GBT 50344-2019 建筑结构检测技术标准（英文版版）

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Foreword

AccordingtotherequirementofthedocumentJianBiao[2011]No.17-NoticeonPrintingandDistributiontheDevelopmentandRevisionPlanofEngineeringConstructionStandardsandCodesin2011issuedbytheMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopment,afterextensiveinvestigationandstudy,thecodedevelopinggrouphasconscientiouslysummeduppracticalexperience,referredtorelevantinternationalstandardsandadvancedforeignstandards,andsetthiscodebasedonwidelysolicitingopinions.

Themaintechnicalcontentsofthiscodearegeneralprovisions,termsandsymbols,basicrequirements,monitoringmethods,high-risebuildingsandstructures,long-spanspatialstructures,bridgestructures,andotherstructures.

Theprovisionsprintedinboldarecompulsoryonesandmustbestrictlyimplemented.

TheMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaoverseestheadministrationofthiscodeandtheexplanationofthecompulsoryprovisions.ChinaAcademyofBuildingResearch(CABR)isresponsibleforexplainingthespecifictechnicalcontents.Duringthecodeimplementationprocess,therelevantopinionsandadvicecanbepostedtoCABR(Address:30North3rdRingEastRoad,Beijing,postcode100013).

ChiefDevelopmentOrganizations:

ChinaAcademyofBuildingResearch(CABR)

HainanConstructionEngineeringCo.,Ltd.

ParticipatingDevelopmentOrganizations:

ChongqingUniversity

BeijingUniversityofTechnology

TsinghuaUniversity

BeijingInstituteofArchitecturalDesign

ArupInternationalConsultants(Shanghai)Co.,Ltd.

CCCCHighwayConsultantsCo.,Ltd.

YunnanInstituteofEarthquakeEngineering

ChinaAcademyofRailwaySciences

BeijingMunicipalEngineeringResearchInstitute

CivilEngineeringLaboratoryofMacau

TianjinConstructionEngineeringQualityandSafetySupervisionandManagementTeam

ChiefDraftingStaff:

DuanXiangsheng

ChangLé

GuoZewen

YangYang

WangNi

DiXiaotan

NieJianguc

PanPeng

LiuPeng

PeiMinshan

XuJiaoyu

PanChongping

YanWeiming

AnXiaowen

ShuWeinong

ZengZhibin

FengLiangping

HeHaoxiang

LiQian

CaiQi

FanJiansheng

OuBingguang

YinBo

ZhangXinyue

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HuangZongming

LeiLizheng

ChiefReviewers:

ZhouFulin

KeChanghua

FuXueyi

LiGuoqiang

LouYu

LiTing

LiuFengkui

YangXueshan

LiQiao

ZhouZhi

XuePeng

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Contents

1GeneralProvisions (

1)

2TermsandSymbols (

2)

2.1Terms (

2)

2.2Symbols (

3)

3BasicRequirements (

4)

3.1GeneralRequirements (

4)

3.2MonitoringSystem,PointandEquipment (

4)

3.3ConstructionMonitoring (

6)

3.4PostConstructionMonitoring (

9)

4MonitoringMethods (

11)

4.1GeneralRequirements (

11)

4.2StressMonitoring (

11)

4.3DeformationandCrackMonitoring (

12)

4.4TemperatureandHumidiyMonitoring (

14)

4.5VibrationMonitoring (

15)

4.6EarthquakeandSeismicResponseMonitoring (

16)

4.7WindFieldandWindinducedResyonseMonitoring (

17)

4.8OtherItemsMonitoring (

18)

4.9PatrolInspectionandSystemMaintenance (

19)

5High-riseBuildingsandStructures (

20)

5.1GeneralRequirements (

20)

5.2ConstructionMonitoring (

21)

5.3PostConstructionMonitoring (

23)

6Long-spanSpatialStructures (

26)

6.1GeneralRequirements (

26)

6.2ConstructionMonitoring (

27)

6.3PostConstructionMonitoring (

29)

7BridgeStructures (

30)

7.1GeneralRequirements (

30)

7.2ConstructionMonitoring (

31)

7.3PostConstructionMonitoring (

33)

8OtherStructures (

36)

8.1IsolatedStructures (

36)

8.2CrossingConstruction (

36)

AppendixATechniqueRequirementofSensors (

38)

AppendixBMonitoringRequirementofDifferentTypesofBridges (

40)

ExplanationofWordinginThisCode (

42)

ListofQuotedStandards (

43)

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1GeneralProvisions

1.0.1Thiscodeisformulatedtostandardizethemonitoringtechnologyandthecorrespondingprecautionanalysistoensureadvancedtechnologies,reliabledata,andreasonablecostformonitoringofbuildingandbridgestructures.

1.0.2Thiscodeappliestomonitor,high-risebuildingsandstructures,long-spanspatialstructures,bridgestructures,isolatedstructures,andexistingstructuresinfluencedbycrossingconstruction.

1.0.3Monitoringofbuildingandbridgestructuresshallmeettherequirementsofthiscodeand

therelevantcurrentnationalstandards.

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2TermsandSymbols

2.1Terms

2.1.1structuralmonitoring

Frequentlyandcontinuouslyobservingormeasuringthestructuralstate.

2.1.2constructionmonitoring

Structuralmonitoringduringconstruction.

2.1.3postconstructionmonitoring

Structuralmonitoringduringservicelife.

2.1.4monitoringsystem

Softwareandhardwareintegrationwithcertainmonitoringfunctionscomposedofmonitoringequipment.

2.1.5monitoringequipment

Generaldesignationofhardwaresuchasfransducers/sensors,acquisitioninstruments,etc.,inthemonitoringsystem.

2.1.6transducer/sensor

Instrumentsordevicesbeabletosensemeasuredsignalsandconyertthemtousableoutputsignalsaccordingtoaspecificrule,andusuallyconsistingofsensingandtransductionelements.

2.1.7timesofmonitoring

Thenumberofmonitoringtimesperunittime.

2.1.8precautionvalueformonitoring

Thealarmingvalueofmonitoringquantitiesindicatesthepossibleabnormalordangerousstateofthemonitoringobject,toensurethesafetyorqualityofengineeringstructuresandthesurroundingssafety.

2.1.9monitoringsystemstability

Theoperationalperformanceofthemonitoringsystemisnormalafterlong-termuse.2.1.10monitoringequipmentdurability

Themonitoringequipmentmeettheexpectedfunctionalrequirementsovertimeunderregular

useandmaintenanceconditions.

2.1.11sensorfrequencyrange

Inthisfrequencyrange,theinputsignalfrequencychangecannotcausethesensorsensitivityandphasechangesbeyondthelimit.

2.1.12structuralanalyzingmodelupdating

Theprocessofapproachingcalculationresultsascloseaspossibletotheactualmeasuredvaluesthroughidentifyingorupdatingtheparametersofthestructuralanalyzingmodel.

2.1.13crossingconstruction

Theconstructionprocessofundergroundengineeringcrossestheexistingstructures.

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2.2Symbols

fn—thenthnaturalfrequency;

l—lengthorspan;

n—modeorder;

P-pushingforce;

r—wireresistance:

T—cableforce;

A—relativedeformation;

e——strain;

p—massperunitlength

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3BasicRequirements

3.1GeneralRequirements

3.1.1Structuralmonitoringofbuildingsandbridgesshallbedividedintoconstructionmonitoringandpostconstructionmonitoring.

3.1.2Constructionmonitoringshouldbecombinedwithmensuration,observation,inspection,andengineeringcontrol.Postconstructionmonitoringshouldbecarriedoutbyusingamonitoringsystemwithautomaticdataacquisition.

3.1.3Patrolinspectionandsystemmaintenanceshallbecarriedoutduringmonitoring.

3.1.4Constructionmonitoringshouldbeconsideredinconjunctionwithpostconstructionmonitoring.

3.1.5Beforemonitoring,themonitoringpurposeshallbeclarifiedaccordingtothemonitoringrequirementsofallpartiesanddesigndocuments.Themonitoringschemeshallbeformulatedincombinationwithfactorssuchasengineeringstructuralcharacteristics,siteandsurroundingenvironmentalconditions.

3.1.6Monitoringrequirementsshallbeputforwardatthedesignstageforstructuresthatneed

tobemonitored:

3.1.7Themonitoringschemeofthefollowingengineeringstructuresshallbeespeciallydemonstrated:

1ClassAorcomplexClassBscismicprotcctionclassificationofhigh-riscbuildingsandstructures,long-spanspatialstructures.

2Extra-largeandcomplexbridgestructures.

3Engineeringstructuresthatareresumedtoconstructionorusethroughdetection,treatment,andevaluationafterasevereaccident.

4Engineeringstructureswithcomplexmonitoringschemesorneedtobedemonstrated.

3.1.8Theprecautionvaluesshallbesetformonitoringofbuildingandbridgestructures,andthese

valuesshallmeetthecontrolrequirementsofengineeringdesignandmonitoredobjects.

3.1.9Protectionandmaintenancemeasuresshallbetakenformonitoringfacilitiesduringthemonitoring.

3.1.10Themonitoringofbuildingandbridgestructuresshallclarifyitspurposeandfunction.Withoutthepermissionofthemonitoringimplementationorganization,itshallnotbeallowedtochangethemonitoringpointsordamagethemonitoringequipment,suchassensors,cables,andacquisitioninstruments.

3.2MonitoringSystem,PointandEquipment

3.2.1Aglobalorlocalmonitoringsystemshallbeestablishedfollowingtheactualconditionofthemonitoringobjectsandtheengineeringsites.Andaspecializedmonitoringroomshouldbe

setup.

3.2.2Themonitoringsystemshouldhavecompletefunctionsofsensing,conditioning,acquisition,transmission,storage,dataprocessingandcontrol,precaution,orconditionassessment.

3.2.3Themonitoringsystemshallbeparameterizedanddebuggedaccordingtotheprescribed

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methodorprocess.Itshallcomplywiththefollowingrequirements:

1Initialstatesettingorzerobalanceprocessingofsensorsisdesirablebeforemonitoring.

2Interferencesignalsshallbecheckedforsources,andeffectivemeasuresshallbetakentodealwiththem.

3Thepostconstructionmonitoringsystemshouldinheritthedataofconstructionmonitoring

andshouldconductcomparativeanalysisandidentification.

3.2.4Thesamplingfrequencyofthemonitoringsystemshallmeetthemonitoringrequirements.

3.2.5Duringthemonitoring,themonitoringresultsshallbetimelycomparedwiththestructuralanalysisresults.Themonitoringobjectandsystemshallbecheckedintimewhenthemonitoringdataisabnormal.Thealarmshallbeimmediatelyreportedwhenthemonitoringvalueexceedstheprecautionvalue

3.2.6Themonitoringpointsshallcomplywiththefollowingrequirements:

1Themonitoringpointsshallreflecttheactualstateandchangingtrendofthemonitored

object,andshouldbearrangedatthelocationsofthelargestmonitoringvalues.

2Thelocationandnumberofmonitoringpointsshouldbedeterminedaccordingtostructuretype,designrequirements,constructionprocess,monitoringprojects,andstructuralanalysisresults.

3Themonitoringpointsshallberedundantinnumberandlayoutscope,andshallbeaddedinimportantparts.

4Thenumberofmonitoringpointsmaybereducedbyusingthesymmetryofstructure.5Itshouldbecasytoinstall,testandrcad,maintain,andreplaccthemonitoringcquipment.

6Theconstructionandnormaluseofthemonitoredobjectsshallnotbeimpeded.

7Onthebasisofmeetingtheaboverequirements,thetransmissiondistanceofsignalsshouldbeshortened.

3.2.7Themonitoringequipmentshallcomplywiththefollowingbasicrequirements:

1Theseleetedmonitoringequipmentshallmeettherequirementsofthemonitoringperiod,monitoringprojectsandmethods,andsystemfunctions.Themonitoringequipmentshallalsohavestability,durability,compatibility,andscalability.

2Thesignal-to-noiseratioofthemeasuredsignalsshallmeettherequirementsofactualengineeringanalysis.

3Themonitoringequipmentshallbecalibratedbeforeuse.

4Theinstallationmethodofequipmentshallbeselectedaccordingtotherequirementsofthemonitoringmethodsandmonitoringfunctions.Theequipmentinstallationshallbefirm.Theinstallationtechnologyanddurabilityshallmeettherequirementsofuseduringthemonitoring.

5Afterinstallation,thesitemarkingsandlayoutdiagramsofthemonitoringequipmentshallbeconductedintime,andshallbefiledforfuturereference.

3.2.8ThemonitoringsensorsshallmeetthebasicrequirementsspecifiedinArticle3.2.7ofthiscode,inadditiontothefollowingrequirements:

1Theselectionofsensorsshallbebasedontherequirementsofmonitoringobjects,projectsandmethods.Itshallfollowtheprincipleofadvancedtechnology,stableperformance,andcost-effectiveness.

2Thesensorswithcompensationfunctionshouldbeadopted.

3Thesensorsshallmeetthemonitoringsystemrequirementsforsensitivity,bandpass,

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dynamicrange,measuringrange,linearity,stability,powersupplymode,andservicelife,etc.

3.2.9Theoperatingenvironmentofthemonitoringequipmentshallcomplywiththefollowingbasicrequirements:

1Thedistancefromsignalcablesandmonitoringequipmenttohigh-powerradioemissionsources,high-voltagetransmissionlinesandmicrowaveradiosignaltransmissionchannelsshould

beaccordancewiththerelevantrequirementsofthecurrentnationalstandardGB50311Codefor

engineeringdesignofgenericcablingsystem.

2Themonitoringreceivingequipmentshouldnotbenearlargeareaofwater,large-scalebuildings,metalnets.andradiointerferencesourcesthatstronglyreflectsignals;

3Whenusingsatellitelocationingsystemformonitoring,theheightangleofobstaclesintheviewfieldshouldnotbegreaterthan15°.

3.3ConstructionMonitoring

3.3.1Constructionmonitoringshallprovidetechnicalsupporttoensureconstructionsafety,controlthestructuralconstructionprocess,optimizeconstructiontechnologyandachievestructuraldesignrequirements.

3.3.2Constructionmonitoringshouldfocusonthefollowingcomponentsandjoints:

1Componentswithsignificantstresschangesorhighstresslevels.

2Componentsorjointswithsignificantdeformation.

3Componentsorjointsthatsubjecttolargerconstructionloads.

4Criticaljointsthatcontrolthestructuralgcomctricconfiguration.

5Otherimportantcomponentsorjointsthatreflectthecriticalcharacteristicofstructural

internalforceanddeformation.

3.3.3Theconstructionmonitoringitemsmayincludestrainmonitoring,deformationandcrackmonitoring,environmentalandeffectsmonitoring.Deformationmonitoringmayincludefoundationsettlementmonitoring,verticaldeformationmonitoring,andhorizontaldeformationmonitoring.Environmentalandeffectsmonitoringmayincludewindfieldandwind-inducedresponsemonitoring,temperatureandhumiditymonitoring,andvibrationmonitoring.

3.3.4Thestructuralanalysisforstructuresandcomponentsshallbeconductedbeforeconstructionmonitoringandshallcomplywiththefollowingrequirements:

1Theinternalforcecheckingshouldbecalculatedaccordingtothefundamentalcombinationofloadeffects.Thecomparisonbetweenthestructureanalysisvaluesandthemeasuredstrainvaluesshallbecalculatedaccordingtothecharacteristiccombinationofloadeffects.Thedeformationcheckingshallbecalculatedaccordingtothecharacteristiccombinationofloadeffects.

2Thestructuralanalysisshallconsidergravityloadsofconstantandlive.Foundationsettlement,temperatureeffects,windloads,andwaveeffectsmaybetakenintoaccountaccordingtotheengineeringneeds.

3Thestructuralanalysisshallbebasedontheactualconstructionscheme.Iftheschemeisadjustedduringtheconstruction,thestructuralanalysisofthewholeconstructionshallbeupdatedaccordingly.Whentheassumedcalculationparametersaresignificantlydifferentfromthemonitoringdataintheearlystageofconstruction,thecalculationparametersshallbeadjustedintime.Thecalculationresultsshallbecorrectedandappliedtothenextstageoftheconstruction

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monitoring.

4Theloadparametersandmeasuredparametersofcomponentsandmaterialsshouldbeadopted.

5Thestructuralanalysismodelshallbecheckedwiththestructuraldesignmodel.

6Thestructuralanalysisshallbecombinedwiththeconstructionscheme,usingactualconstructionprocess,andconsidertheintermediateworkingconditionswhererisksmayoccur.

7Theinfluenceoftemporaryconstructionsupportsonstructuresshallbefullyconsidered.3.3.5Theprecautionvaluesforconstructionmonitoringshallbebasedontheontheprincipleofzoning,grading,andstagingaccordingtothedifferentsafetyandqualitycontrolgoals.Combinedwiththeconstructionstructuralanalysisresults,thecorrespondinglimitrequirementsandtheprecautionvaluesofdifferentcriticaldegreesareproposedforthemonitoredcomponentsorjoints.Theprecautionvaluesshallmeettherequirementsoftherelevantcurrentspecificationsforconstructionqualityacceptance.

3.3.6Thetimesofconstructionmonitoringshallcomplywiththefollowingrequirements:

1Eachstageofconstructionprocessshallbemonitoredatleastonceduringconstruction.

2Thetimesofmonitoringshallbeadjastedinrealtimeaccordingtothestructuralstressordeformationrateoftheprojects,whichareguidedtodesignandconstructusingthemonitoring

data.

3Thetimesofmonitoringforcomplexengineeringprojectsshallbedeterminedonthebasisofthestructuralforms,deformationcharacteristics,monitoringaccuracy,andengineeringgcologicalconditions,ctc.

4Monitoringshallbecarriedoutforshutdownandrework,respectively.

3.3.7Incaseofthefollowingsituations,themonitoringtimesshallbeincreased:

1Monitoringdatareachorexceedtheprecautionvalues.

2Thestructuresaffectedbyearthquakes,floods,typhoons,blasting,trafficaccidentsandotherabnormalconditions.

3Abnormalconditionssuchasdeformationcracksorserioussuddencracksthatmaydeveloponthestructuralengineeringstructuresite,thestructuralpartsofthesurroundingbuildings(structures),andthegroundmayaffectthesafetyoftheproject.

3.3.8Monitoringdatashallbeprocessedandanalyzed.Criticaldatashouldbeanalyzedandjudgedinrealtime,andabnormaldatashallbeverifiedandconfirmedintime.

3.3.9Constructionmonitoringshallbeinspectedinaccordancewiththeprogressofconstruction.

3.3.10Theproceduresforconstructionmonitoringmaybeimplementedaccordingtotheflowchart

showninFigure3.3.10.

3.3.11Themonitoringreportsoftheconstructionshouldbedividedintoperiodicandsummaryreports.Theperiodicreportsshallbesubmittedregularlyduringthemonitoring,andthesummaryreportsshallbesubmittedattheendofthemonitoring.

3.3.12Themonitoringreportsshallmeetthemonitoringschemerequirementswithcompletecontent,clearconclusions,andsmoothwriting.Thereportsshallprovideaccurate,reliable,andeffectivemonitoringdataandconclusionsfortheperformanceevaluationoftheengineeringstructuresduringconstruction.

3.3.13Theperiodicmonitoringreportshallincludethefollowingcontents:

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Start

Developconstructionmonitoringscheme

Establish/adjustmonitoringsystemwiththeconstruction

Implementthemonitoring

ProcessdataAdjusttheconstructionscheme

Determinestructuralstate

Meetrequirements?NoAnalysisreason

Yes

End

Figure3.3.10Flowchartoftheconstructionmonitoring

1Overviewofprojectandconstruction.

2Monitoringmethodsandbasis,includingtechnicalstandardsofmonitoringbasis,monitoringperiodsandtimes,monitoringparameters,monitoringequipmentusedandtheirmainparameters,layoutofmonitoringpoints,structuralanalysisresultsofconstructionprocessandprecautionvalues

3Monitoringresults,includingmonitoringresultsforparametersofeachmeasuringpoint,comparisonwithstructuralanalysisresults,precautionstatusandassessmentresults,changesofmeasuringpoints,andrecordsfortreatmentofabnormalconditionsduringmonitoring.

4Monitoringconclusionsandrecommendations.

5Precautionreport,processingresultsandrelatedattachments.

3.3.14Thesummarymonitoringreportshallrellectthemonitoringsituationsfortheentireperiod,andshallincludethemaincontentofthemonitoringreportineachstage,

3.3.15Themonitoringrecordsshallbecompletedatthemonitoringsiteorinmonitoringsystem.Therecordeddata,wordsandchartsshallbetrue,accurate,clear,andcomplete,andshallnotbealteredatwill.

3.3.16Themonitoringschemes,monitoringreports,andoriginalrecordsshallbearchived.Theoriginaldocumentsshallincludecalculationsforstructuralanalysisduringtheconstruction,monitoringrecordsandcomparativeanalysisresultsforstructuraldeformationandstrainmonitoring,recordsfortreatmentofabnormalconditions,precautionreportsandtreatment

results.

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3.4PostConstructionMonitoring

3.4.1Postconstructionmonitoringshallprovidetechnicalsupportforthesafeuseofstructuresduringservice,structuraldesignverification,structuralmodelcalibrationandcorrection,structuraldamageidentification,structuralmaintenanceandrepair,andthedevelopmentandapplicationofnewmethodsandtechnologies.

3.4.2Theitemsofpostconstructionmonitoringmayincludedeformationandcrackmonitoring,strainmonitoring,cableforcemonitoring,environmentalandeffectsmonitoring.Thedeformationmonitoringmayincludefoundationsettlementmonitoring,verticalandhorizontalstructuraldeformationmonitoring.Theenvironmentalandeffectsmonitoringmayincludewindfieldandwind-inducedresponsemonitoring,temperatureandhumiditymonitoring,earthquakeandseismicresponsemonitoring,trafficmonitoring,scouringandcorrosionmonitoring.

3.4.3Postconstructionmonitoringshouldbelong-termandreal-time.

3.4.4Thestructuralanalyzingmodelshouldbeupdatedinthepostconstructionmonitoringforimportantstructures,andtheupdatedmodelshallreflectthecurrentstateofthestructure.

3.4.5Theprecautionforthepostconstructionmoniforingshallbebasedonthestructuralperformanceandcombinedwiththelong-termdataaccumulationtoputforwardlimitrequirementsanddifferentprecautionvaluescorrespondingtothesafety,Serviceability,anddurabilityofthestructure.Theprecautionvaluesshallmeettherequirementsofthecurrentrelevantnationalstructuraldesignstandards.

3.4.6Thepostconstructionmonitoringsystemshallbeabletoworkcontinuously,andshouldhavethefunctionofautomaticallygeneratedmonitoringreports.

3.4.7Whenthemonitoringdataisabnormaloralarming,themonitoringsystemandstructuresshallbecheckedorinspectedintime.

3.4.8Periodicinspectionandsystemmaintenanceforpostconstructionmonitoringshallbe

carriedoutregularly.

3.4.9TheproceduresforpostconstructionmonitoringmaybeimplementedaccordingtotheflowchartshowninFigure3.4.9.

Start

Developpostconstructionmonitoringscheme

Establishmonitoringsystem

Implementmonitor

Determinestructuraloperatingstate

MeetRequirement?Analysisreason

Yu

ContinuemonitorWarnandadoptmeasures

Totheendofthemonitoringperiod

No

Figure3.4.9Flowchartofthepostconstructionmonitoring

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3.4.10Thereports