定语从句 高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

定语从句01

定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语的种类：定语可以分为前置定语或者后置定语a.前置定语:用来修饰名词放在前面的，叫前置定语;前置定语是由形容词性物主代词、形容词、名词所有格、数词、名词、量词、指示代词来充当。mybookahandsomeboy什么是定语？b.后置定语:用来修饰名词放在后置的，叫后置定语;后置定语可以由介词短语、名词所有格(of+名词)、动名词短语、动词定式短语、句子来充当。thestudentsfromSichuan

someoneinwhite什么是定语？在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句,一般也是修饰名词或代词的从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词

连接主句和定语从句的连词叫关系词/连接词。关系词有两种，一是关系代词，二是关系副词。关系代词（作主语，宾语，表语）或关系副词（作状语）既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。什么是定语从句？Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.Themanlivesnexttous.Hesellsvegetables.Theman

（wholivesnexttous

）sellsvegetables.先行词(从句放置于先行词之_____，修饰先行词)关系词2.连接作用3.在从句中充当成分后1.代替先行词Jointhefollowingsentences:Aplaneisamachine.

Themachinecanfly.关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,that代指先行词machine。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。关系代词有：that,who,whom,which,whoseIsthisafarm?Wevisitedthefarmlastyear.Isthisafarmthat/whichwevisitedlastyear?Davidismyfriend.Ioftenplaytenniswithhim.

Davidthat/who/whomIoftenplaytenniswithismyfriend.I’llneverforgetthosedays.Wespentthedaystogether.

I’llneverforgetthosedaysthat/which

wespenttogether.Thinkandconclude写法：①找出两个简单句的共有成分,即重合点；②将从句中的共有成分（重合点）去掉；③用关系词引导剩下的从句，并紧接在被修饰词（先行词）之后．Eg:Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatoftencomeshere?(作主语)Thegirlwho/that/whomIspoketoismydaughter.(作宾语)Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.(作主语)Thebookwhich/thatyouboughtformeisveryinteresting.(作宾语)

whose既可以指人，也可以指物;在从句中作定语，形式为“whose+名词”表所属关系，即谁的.......DoyouknowthesingerwhosenameisWangfeng?(指人）Iliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.（指物）

1.当先行词是人时:关系代词who和that既可以作主语，又可以作宾语，而且作宾语时可以省略;2.其中whom只作宾语;3.当先行词是物时:关系代词which和that既可以作主语，又可以作宾语，而且作宾语时可以省略;4.whose既可以指人，也可以指物;5.that既可以指人，也可以指物。关系代词的用法总结介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常由“介词+关系代词”引导。

ThisistheschoolinwhichIstudiedtwoyearsago.我两年前在这个学校学习。We'llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.明天我们将要去听那个我们经常说起的歌手的演唱会。

关系副词引导的定语从句常见的关系副词有:why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介词同关系代词搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介词同关系代词搭配)when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.我们在一起的时候终于来了where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语

BeijingisthecitywhereIwasborn.北京是我的出生地。why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouarelate.请告诉我你为什么迟到了。I’llneverforgetthosedays.Wespentthedaystogether.

I’llneverforgetthosedaysthat/which

wespenttogether.Itwasacoldmorning.Ericwasbornonthecoldmoring.

ItwasacoldmorningwhenEricwasborn.Isthisafarm?Wevisitedthefarmlastyear.Isthisafarmthat/whichwevisitedthefarmlastyear?Isthisafarm?Yourparentsstayedandworkedonthefarmlastyear.Isthisafarmwhereyourparentsstayedandworkedlastyear?将下列句子改成定语从句。1.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.2.Hereisthegirl.

Herbrotherworksinthisshop.3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.4.Ihavebeentothefactory.Myfatherworksinthefactory.5.Hetoldmethereason.Hedidn'tattendthemeeting.6.Thosedayswillnevercomeback.Youhavewastedthosedays.Thewomanthat/who/whomyouweretalkingaboutisherenow.Hereisthegirlwhosebrotherworksinthisshop.BeijingHotelwheretheforeignvisitorsliveisnearTianAnMenSquareIhavebeentothefactorywheremyfatherworks.Hetoldmethereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeeting.Thosedaysthat/whichwillnevercomeback

youhavewasted.定语从句的位置:1.紧跟在先行词的后面:YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.IhavefoundthebookwhichIlost.IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.2.定语从句后移/分隔式定语从句Thedaysaregonewhenpeoplesufferedalot.3.as引导的定语从句可前移Asweallknow,theearthisround.关系词1.关系代词2.关系副词1.指人2.指物3.指某一情况thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首放于句中或句首“正如”whenwherewhy(主语/宾语)(状语)思维导图定语从句:

关系代词(作主语/宾语/表语):1.who/whom(that)2.which(that)3.that不