免受伤、教人们跳舞以及教穿高跟鞋的女性走路，并没有提到这种袜子可以穿很多天都不用洗。故选D。11.A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Peoplecouldallbenefitfromtheidea.Wehavehadinterestfromallsortsofsports,likeskiing,football,cyclingandgolf.Anythingwhereyouhavetouseyourfeetcanuseit.(人们都可以从这个想法中受益。我们对各种运动都有兴趣，比如滑雪、足球、自行车和高尔夫球。任何需要用到脚的地方都可以用。)由此可知，Vigano博士认为每个人都可以充分利用这款智能袜子。故选A。CStevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewhenyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksastheydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralonghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakers’argument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledbutrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoday.Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusablebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdon’tdispute(质疑)thesepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.1．WhathasStevenSteinbeenhiredtodo?A．Helpincreasegrocerysales. B．Recyclethewastematerial.C．Arguefortheuseofplasticbags. D．Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.2．Whatdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?A．Effectsofcitydevelopment. B．Plasticbagshungintrees.C．Headachescausedbygarbage. D．Bansonplasticbags.3．Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmakers?A．Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy. B．Replacingthemcanbedifficult.C．Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags. D．Theyarequiteexpensive.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Plastic,PaperorNeither B．Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC．RecycleorThrowAway D．GarbageCollectionandWasteControl【答案】CDAA【解析】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中oneofStein’sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.和第二段中plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.可知，塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，为使用塑料袋进行辩护。故选C。2．词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds意为“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，即Bansonplasticbags，故选D。3．细节理解题。根据第四段中However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.可知，生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能源，故选A。4．主旨大意题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋会造成环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic,PaperorNeither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。DNeverTalktoStrangers?“Nevertalktostrangers.”Manychildrenaretaughtthissimpleruleasacautionagainstabduction(诱拐).InJune,2005,an11-year-oldboywaslostintheUtahwildernessforfourdays.Duringthattime,hestayedonthepath.Hesawpeoplesearchingforhimbuthidfromthem,afraidsomeonemight“steal”him.Eventually,theunfortunategameofhide-and-seekendedandhewasfound.AccordingtotheCanadaSafetyCouncil,thisalarmingincidentshowshowunwiseitistoinstill(灌输)afearofstrangersinchildren.The“strangerdanger”messagecanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingthesocialskillsandjudgmentneededtodealeffectivelywithreal-lifesituations.Inadifficultsituation,astrangercouldbetheirlifelinetosafety.Tohaveachildgomissingisaparent’sworstnightmare.Thethreatofabductionbyastrangerisminimalwhencomparedwithotherpossiblereasonsforadisappearance.In2004,therewere67,266missing-childrencasesinCanada.Only31involvedabduction;inmostofthosecasestheabductorwasarelative,friend,orpersonknowntothefamily.Therewere671casesofchildrenwanderingoff,and332casesofabductionsbyaparent.Almost80percentofallcaseswererunaways.Thesestatisticscastdoubtontheideathatchildrenshouldnevertalktostrangers.Wanderingoffismorecommon-butalostchildrenmayhavetocalluponastrangerforhelp,andmustdeveloptheabilitytojudgewhatkindofpeopletoapproach.The“nevertalktostrangers”ruledoesnotprotectchildreninthesituationstheyaremostlikelytoface.Ontopofthis,itcanbeconfusing.Adultsdonotmodelthebehavior;theyoftentalktostrangers.Achildmaynotknowhowtotellwhoisastranger,andwhoisnot.Foryoungchildren,nothingreplacesclosesupervision(监管).Pre-schoolersdonotunderstandriskandtendtoactwithoutthinking.Childrenneedtodevelophabitsandattitudesthatwillprotectthemfromtherealthreatsanddangerstheymayface.TheCa