高中英语高一下学期七选五复习培优试卷测试卷(含答案)

高中英语高一下学期七选五复习培优试卷测试卷（含答案）CelebratingtheharvestaroundtheworldAharvestfestivalisacelebrationofthefallmonthsandtheharvestthatoftenaccompaniesthesemonths.___1___CanadaInCanada,peoplecelebratetheirharvestonThanksgiving.___2___TheEnglishexplorerMartinFrobisher(1535-1594)cameupontheland,searchingforthe"NewWorld".AshearrivedinCanadain1578,hecelebratedsurvivingthelongjourneybyholdingaformalcelebrationandeatingsaltbeefandpeas.Today,ithasbecomearecognizedholidayinthecountrythatfallsonthesecondMondayinOctober.___3___Oneofthehighlights(高潮)oftheholidayisabigThanksgivingDaymeal,whichusuallyincludesturkeyandbreads,whicharepreparedandpresentedinauniqueCanadianway.UnitedKingdomHarvestfestivalactivitiesareconsideredaspecialtimeforcommunitiestocometogetherincelebration.Theharvestfestivalmaystartwithcarryingbasketsoffruitsandvegetablestoalocalchurchwherepeoplesingpraisesongsforahealthyharvestwhileprayingforfutureharvests.___4___Largedinnersmayalsobehostedwhereeachememberbringsaspecialdishtosharewitheachother.ChinaIn2018,theFarmers'HarvestFestivalwaslaunchedinChina.It'sheldonthedayoftheautumnequinox(秋分),whichfallsroughlyonSept22or23.___5___InJiaxing,Zhejiangprovince,farmersbrought100seedvarietiestothemainsiteoftheceremonyinHanhudistrictandplacedtheminawalltomarktheachievementsoftheseedindustry.InHeilongjiangprovince,thefestivalwascombinedwithlocaltraditionsoftheDaurpeopleandthelocalsdancedaroundbonfires.A．Thistraditionissaidtodatebacktothe16thcentury.B．Everyyear,arangeofeventsareorganizednationwide.C．Thesecelebrationstypicallyinvolvedancingandsinging.D．Thefoodsoftenfoundatthisfestivalareturkeyandbread.E．Manycountriescelebrateharvestfestivalsindifferentforms.F．Aspecialeffortmaybemadetogivefoodtothelessfortunate.G．OnThanksgiving,mostreturnhometogatherwiththeirfamily.Winterisconnectedwithfunandgames:snowballfights,skiing,and,everyfouryears,theWinterOlympics.Butwhatwillawintersportsenthusiastdoifthesnowdoesn’tmakeanappearance?____6____Artificialsnowismorelikeatightlypackedfrozensnowthatispartlymelt.____7____Theyarebrokenupbyahigh-pressurepumpatfirstandthenturnintosmallfrozenpieces.Mostartificialsnowismadeusingsnowcannons.Astheair’scoolingcapacityfalls,sodoestheamountofwaterthatcanbepumpedthroughthemachine.____8____At-4℃asnowcannoncanoperateataround80%humidity.Butiftheoutsidetemperatureis-1℃,thismustbereducedtoaround30%humidity.In1980,theOlympicsheldinAmericabecamethefirstWinterGamestousemachine-madesnow.____9____ArtificialsnowalsoappearedatthetworecentWinterOlympics,inSochi,Russia(2014),andVancouver,BritishColumbia(2010).Andthe2022WinterOlympicsinBeijingisthefirsttorelyentirelyonartificialsnow.____10____TheInternationalOlympicCommitteestatesthatitcreatesamoreconsistentsurface.Inaddition,thesnowthatcomesfromacannonisicierthannaturalsnow.Itmeltsmoreslowly,andprovidesahardersurfaceforathleteslookingforspeed.ThefirstOlympicsusingentirelyartificialsnowwillprobablynotbethelast.A．Buttheyweren’tthelast.B．Itismadefromwaterdrops.C．That’swhenartificialsnowcomesin.D．Whatisartificialsnow,andhowisitmade?E．Temperaturealsoplaysasignificantroleinsnowmaking.F．Artificialsnowcanbeappliedintoawiderangeoffields.G．ArtificialsnowiswellworthusingintheWinterOlympics.Whatiscrosscountryrunning?Crosscountryisanoutdoorendurance(耐久性)sportthatcanbementallychallengingandfun.____11____You’renotonlyputtingonefootinfrontoftheother;you’realsothinkingaheadtobarriersandchangesinthetrailorcourse.____12____However,beforeyoubegintrainingandracing,youshouldbeawareofpotentialinjuriesandhowtoavoidthem.Howcanyoupreventcrosscountryrunninginjuries?Thebestwaysforoutdoorrunnerstostayhealthyincludethefollowingrunningtips:Stretchdaily.Forallrunnersandathletes,aregularstretchingroutineisanimportantpartofconditioning.____13____Warmupandcooldown.Musclesandtendons(跟腱)arelesslikelytooverstretchortearifthey’vebeenproperlypreparedforrunningandracing.High-intensityworkoutsrequiremoreprepandpost-workoutcooldownthanlow-impactactivities.Weartherightshoes.Makesureyourshoesfitproperlyandthattheyareneithertootight-fittingnortooloose.____14____Eatanddrinkenough.Competitivedistancerunnersliketokeeptheirweightlow.However,consumingtoofewcaloriescanharmyourbody,especiallyifyou’reagirlorwomansubjecttoeatingdisorders.____15____It’seffectivetopreventinjuryandheatillness.Rememberthatespeciallyinfullsunorinhumidregionsofthestate,youparticularlytendtohaveheatstroke.Drinkplentyofwaterbeforeandafterrunning.A．Crosscountryrunningisasportrequiringmoney.B．Tiedouble-knotstopreventtrippingoverundonelaces.C．It’smostlyverysafeincomparisontootherteamsports.D．Haveawell-balanceddietandbesuretostaywell-hydrated.E．Youmayencounterunexpected,non-naturalbarriers.F．Itisneededtokeepyourbones,joints,andmuscleshealthy.G．Thistypeofrunningandracinghasbothaphysicalandpsychologicalrole.TheGrowingPopularityofCyclingOnceyoulearnhowtorideabike,youneverforget.Mostofuslearnedwhenwewerekids,____16____Cycling（骑行）hasbecomemoreandmorepopularinrecentyears,whatmakespeopleridetheirbikesonceagain?First,let’slookatthehealthbenefits.Cyclingcanimproveyourhealthandburnextrabodyfat.Strengtheningthelegmuscleshelpstoincreaseyourspeed.____17____Alongrideinthecountrysidecouldhelpyoutoclearyourmind,orde-stress.Butit’snotonlyaboutyourbodyandmind-buttherearealsosomeplussidesforyourwallet’shealth.Cyclingcanbeagreatwaytocommute（通勤）orgetabouttown.____18____Ifyoudodriveintowork,sometimesfindingsomewheretoparkcanbeatoughproblem,whereasfindingsomewheretochainyourbikeupcanbemuchsimpler.Then,onthetrain,therearechangesatstationsandothercommutersspeakingloudlyontheirphonestodealwith.____19____Andifyou’reworriedaboutsafety,therearespecialcyclepathsinmanymajorcities.____20____Itcanhelpyoutoreduceyourcarbonfootprint.Notpumpingoutpoisonousgasesintotheatmosphereisbetterfortheplanetandyourownenvironment.So,whetherpeoplewanttocyclefortheirhealth,togetabouttown,fortheirwallet,fortheenvironment,oracombinationofallofthem-thepopularityofcyclingisontherise.A．andmanypreferredbicycletours.B．Cyclistsfaceneitheroftheseissues.C．Yousavemoneyonfuelortrainfaresbycycling.D．andmanystillkeepthisskillwitheaseintoadulthood.E．Finally,cyclingcanalsobegoodfortheenvironment.F．Anditsbenefitsaren’tjustphysical,butmentalaswell.G．Cyclingisafantasticwaytoburnafewcaloriesandsavesomemoney.Understandingculturalbodylanguageinothercountriesiskeytomanagingefficientcommunication,especiallywhenwehavenotyetmasteredaforeignlanguage.___21___Ihopethesewillhelpyousocializewhenyoutrytocommunicatewithforeignersinspiteofthelanguagebarrier(障碍).HeadmovementsInsomepartsofIndia,peopletilt(倾斜)theirheadsfromsidetosidetoconfirmsomethingandshowthattheyareactivelylistening.Inwesterncountries,peoplenodtoshowagreement.___22___EyecontactInwesternculture,visualcontactwhenyouspeaktosomeoneisconsideredapositiveaspectofbodylanguage.StrongvisualcontactiscommoninSpainandtheArabiccultureamongpeopleofthesamesex.Notlookingbackwhensomeoneislookingatyouisconsideredimpolite,showinginsecurityordisinterest.___23___InCaribbeancommunities,childrenandteenagersaretaughtnottolookatadultsintheeyeswhentheyarebeingcorrected.GreetingsandgoodbyesShakinghandsisanormalandformalwaytogreetorsaygoodbyeinwesterncountries.___24___InRomania,forexample,onlymenusuallydoit.Andtheyshakehandseverytimetheymeet,notjustthefirst!InEngland,however,it’sunusualtoshakehandswithsomeoneyouareintroducedtoinaninformalsetting.Kissingcheeksissomethingdoneinmanycountries,especiallyinEurope,thoughthenumberofkisses,theoccasionfordoingso,andwhichcheektheystartoffonvary.___25___Whenyoucommunicatewithforeigners,onesecurewayistounderstand.respectandfollowtheculture.A．Bodylanguagevariesfromcountrytocountry.B．Butit’sdoneindifferentcontextsindifferentcountries.C．However,inGreece,noddingactuallymeanstheoppositemeaning.D．Hereareaselectionofgestures(姿势)andtheirmeaningsindifferentcultures.E．Somecultures,suchasJapaneseculture,considerlong-timevisualcontactawkward.F．Herearefivecommunicationskillsthatyoushouldkeepinmindwheninaforeigncountry.G．However,indifferentcountries,peoplemayhavedifferentexplanationsabouthandsshaking.HowtoIntroduceYourselfinClassIntroducingyourselftoaclass,whetheryouarethestudentortheteacher,canfeelfrightening._____26_____Standupwhenit'syourturntointroduceyourself.Thiswillmakeyouappearmoreconfident.___27___Itmayfeelawkwardtostandup,butyourintroductionwillbeovermorequicklythanyouthink.Smilewhenyouspeak.Evenifyouaresupernervous,smilingwillmakeyourvoicesoundcalmerandwillhelpyoumaskthatnervousness.__28__Speakwithconfidence.Youwanteveryonetobeabletohearyou,sowhenyouintroduceyourself,dosoinaclear,loudvoice.____29____Giveyournamefirst.It'shelpfultogiveyourfirstname,pause,andthengiveyourfirstandlastname,like“Hello,mynameisJune,JuneThompson.”Therepetitionmakesitmorelikelythatotherswillrememberyourname.____30____Ifyouareinvolvedinsportsorhavepetsorliketotravel,theendofyourintroductionisagoodplacetogivethisinformation.Youcouldsaysomethinglike,“WhenI'mnotstudying,Iliketotrainforandruninhalf-marathons.”Thisgivesyourclassmatesandteacheramemorableactivitytotietoyourname.A．Shareinformationaboutyourfamily.B．Herearesomesuggestionsthatcanhelp.C．Don'tbeshyorstaredownattheground.D．That'sbecauseyouarenervousbeforestrangers.E．Offerpersonaldetails,likehobbiesorinterestsyouhave.F．Thiswillalsohelpyouspeakmoreclearlythanifyouweretostayseated.G．Italsoshowsyourclassmatesandyourteacherthatyouarefriendlyandapproachable.Sometimeswemakemeditation(冥想)morecomplicatedthanitneedstobe.Insteadofoverthinkingit,followthestepsbelowtosetyourselfupforsuccess:●FindYourMotivationAswithanynewhabit,it'simportanttounderstandyourmotivationforgettingstarted.ImeditatebecauseIfeellikeitmakesmeacalmerpersonduringtheday.___31___Whateveryourmotivationis,getclearonitandcomebacktoitoften.●ChooseYourToolsWhenyouhavetherighttools,meditationcanfeelalotlessdaunting.Ifindguidedmeditationsaloteasiertofollowthantryingtomeditateinsilence,buteveryonehastheirownpreferences.___32___,IrecommendCalm,Headspace,andInsightTimer.●CreateaMeditationSpaceAlthoughyoucanpracticemeditationanywhere,Ifindithelpfultohaveadesignatedmeditationspacethatfeelsfamiliartoyou.___33___Youmightprefertolayoutayogamatinyourlivingroomorsitonsomepillowsinaquietcorner.Findwhatworksforyou!●___34___Ifyouwanttostartmakingmeditationpartofyourroutine,it'simportanttocarveouttimeforit.I'vefoundthattheonlywayIcangetmyselftodoiteverydayistoopenupmyCalmaperightafterIwakeup.WhenmeditationisthefirstthingIdo,Istartmydayfeelinglessanxious.●TrackYourProgressBothCalmandHeadspacehavebuilt-intrackersthatshowyouhowmanydaysyou'vemeditatedinarow,andIfindthismotivatingbecauseIneverwanttobreakmysteak.___35___youcouldsimplykeeptrackofitinyourdailyto-dolist.A．SetaFixedTimeB．SetaTimeLimitC．IchoosetomeditateuprightinbedD．Ifyou'renotusingeitheroftheseappsE．Ifyou'relookingforagoodmeditationappF．PerhapsyouwanttomeditatetoreduceanxietyG．Ifyoutrymeditatingforthefirsttimewith20minutesWiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,wedon’tknowhowdifferentourlifewillbeinthefuture.___36___.Atfirstwethinkabouthumanrelationships.Intheyear2050,wewillusecomputersalmosteveryday.WewillbemakingnewfriendsthroughtheInternet—evenourhusbandsorwiveswillbemetinthisway.___37___.Ontheotherhand,ourrelationshipwithpeoplewon’tbeasimportantastheyaretoday—wewillfeelalittlelonely.Computerswillalsohelpusinmanyotheractivitiesin2050.Forexample,theywillbeusedbythechildrenatschooltomaketheirlearningeasier.Inaddition,therewillbemuchmoreothermachineswhichwillplayasimilarroleascomputers,likerobotswhichwilldothehouseworkforus.___38___.Travelingtootherplanetsortothemoonwillalsobeavailableforeveryone.Meansoftransportwill,ofcourse,change,too.Wewillbeusingsolar-poweredcars,whichwillbemuchmoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Wecouldexpectthatthefastertechnologicalprogresswouldleadtoamorepollutedenvironment.Butitisn’ttrue.___39___.And,scientistswillprobablyfindcuresformanydangerousdiseases,likecancerorAIDS.Therefore,oursurroundingsaswellashealthwillbeinabettercondition.Althoughwecan’tpredicttheexactchangeswhichwillbemadeintheworld,weoftenthinkaboutthem.Weworryaboutourandourchildren’sfuture;wehaveexpectations,hopesaswellasfears.ButIthinkweshouldberatherconfidentaboutourfuture.___40___.A．However,weareconvincedofthefollowingB．WeshouldbehappyandbelievegoodthingswillhappenC．WewillpaymoreattentiontoprotectingtheenvironmentD．WecanonlyimagineitE．SpendingholidayswillalsobecompletelydifferentF．ItwillbemuchfasterandeasierforusG．OurenvironmentwillbemorepollutedHowtokeepyourchildinterestedinSpaceScienceDoesyourchildwishtoexploreourgalaxy(星系)?DoesSpaceSciencefascinatehim?____41____.Instead,keepfuellinghisinterest.Readontofindoutwhatyoushoulddo.Firstly,bothyouandyourchildshouldunderstandthatworkingataspacecentredoesn’tmeanbeinganastronaut(宇航员)alone.Staffatspacecentresincludemathematicians.scientists,accountants.humanresourcepersonnel,educatorsandsoon.____42____,yourchildmightevengettosendsomeoneintospace.Excellinginacademicsandphysicalfitnessarethekeypointsforbeingselectedascandidates(候选人).Keepingtheseinmind,let’stakealookatfourwaystokeepfuellingyourchild’sinterestinSpaceScience.1.Readbooks.____43____,introduceyourchildtothemearlyon.Nothinglikebookscantransportyourlittleonesintothefascinatingworldofspace.2.Attendspace-themedparties.Planbirthdayorhousepartiesonthethemeofspace.Involveyourchildand,maybe,hisfriendsorcousins,ingettingtheprops,settingsandcostumesready.____44____.Thatway,thepreparationwillbealearningexperienceforyourchild.3.Goonfieldtrips.Whynotvisitplanetariums(天文馆)andspacecentresforholidayoutingswithyourchild?____45____.Yourchildwillgettoseespacescientistsatworkandevengettowatchspecialdocumentariesatthesite.4.Watchspecialspaceevents.Wheneverthereisasatellitelaunchoraneclipse,makesureyougetyourchildtowatchit.Ifyoucandoitlive,thereisnothinglikeit.Therun-uptothecount-downwillsurelyexciteyourchild.Withalltheseactivities,youcansurelykeepyourchild’sinterestinSpaceSciencealive.A．YoucancombinefunandlearningB．IfnotactuallysteppingintospaceC．Trytogo‘home-made’asfaraspossibleD．DonotpreventhimfromdreamingbigE．IfyourchildisdrawntowardsSpaceScienceF．TeachthemnotonlytoaskquestionsbuthowtoresearchanswersG．WhetheritissciencefictionorgeneralknowledgebooksrelatedtospaceKids’birthdaypartiesarewonderfullyfunforall,butinthewaythattheyaretraditionallycelebrated,theyaretheenemyof“zerowasteliving”.Akid’sbirthdaypartycanproducelotsofwaste,fromtheplates,cups,anduneatenfood,tothegiftwrap,presentboxes,anddisposable(一次性的)decorations.Itdoesn’thavetobelikethat,though,asitispossibletoholdabirthdaypartywithoutwaste.Herearesomeideasonhowtocutdownonunnecessarywasteandhaveafuncelebration.InvitationsForgetthethemedpaperinvitations;theygetthrownawayalmostimmediatelyanyway.____46____Themobilephoneisacommoncommunicationtoolwhichenablesyourgueststoreceivetheinvitationatanytime.Decorations____47____Stayawayfromthemaltogether,includingballoons.Ifyoumustdecorate,choosesomereusable,classicdecorationsthatcanbepulledouteverysingleyear,suchascoloredlights.Makeyourownpaintedandpersonalizedbanner,paperhats,andsoon.Keepthemforthenextyear.FoodDon’toverdothefoodpreparation.____48____Soyoushouldputoutonlywhatisnecessary,ratherthanendingupwithloadsofleftoversthatarepotentiallyruinedbythekids.Keeptherestforothermeals.Ifotherparentsbringfood,askthemtobringitinreusablecontainers.GiftsThegiftgivingpartofabirthdaypartycanproducealotofunappealingtrash,whichiswhyyoushouldchooseanalternative.Mykidshavegonetoseveral“toonieparties(atoonieisatwo-dollarcoininCanada),whereeachguestgivestwodollarsintheircardandthatmoneycanbeusedbythebirthdaychildtobuyasingletoy.____49____Inmyyearsofparenting,I’verealizedthatkidsmostlyjustwanttoplaytogether.____50____Inotherwords,youdon’tneedtoworryaboutitnotfeelinglikeabirthday.Furthermore,itwillbeanewandimprovedversionthatdoesn’tincludemassivebagsoftrashattheendoftheday.A．However,mostparentsfindithardtoholda“clean”party.B．Decorationscanusuallymakethepartyroommoreattractive.C．Tryusingabasicemailorphonecalltocreateyourguestlist.D．Decorationsforkids’birthdaypartiesarealmostalwaysdisposable.E．Theywillcreateapartyfeelingwithoutmuchassistancefromparents.F．Kidshardlyeatanythingatbirthdaypartiesbecausethey’resoexcited.G．It’sagreatideaforreducingwasteandmakingachild’sbirthdaywishescometrue.【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除1．无1、E牝2、A牝3、G牝4、F牝5、B【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了加拿大、英国和中国的丰收节。牝1、上文“Aharvestfestivalisacelebrationofthefallmonthsandtheharvestthatoftenesthesemonths(丰收的节日是一个庆典活动，庆祝秋天以及伴随秋天而来的收获季)”可知，文章话题与“丰收的节日”有关。下文各段的小标题分别为“Canada”，“UnitedKingdom”和“China”，可知，文章将介绍这三个国家的“丰收的节日”的方式。E项“Manycountriescelebrateharvestfestivalsindifferentforms.”契合上下文，语义连贯。故选E项。牝2、上文“InCanada,peoplecelebratetheirharvestonThanksgiving(在加拿大，人们在感恩节庆祝丰收)”，A项“Thistraditionissaidtodatebacktothe16thcentury(这个传统据说要追溯到16世纪).”可知，此处“Thistradition”指代上句的“peoplecelebratetheirharvestonThanksgiving”；下文“TheEnglishexplorerMartinFrobisher(1535-1594)cameupontheland,searchingforthe‘NewWorld’.”则解释了这个传统的渊源，呼应了A项的“可追溯到16世纪”的信息。A项承上启下，符合语境。故选A项。牝3、上文“AshearrivedinCanadain1578,hecelebratedsurvivingthelongjourneybyholdingaformalcelebrationandeatingsaltbeefandpeas.(当他在1578年到达加拿大时，他举行了一个正式的庆祝活动，吃咸牛肉和豌豆来庆祝他长途跋涉后的幸存)”可知，感恩节习俗：到家，吃吃喝喝庆祝一下。下文“Oneofthehighlights(高潮)oftheholidayisabigThanksgivingDaymeal,whichusuallyincludesturkeyandbreads,whicharepreparedandpresentedinauniqueCanadianway(感恩节的高潮是感恩节大餐,这通常包括火鸡和面包,这些都加拿大独特的方式制作和呈现)”可知，G项“OnThanksgiving,mostreturnhometogatherwiththeirfamily.(在感恩节，大多数人会回家与家人团聚)”可知，G项中的“回家团聚”是感恩节中的第一环节，和下文提到的大餐缺一不可。故选G项。牝4、上文“Theharvestfestivalmaystartwithcarryingbasketsoffruitsandvegetablestoalocalchurchwherepeoplesingpraisesongsforahealthyharvestwhileprayingforfutureharvests.(丰收节开始时，人们会带着装满水果和蔬菜的篮子到当地的教堂，在那里人们会唱着赞美健康丰收的歌，同时祈祷未来的丰收)”可知，收获节上，教堂收到很多食物。下文“Largedinnersmayalsobehostedwhereeachememberbringsaspecialdishtosharewitheachother.(大型晚宴也可以举办，每个成员都带一份特别的菜彼此分享)”可知，这些食物被用来举办晚宴，人人都可分享，包括那些需要帮助的“不幸的人”。可以推知，英国的丰收节不仅仅庆祝作物的丰收，同时也是一个提醒人们要把自己的食物分享给那些不如自己幸运之人的日子。F项“Aspecialeffortmaybemadetogivefoodtothelessfortunate.(可能会作出特别努力，为那些不幸的人提供食物)”，可知，人们用心良苦，只是假借教会之手，委婉地帮助了那些不幸的人，上下语义连贯。故选F项。牝5、本段第二句“It'sheldonthedayoftheautumnequinox(秋分),whichfallsroughlyonSept22or23.(丰收节是秋分那天举行，大约在9月22日或23日)”，根据句子时态，表客观存在，可知，中国每年举办丰收节。B项“Everyyear,arangeofeventsareorganizednationwide.(每年，全国都会组织一系列的活动)”，B项顺接上一句。而下文“InJiaxing,Zhejiangprovince,farmersbrought100seedvarietiestothemainsiteoftheceremonyinHanhudistrictandplacedtheminawalltomarktheachievementsoftheseedindustry.InHeilongjiangprovince,thefestivalwascombinedwithlocaltraditionsoftheDaurpeopleandthelocalsdancedaroundbonfires.(在浙江省嘉兴市，农民们带着100种种子品种来到汉湖地区举行仪式的主要地点，并将它们放在一堵墙上，以纪念种子产业的成就。在黑龙江省，这个节日与达斡尔族的当地传统相结合，当地人围着篝火跳舞)”可知，这一系列的活动中，以浙江和黑龙江为例，说明中国的丰收节的活动因地而异。B项符合语境。故选B项。6、C牝7、B牝8、E牝9、A牝10、G【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造雪的制作过程以及特点等情况。牝6、根据上文“Winterisconnectedwithfunandgames:snowballfights,skiing,and,everyfouryears,theWinterOlympics.Butwhatwillawintersportsenthusiastdoifthesnowdoesn’tmakeanappearance?(冬天与娱乐和游戏有关：打雪仗、滑雪，以及每四年举行一次的冬季奥运会。但是，如果雪没有出现，冬季运动爱好者该怎么办呢？)”可知，上文提到了没有雪的情况，本句为本段最后一句，应回答上文的问题：人造雪。故C选项“那就到了人造雪出场的时候”符合语境，故选C项。牝7、根据上文“Artificialsnowismorelikeatightlypackedfrozensnowthatispartlymelt.(人造雪更像是一种部分融化的紧密的冰冻雪)”以及后文“Theyarebrokenupbyahigh-pressurepumpatfirstandthenturnintosmallfrozenpieces.(它们首先被高压泵分解，然后变成小的冷冻碎片)”可知，本句是在说明后文被高压泵分解的是什么：水滴，B选项中waterdrops对应后文they，故B选项“它是由水滴制成的”符合语境，故选B项。牝8、根据后文“At-4℃asnowcannoncanoperateataround80%humidity.Butiftheoutsidetemperatureis-1℃,thismustbereducedtoaround30%humidity.(在-4℃时，雪炮可以在80%左右的湿度下工作。但如果室外温度为-1℃，这必须降低到30%左右的湿度)”可知，本句启示下文，指出温度对造雪的作用。故E选项“温度在造雪中也起着重要作用”符合语境，故选E项。牝9、根据上文“In1980,theOlympicsheldinAmericabecamethefirstWinterGamestousemachine-madesnow.(1980年，在美国举行的奥运会成为第一次使用机器造雪的冬奥会)”以及后文“ArtificialsnowalsoappearedatthetworecentWinterOlympics,inSochi,Russia(2014),andVancouver,BritishColumbia(2010).Andthe2022WinterOlympicsinBeijingisthefirsttorelyentirelyonartificialsnow.(人造雪也出现在最近的两届冬奥会上，分别是俄罗斯索契（2014年）和不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华（2010年）。2022年北京冬奥会是第一次完全依靠人工雪举办的冬奥会)”可知，后文提到了另外两届使用机器造雪的冬奥会，可见美国不是最后一个使用机器造雪的冬奥会。故A选项“但他们不是最后一个”符合语境，故选A项。牝10、根据后文“TheInternationalOlympicCommitteestatesthatitcreatesamoreconsistentsurface.Inaddition,thesnowthatcomesfromacannonisicierthannaturalsnow.Itmeltsmoreslowly,andprovidesahardersurfaceforathleteslookingforspeed.ThefirstOlympicsusingentirelyartificialsnowwillprobablynotbethelast.(国际奥委会表示，它创造了一个更一致的表面。此外，大炮上的雪比天然雪更冷。它融化得更慢，为寻求速度的运动员提供了更坚硬的表面。第一届完全使用人工雪的奥运会可能不会是最后一届)”可知，本段主要说明了人造雪的一些优点，可见很值得使用。故G选项“人造雪很值得在冬奥会上使用”符合语境，故选G项。11、G牝12、C牝13、F牝14、B牝15、D【分析】本文是一篇说明文。越野跑是人类亲近大自然的一种运动方式，是运动就可能有风险、就可能遭遇损伤、就需要做好预防措施。本文给出了一些预防措施建议。牝11、根据本空前句“Crosscountryisanoutdoorendurancesportthatcanbementallychallengingandfun.（越野是一项户外耐力运动，对脑力有挑战，也很有趣）”及后句“You’renotonlyputtingonefootinfrontoftheother；you’realsothinkingaheadtobarriersandchangesinthetrailorcourse.（你不仅要一步一步地往前走，你还要提前考虑障碍和路线上的变化）”可知,越野是一项户外耐力运动,能给参与者带来精神挑战和乐趣。这种跑步与竞赛需要身心同时投入。参与者不仅仅是简单地迈步向前,还要预想前方路上或赛道上可能出现的障碍与变化。由此可知，G项Thistypeofrunningandracinghasbothaphysicalandpsychologicalrole.（这种类型的跑步和比赛具有身体和心理双重作用）切题。故选G项。牝12、根据本空后句“However,beforeyoubegintrainingandracing,youshouldbeawareofpotentialinjuriesandhowtoavoidthem.”（然而，在你开始训练和比赛之前，你应该知道潜在的伤害以及如何避免它们）可知,与其他团体运动相比,它通常都很安全。但是,在开始训练并参赛前,参与者就应该了解潜在的损伤及如何预防损伤。由此可知，C项It’smostlyverysafeincomparisontootherteamsports.（与其他团队运动相比，它基本上是非常安全的）。故选C项。牝13、根据本空前句“Forallrunnersandathletes,aregularstretchingroutineisanimportantpartofconditioning.”（对于所有跑步者和运动员来说，有规律的伸展运动是训练的重要组成部分）可推测出规律的拉伸是所有跑者和运动员训练的重要组成部分。要保持骨骼、关节、肌肉、韧带和跟腱健康,拉伸都是必要的。承接上文,F项Itisneededtokeepyourbones,joints,andmuscleshealthy.（它是保持骨骼、关节和肌肉健康所必需的）符合语境。故选F项。牝14、根据本空前句“Weartherightshoes.Makesureyourshoesfitproperlyandthattheyareneithertootight-fittingnortooloose.（穿合适的鞋子。确保你的鞋子合适，既不太紧也不太松）”可知确保鞋合脚,而不是过紧或过松。给鞋带打双结,以免被松开的鞋带绊倒。由此可知，B项Tiedouble-knotstopreventtrippingoverundonelaces.（打双结，以防止被解开的鞋带绊倒）符合语境。故选B项。牝15、根据本空前句“consumingtoofewcaloriescanharmyourbody,especiallyifyou’reagirlorwomansubjecttoeatingdisorders.”（摄入太少的卡路里会伤害你的身体，尤其是如果你是一个饮食失调的女孩或女性）和空格后的“It’seffectivetopreventinjuryandheatillness.Rememberthatespeciallyinfullsunorinhumidregionsofthestate,youparticularlytendtoheatstroke.Drinkplentyofwaterbeforeandafterrunning.”（能有效防止受伤和中暑。记住，尤其是在阳光充足或潮湿的地区，你特别容易中暑。跑步前后要多喝水）可知,有竞争力的长跑运动员喜欢保持低体重。然而,摄入热量过低会损伤身体,特别是对于遭受饮食紊乱症的女孩或成年女性来说。应均衡饮食,保障充足饮水,以预防损伤和中暑。特别是在全日照和高湿度地区,跑者尤其容易中暑。跑前和跑后都需要大量饮水。由此可知，D项Haveawell-balanceddietandbesuretostaywell-hydrated.（饮食要均衡，确保水分充足）符合语境。故选D项。16、D牝17、F牝18、C牝19、B牝20、E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了骑自行车再次受到欢迎的现象及原因。牝16、根据空格前的“Mostofuslearnedwhenwewerekids,”可知，空格处应为并列连词连接的分句，故正确答案在A、D中选。上文提到“大多数人小时候就学会了骑自行车”，D项“许多人在成年后仍能轻松地保持这项技能。”中thisskill指代torideabike，intoadulthood与whenwewerekids相对，符合文意。故选D项。牝17、根据空格前的“Cyclingcanimproveyourhealthandburnextrabodyfat.Strengtheningthelegmuscleshelpstoincreaseyourspeed.（骑自行车可以改善你的健康，燃烧多余的脂肪。加强腿部肌肉有助于提高速度。）”可知，上文主要介绍骑自行车对身体的好处。空格后“Alongrideinthecountrysidecouldhelpyoutoclearyourmind,orde-stress.（在农村长途骑行可以帮助你理清思路，或缓解压力。）”介绍骑自行车对心理健康的好处。F项“它的好处不仅仅是身体上的，还有精神上的”，承上启下，符合文意。故选F项。牝18、根据空格前的“Cyclingcanbeagreatwaytocommute（通勤）orgetabouttown.（骑自行车是上下班或在城里走动的好方法）”可知，本段主要介绍骑自行车在通勤方面的好处。C项“骑自行车可以节省燃料或火车费”进一步补充骑自行车省钱的优点，与最后一段中“togetabouttown,fortheirwallet,”相呼应，符合文意。故选C项。牝19、根据空格前的“Then,onthetrain,therearechangesatstationsandothercommutersspeakingloudlyontheirphonestodealwith.（然后，在火车上，需要应对车站的变化以及其他通勤者大声打电话。）”可知，空格处需要指出骑自行车不同于以上两处的优点。B项“骑自行车的人不会面临这两个问题”符合文意。故选B项。牝20、空格处的句子应为本段的主旨句。根据空格后的“It