中考英语语法专项冠词知识点及练习

Grammarlesson2冠词冠词的含义冠词是一种虚词，没有词义。冠词不能单独使用，通常放在名词前，修饰名词。（口诀：名词是秃子，常要带帽子）冠词的类别及用法（1）不定冠词（a/an）首次提到的人或物，并非特指，含有介绍作用。Ihaveawatch.Itisveryexpensive.我有一块手表，它很贵。用在单数普通名词前，可以指一类人或事物。Aplanerunsfasterthanatrain.飞机跑的比火车快。用于物质，抽象名词前haveagreattimeabigsuccessa+序数词（first除外），表示“又一，再一”。ThecakeisdeliciousandIwouldlikeasecondone.这个蛋糕真美味，我还想再来一个。a和an的使用区别a用在辅音字母开头的单词前（除a,e,i,o,u外的字母））amovieatoolapanyan用在元音字母开头的单词前（a,e,i,o,u）anappleanelephantanicecreamanonion（洋葱）anumbrella✳特殊auniversityausefulbookaUFOanhour一小时anhonor一种荣誉补充：冠词在单个字母前的用法Mr.Lihasonefox.这句话中的每一个字母的前，都用冠词an,其余字母用aThereis________“u”and_________“l”inthewordumbrella.Thereis________“n”and_________“f”inthewordknife.定冠词（the）特指某（些）人或某（些）物ThebookIamreadingisveryinteresting.用于上文提到的人或物Thereisabookshopoverthere.Thebookshopismyfavourite.用在序数词和形容词最高级前Maryisthemostbeautifulgirlinmyclass.Heisthefirstpersonwhoeatsthefood.用在形容词前，表示一类人thepoortherichtheyoungtheoldtheblind用于独一无二的事物前thesuntheearththemoon用于西洋乐器前playthepianoplaytheviolin用在姓氏的复数名词前，表示一家人theSmiths用于普通名词组成的专有名词前theYellowRivertheUnitedStatestheSpringFestivaltheGreatWall用在表示方位的名词前Thetemperatureislowerinthenorth,buthigherinthesouth.Thereisabigtreeontheleft.用在逢十的复数数词前表示年代inthe1990’s/1990s冠词的位置通常情况：冠词位于名词前，若名词前有形容词修饰，冠词要放在形容词之前。如：abeautifulflower;aclevergirl特殊情况：①不定冠词在half,such,what,many之后。如：suchanicegirl(=soniceagirl)halfanhourManyastudenthaspassedtheexam.(=Manystudentshavepassedtheexam.)Whatabeautifulflower!(=Howbeautifulaflower!)②不定冠词在as,so,how,too修饰的形容词之后。如：Howcoldadayitis!(=Whatacolddayitis!)③副词quite和rather可置于不定冠词之前。如：It’squiteanicehorse.(=It’saverynicehorse)//It’sratherahotdaytoday.(=It’saveryhotdaytoday)④当名词由both或all,whole修饰时，定冠词须放在both或all之后,whole之前。如：allthestudents,boththechildren,thewholestory【拓展】有无定冠词的区别：atthetable在桌子旁 attable吃饭attheschool在学校里 atschool在上学bythesea在海边 bysea乘船gototheschool到学校去 gotoschool去上学intheclass在班里 inclass在课堂上inthefrontof在…前面（范围内部）infrontof在…前面（范围外部）inthehospital在医院里 inhospital（因病）住院intheprison在监狱里（不一定是犯人) inprison在坐牢（3）零冠词英语中由很多名词前不加冠词，这种情况称为零冠词。零冠词可以用在复数名词，不可数名词及某些专有名词前。复数名词，不可数名词前Pandasarecute.Weneedairandwater.人名，地名，国家，州前面Judyisabrave（勇敢的）rabbit.WewillgotoNewYorkthissummer.头衔，职位和称呼前ProfessorLeeisgoodatswimming.月份，星期和西方节日前IwasborninMay.IhaveEnglishlessonsonSundays.IgotmanygiftsonChildren’sDay三餐四季前What’sfordinner?havebreakfast/lunch吃早饭/午饭Summerising.语言/球类/棋类运动前IcanspeakEnglish.playfootball/basketball/chess介词by后面跟有关交通工具的名词时bycar/bike/train/underground（地铁）【背诵】thenumberof......的数量introuble陷入麻烦facetoface面对面ontheotherhand另一方面onbusiness出差allthesame仍然onshow展览intheopenair在户外dayandnight日日夜夜onfire着火【课堂练习】单选题Jenny,whynotgofor______picnicthisSaturday?Soundsgreat.2.After_______school,Ibought______presentformymother.A./;a B.a;/ C.a;the D.the;/3.Thereis_______bankacrossfromthehospital. D./4.______medicalbookTianHuiYiJianbyBianQueandCangGonghaseoutinChengdu.5.Igotadogyesterdayasabirthdaygift.________dogisverycuteandIlikeit.6.Chinahashelpedendover70%ofpovertyworldwidesince_____late1970s,accordingto_______WorldBank.A.a;a B.the;the C.a;the D.the;a7.BenwatchedTomandJerryyesterday.________cartoonmadehimlaugh. D./8.MybrotherTomcanplay_________pingpongwell,buthecan'tplay_______violin.A.the:/ B.the:the C./;the9.MeandMyWinterGamesis________interestingfilm.It'sagiftforBeijing2022. D./10.Mybrotheroftenplays________footballwithhisclassmatesafterschool. C./ 11.Tianwen1probe(探测器)sent_______firstpictureofMarsbacktoChinainFebruary,2021.12.As_______teacher,it'simportanttobe______goodrolemodelfortheirstudents.A.the;a B.a;the C.a;a D.the;the13.Shallweplay______basketballthisafternoon?Goodidea！Doyouhave_______basketball?A.the;a B.a;a C./;/ D./;a14.Takingthetrainis_______goodwaytoseetheworld. D./15.Paperis_____usefulinvention.Itwasinventedaround2,000yearsagobyCaiLun. C./ 16.What_______excitingnewsitis！ D./17.______thousandmilejourneybeginswith_______firststep.A.A;the B.The;a C.The;the D.A;a18.Chinais______oldcountrywith______longhistory.A.the;a B.a;a C.an;the D.an;a19.IsRussia______Europeancountry?Yes,thoughmostofitliesinAsia.a B./ Ilikeapples.______appleadaykeepsthedoctoraway. D./21.Iusuallyhave_______eggandsomebreadforbreakfast. B.a 22.Whois_______maninfrontofthepostoffice?Theonewith_______umbrella?HeisourEnglishteacher.the;a B.the;an C.a;an D.a;the23.Heistruetoeverybodyparents,teachersandfriends.Yes,heis_______honestperson.a C./SomesmallshopsinBritainusuallyclosefor_______hourat______lunchtime.an;the B.a;/ C.a;the D.an;/Chengduisin_______southwestofChinaandithas_______populationofmorethan20million.A.the;the B.a;the C.the;a26.You'vedropped_______“s”inthewordnecessary.Oh,______letter“s”isdoubled.an;a B.a;the C.an;the D.the;the用a,an或the填空，若不需要填写,则划“