江苏省泰州市兴化市2023-2024学年高三年级上册12月模拟考试模拟预测英语试题（解析版）

2023年秋学期第四次阶段测试

高三英语试卷

（考试用时：120分钟总分：150分）

注意事项：

1.本试卷共分两部分、第1卷为选择题，第II卷为非选择题。

2.所有试题的答案均填写在答题卡上，答案写在试卷上的无效。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂

到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅

读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?

A.WatchingTV.B.Writingaschoolreport.C.Readingajournalarticle.

2.Whatwillthespeakersdofirst?

A.Boardthetrain.B.Shopforsomegifts.C.Lookforarestaurant.

3.Whichplacewillthespeakersprobablyheadfornext?

A.Thegarden.B.Thekitchen.C.Thediningroom.

4.Whatdoesthemanadvisethegirltodo?

A.Playwithherbrother.B.Buyanewrobot.C.Dootherthings.

5.Wherewillthespeakersprobablyhavethepicnic?

A.Intheforest.B.Inthenearbytown.C.Atthetopofthehill.

第二节（共15小题,每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小

题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Howlonghasthemanbeenaweddingphotographer?

A.For16years.B.For24years.C.For.40years.

7.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Aweddingceremony.B.Theman'scareerstory.C.Amodemdigitalcamera.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Husbandandwife.B.Dentistandpatient.C.Teacherandstudent.

9.Whydoesthemanapologizetothewoman?

A.Forforgettingtobuyheragift.

B.Forstartingthemoviewithouther.

C.Fortakingashowerforalongtime.

10.Howdoesthewomanfeelattheendoftheconversation?

A.Amused.B.Annoyed.C.Thankful.

听第8段材料、回答第11至13题。

11.WhywasthewomanworriedaboutLily?

A.Shesuddenlybecameshyandquiet.

B.Shehadtostudyatanewschool.

C.Herfriendsweretootalkative.

12.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Athome.B.Inalibrary.C.Inaclassroom.

13.WhatdoweknowaboutLily?

A.Sheisbadatwritingstories.

B.Shecan'tconcentrateonherstudies.

C.Shegoestothelibraryeveryweek.

听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14.WhatwasJohndoingatthetimeoftheaccident?

A.Buyingsomefood.B.Walkingtotheshop.C.Talkingonthephone.

15.HowdidJohnprobablygethurt?

A.Hefellintoahole.B.Hewashitbyacar.C.Hetrippedoverastone.

16.WhowilldriveJohntothehospital?

A.Thewoman'scolleague.B.Hisdaughter.C.Thewoman.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.WhathappenedtothelittledogmetbyKlongsanum?

A.Hewaslostandalone.

B.Hehadbeenhitbyacar.

C.Hewasrunningonabusyroad.

18.WhatdidKlongsanundofirsttohelpthedogaftertherace?

A.Shetookhimtoapethospital.

B.Shetriedtofindhisowner.

C.Sheadoptedhimherself.

19.HowmanycatsdoesKlongsanunhave?

A.28.B.30.C.58.

20.WhatisKlongsanun?sbiggestdream?

A.Helpingmorehomelesspeople.

B.Becomingamarathonchampion.

C.Creatingananimalrescuecenter.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题,每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上

将选项涂黑。

A

VolunteerbysupportingalocalanimalrescuecenterinCostaRica!

Ifyoulikeanimalsandarealsointerestedinpreservingtheenvironmentyouwillbeperfectforthis

program.Youwillbehelpingoutinandsupportingalocalanimalshelter.Notonlydoesthissheltertake

inhomelessanimals,butalsowildanimalswhichareinbadcondition.

Inadditiontothecaretakingoftheanimals,volunteershelpuswelcomevisitorsattheentranceandanswerany

questionsthatvisitorsmayhaveabouttheshelteroritsanimals.Asvolunteersspendmoredaysintheshelter,

knowledgeaboutwildlifemanagementwillgrow.

Requirements

*Youneedtobeatleast15yearsoldontheprogramstartdateatthehighschoollevelorabove.

*SpeakingEnglishisabasicrequirement.

*Norestrictionsonnationality.HelpinghandsbothinCostaRicaandbeyondarewelcome.

*Yourhelpinghandwillberequiredfrom09:00to15:00onMonday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Saturday

andSunday.

Programfees

DunUicmProgramfees

1week(minimumstay)S3S0

2weeksS700

3weeksSI,050

4weeks$1,400

5weeks$1.750

50weeks(maximumMay)SI7.SOO

*Bookingpayments(15%):Thebookingpaymentissimplytoreserveyourvolunteerplacement.Paymentis

madebyPayPal.Youcanalsopayusingacreditcard.

*Finalpayments(85%):YourfinalpaymentwillbeagreedwithVolunteerNowCostaRicaduring

theapplicationprocess.

1.Whatcanavolunteerdointherescuecenter?

A.Communicatewithvisitors.B.Gettrainedtoplaceanimals.

C.Givelecturesaboutanimals.D.Searchforhomelessanimals.

2.Whocanvolunteerintheprogram?

A.AFrench-speakingadult.B.Aprimaryschoolchild.

C.AcollegestudentfromAmerica.D.AlocalpersonfreeonFridays.

3.Howmuchshouldavolunteerpayatleasttomakeareservation?

A.$52.5.B.$105,C.$297.5.D.$350.

【答案】l.A2.C3.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了如何申请支持哥斯达黎加当地动物救援中心的志愿者。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“Inadditiontothecaretakingoftheanimals,volunteershelpuswelcomevisitorsat

theentranceandansweranyquestionsthatvisitorsmayhaveabouttheshelteroritsanimals.”（除了照顾动物

外，志愿者还帮助我们在入口处欢迎游客，并回答游客可能对收容所或动物的任何问题）可知，志愿者在

救援中心可以与参观者沟通。故选A项。

【2题详解】

推理判断题。根据Requirements中“*Youneedtobeatleast15yearsoldontheprogramstartdateatthehigh

schoollevelorabove.*SpeakingEnglishisabasicrequirement.*Norestrictionsonnationality.Helpinghands

bothinCostaRicaandbeyondarewelcome.*Yourhelpinghandwillberequiredfrom09:00to15:00onMonday,

Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,SaturdayandSunday."（*您需要在课程开始日期至少15岁，高中或以上水

平。会说英语是基本要求。*国籍不限。欢迎来自哥斯达黎加和其他国家的援助之手。*星期一、二、三、

四、六、日的09:00至15:00需要您的帮助）可知，一位来自美国的大学生可以自愿参加这个项目。故选C

项。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据Programfees中aIweek（minimumstay）$350”以及"Bookingpayments（15%）w（预订

费用（15%））可知，志愿者至少要付350X15%=52.5美元，才能预约。故选A项。

B

AnyannaPhilippsisnoordinaryteacher.She'sanadmiredkindergarteneducatorforwhomteachingisamission.

Shebelievesthatself-respectandstrongrelationshipsaretherealbuildingblocksofeducationaldevelopmentand

thepathtoself-actualizationinlife.AndPhilipps,knownasCoolMissP,continuestowinheartsonsocialmedia,as

wellasintheclassroom,withmillionsofviewsonTikTokandInstagram.

Philipps,fromGeorgia,intheUS,isonamissiontoputself-respectintothelittleonessheworkswith.Shehas

hungamirroronherclassroomdoorsothechildrencanpracticedaily"mirroraffirmations（肯定）"asshe

enthusiasticallyencouragesthemto"bethebestthatyoucanbe”.

Sinceshewasyoung,Philippswastoldbypeoplearoundherthatherloveforchildrenwouldmakeheragreat

teacheroneday.Shewasalsoinspiredbyseveralofherownteachers.Thenaseriousaccidentlastyearmadeherfeel

gratefulforlivingandencouragedhertobringjoyintoherclassroom.Shetriestomakesurethatherstudentsare

happybyputtingherheartintodevelopingtheteacher-studentrelationship.

PhilippssharesoneofherInstagramposts:"Iamstickingtomypurpose.Iamateacher,workingtoimpact,

inspire,andelevateallofthesepreciouslittlelives.Foryoungkids,positiveaffirmationscanhelpmakethemfeel

capableofdoingmore4bigkid5things.Theycanalsohelpincreasekids'self-respectandmakethemmoreresilient

（有承受力）tobullyingandothernegativelifesituations.^^

CoolMissPputsthisideaintoactioneachandeveryschooldaytoinspireallheryoungstudents.Soifsnot

surprisingthatsomanypeopleviewingherpostsleavecommentssayingthattheworldneedsmoreteacherslikeher.

4.WhydoesPhilippshangamirroronherclassroomdoor?

A.Toraisestudents9confidence.B.Todecoratetheclassroom.

C.Tolighttheclassroom.D.Tocheckstudents9appearance.

5.WhatdidPhilippsdecidetodoaftertheaccident?

A.Askpreviousteachersforadvice.

B.Strengthenconnectionwithstudents.

C.Carryoutteachingoutsidetheclassroom.

D.Attractpeople'sattentiontoearlyeducation.

6.Whatistheimpactofherpositiveaffirmationsforchildren?

A.Theywillbeinaneasiersituation.

B.Theywillsubmittobullyingoncampus.

C.Theycandealwithchallengespositively.

D.Theywillfeellesshesitanttoaskforhelp.

7.Whatispeople'sattitudetowardsPhilipps5spracticeinteaching?

A.Approving.B.Indifferent.C.Unclear.D.Doubtful.

【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述AnyannaPhilipps用“镜子肯定”法让学生建立自信。

【4题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段的"Shehashungaminoronherclassroomdoorsothechildrencanpracticedaily

“mirroraffirmations（肯定）“assheenthusiasticallyencouragesthemto“bethebestthatyoucanbe”.（她在教室门

上挂了一面镜子，这样孩子们就可以每天练习“镜子肯定"，她热情地鼓励他们“尽你所能做到最好“）”

可知，Philipps挂镜子在教室门口是为了让孩子肯定自己。由此推知，她这样作的目的是提高孩子们的自

信。故选A。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段的“Thenaseriousaccidentlastyearmadeherfeelgratefulforlivingandencouraged

hertobringjoyintoherclassroom.Shetriestomakesurethatherstudentsarehappybyputtingherheartinto

developingtheteacher-studentrelationship.1；去年的一次严重事故让她对自己的生活感到感激，并鼓励她把快

乐带进课堂。她努力通过全心全意地发展师生关系来确保学生们的快乐）”可知，一场事故后Philipps决定

加强与学生的关系，以确保他们是快乐的。故选B。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的"Foryoungkids,positiveaffirmationscanhelpmakethemfeelcapableof

doingmore'bigkid'things.Theycanalsohelpincreasekids'self-respectandmakethemmoreresilient（有承受

力）tobullyingandothernegativelifesituations.”（对于年幼的孩子来说，积极的肯定可以让他们觉得自己有能

力做更多“大孩子”的事情。他们还可以帮助提高孩子们的自尊，使他们更能适应欺凌和其他消极的生活

状况）”可知，自我肯定对孩子们的影响是他们可以积极乐观的应对欺凌和其他消极的生活状况，即积极地

应对挑战。故选C。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Soifsnotsurprisingthatsomanypeopleviewingherpostsleavecomments

sayingthattheworldneedsmoreteacherslikeher.（因此，看到她的帖子的人留言说世界需要更多像她这样的

老师也就不足为奇了）”可知，人们认为他们需要像Philipps这样的老师。由此推知，他们对Philipps的课

堂实践是赞同的。故选A。

C

Today5sBrusselssprouts（抱子甘蓝）tastebetterthanyoumightrememberfromchildhood,andthatisbecause

anewvarietyhasreplacedtheoriginalvegetable.Youcanthankplantbreeders（植物育种家）forthechange.Modern

breeders,armedwithnewgene-editingtechnology,arelookingtoreproduceBrusselssprouts5reinvention.

Inthelate1990s,scientistsdiscoveredspecificchemicalswhichmadeBrusselssproutstastebitter.Plant

breedersstartedgrowingoldseeds,previouslyabandonedduetopooryields（产量），tolookfortastierversionswith

lowerlevelsofthesespecificchemicals.Thentheycrossedthesedeliciousbutlow-yieldplantswithhigh-yield

individualsuntiltheyfoundaversionthatmadeplentyoftastysprouts,transformingthevegetablefromabitterpill

intoapopulardish.

Butothervegetableshaven'tfaredaswell.Thafsbecausemostbreedingdecisionsfavorplanttraitsthatmatter

tovegetablegrowers,notvegetableeaters.Forinstance,diseaseresistanceisprobablythemajorfocusthesedaysof

mostbreedingprogramsbecausethatpreventsthefarmerfromgrowingthecrop.Thetasteofvegetablesisignored.

People,however,arenowbecominginterestedinprioritizingthetasteofvegetablesthanksinparttonewgenetic

technologysuchasthegene-snippingtechniqueCRISPRandDNAsequencingwhichischeapenoughtousewidely.

“There'sneverbeenabettertimetobeafruitbreederoravegetablebreederbecausewehavemoretoolsand

techniques,9,saysSusanBrown,anapplebreederatCornellUniversity.

Somecompaniesarebeginningtousethosetoolstodealwiththechallengeofdevelopingtastiervegetables.

Onecompany,Pairwise,isfightingthesamecompoundsthattroubledBrusselssprouts:glucosinolates.Butthistime

researchersareimprovingtheflavorofsaladgreens.

Allvegetablegrowershopethatmoreflavorfulproductsonstoreshelveswillconvincepeopletoconsumethe

recommendedallowances（推荐量）offruitsandvegetables——anddosobetterthandecadesofnutritionalguidance

have."Don'twasteyourtimetalkingabouttryingtoeducatepeopletoeatbetter,saidHarryKlee,aprofessorwho

specializesintomatobreeding.t4Justgivethemproductsthattastebetterandthattheywanttoeat.”

8.WhydidplantbreedersgrowoldBrusselssproutseeds?

A.TofindoutwhyBrusselssproutsarebitter.

B.TofindthelessbitterversionsofBrusselssprouts.

C.TostudythespecificchemicalsofBrusselssprouts.

D.Toselecthigh-yieldingversionsofBrusselssprouts.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"fhred“inparagraph3mean?

A.ProfitedB.Emerged.C.Survived.D.Succeeded.

10.WhatcanwelearnfromSusanBrown?swordsinparagraph4?

A.Fruitandvegetablebreedingtechniquesarebooming.

B.Fruitandvegetablebreedingtechniquesneednofurtherimprovement.

C.Fruitandvegetablebreedersarestrugglingtodevelopnewspecies.

D.Fruitandvegetablebreedersshoulddevelopnewgenetictechnology.

11.WhichisthebestwaytogetpeopletoeatmorefruitsandvegetablesaccordingtoHarryKlee?

A.Enhancingthetasteofvegetablesandfruits.

B.Makingvegetablesandfruitsmoreaffordableforpeople.

C.Improvingthenutritionalcontentofvegetablesandfruits.

D.Educatingpeopleaboutthebenefitsofvegetablesandfruits.

【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家通过育种来让抱子甘蓝变得没那么苦，这一成功主要是

因为基因技术的发达，一些公司开始使用这些工具来应对开发更美味蔬菜的挑战。

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段"Thentheycrossedthesedeliciousbutlow-yieldplantswithhigh-yieldindividuals

untiltheyfoundaversionthatmadeplentyoftastysprouts,transformingthevegetablefromabitterpillintoa

populardish.（然后，他们将这些美味但产量低的植物与产量高的个体杂交，直到找到一种能长出大量美味

嫩芽的品种，把这种蔬菜从一颗苦药丸变成了一道受欢迎的菜）”可推知，植物育种家种植老球抱子甘蓝种

子是为了寻找不那么苦的抱子甘蓝。故选B。

【9题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第二段“Thentheycrossedthesedeliciousbutlow-yieldplantswithhigh-yieldindividuals

untiltheyfoundaversionthatmadeplentyoftastysprouts,transformingthevegetablefromabitterpillintoa

populardish.（然后，他们将这些美味但产量低的植物与产量高的个体杂交，直到找到一种能长出大量美味

嫩芽的品种，把这种蔬菜从一颗苦药丸变成了一道受欢迎的菜）”以及划线词后文"That,sbecausemost

breedingdecisionsfavorplanttraitsthatmattertovegetablegrowers,notvegetableeaters.Forinstance,disease

resistanceisprobablythemajorfocusthesedaysofmostbreedingprogramsbecausethatpreventsthefarmerfrom

growingthecrop.Thetasteofvegetablesisignored.（这是因为大多数育种决定都有利于蔬菜种植者的植物性

状，而不是吃蔬菜的人。例如，抗病性可能是目前大多数育种计划的主要焦点，因为这阻碍了农民种植作

物。蔬菜的味道被忽略了）”结合but表示转折，可推知，上文提到种植老球芽甘蓝种子是为了寻找不那么

苦的抱子甘蓝，后文则说蔬菜的味道被忽略了可知其他的蔬菜没有成功。故划线词意思是“成功”。故选

Do

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段uPeople,however,arenowbecominginterestedinprioritizingthetasteofvegetables

thanksinparttonewgenetictechnologysuchasthegene-snippingtechniqueCRISPRandDNAsequencingwhich

ischeapenoughtousewidely."There'sneverbeenabettertimetobeafruitbreederoravegetablebreederbecause

wehavemoretoolsandtechniques,9,saysSusanBrown,anapplebreederatCornellUniversity.（然而，人们现在

开始对蔬菜的味道感兴趣,这在一定程度上要归功于新的基因技术,如基因剪切技术CRISPR和DNA测序，

这些技术足够便宜，可以广泛使用。康奈尔大学的苹果育种专家苏珊•布朗表示：“现在是水果育种或蔬菜育

种的最佳时机，因为我们有更多的工具和技术。可推知，苏珊・布朗的话表明水果和蔬菜育种技术正在蓬

勃发展。故选A。

【11题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段""Don'twasteyourtimetalkingabouttryingtoeducatepeopletoeatbetter,said

HarryKlee,aprofessorwhospecializesintomatobreeding.4"Justgivethemproductsthattastebetterandthatthey

wanttoeat."（“不要浪费时间谈论如何教育人们吃得更好，”专门研究番茄育种的教授HarryKlee说。

“只要给他们提供味道更好、他们想吃的产品就行了。“）”可知，根据HarryKlee的说法，让人们多吃水

果和蔬菜的最好方法是提高蔬菜和水果的味道。故选A。

D

Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysician

CarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.Sincethen,ifsbecomesowidelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstone

forhealth-adiagnostictoolusedbyphysiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofwhethersomeoneissickorwell.

However,itturnsoutthatthiswell-establishedfactisn't,infact,correct-or,toputitmoreaccurately,humanbeings

havebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.

Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowcomparedto

theacceptednorm（标准）sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJuliePar-sonnet,MD,professorofmedicineandofhealth

researchandpolicy,decidedtodoamorein-depthstudytocomparemodernmeasurementswithhistoricalrecords

totrytoidentifybodytemperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.

Fortheirresearch,theStanfordteamlookedatthreedistinctdatasetsfromtwohistoricalperiods.Aftergoing

through677,423temperaturemeasurements,theteamfoundthatmenbominthe21stcenturyhadanaveragebody

temperatureof0.6℃lowerthanthatofthosebomintheearly19thcenturywhilemodernwomenshowedanaverage

decreaseof0.03℃comparedtothoseborninthe1890s.

Astowhythisishappening,theresearcherssaythatthemostlikelymechanismisareductioninthehuman

metabolicrate（代谢率）duetoenvironmentalfactors:Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200

yearshavereducedtheincidenceofinflammations（炎症）,whichpromotemetabolism.Thiscombinedwithpeople

livingmorecomfortablelivesinmorestableenvironmentsmeansthatthebodydoesn'thavetoworkashardtostay

warm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.

“Theenvironmentthatwe'relivinginhaschanged,includingthetemperatureinourhomes,ourcontactwith

microorganisms（微生物）andthefoodthatwehaveaccessto.Allthesethingsmeanthatalthoughweconsider

humanbeingsasthesameforallofhumanevolution,we'renotthesame.We'reactuallychangingphysiologically,

Parsonnetsaid.

12.WhatisCarlReinholdAugustWunderlich'sachievement?

A.Hesetupstandardsforhumanhealthservices.

B.Hepredictedtrendsinhumanbodytemperature.

C.Hefirstusedbodytemperatureasahealthindicator.

D.Heproposedthestandardhumanbodytemperature.

13.WhatcanwelearnabouttheStanfordteam'sstudy?

A.Itshowswomenhavealowerbodytemperaturethanmen.

B.Itproveshumanbodytemperaturehasdroppedatafasterrate.

C.Itcomparedhistoricalandcurrenthumanbodytemperaturedata.

D.Itsuggestedupdatingthedefinitionoftheaveragebodytemperature.

14.Whichofthefollowingisthoughttocausethedecreaseinhumanbodytemperature?

A.Theimprovedlivingconditions.

B.Thecontactwithothercreatures.

C.Thedeclineinphysicallydemandingwork.

D.Theadaptationofhumanstoclimatechange.

15.Whichonecouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Whatexactlyisnormalhumanbodytemperature?

B.Whydoeshumanbodytemperatureneedmeasuring?

C.Humanbodytemperaturehasdecreasedovertheyears

D.Humanbodytemperaturechangeswiththeenvironment

【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，人类的平均标准体温在下降，传统意义上的37℃的标准体温已经

不适用于所有人。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirst

presentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.（1851年，德国医生CarlReinhold

AugustWunderlich首次提出了正常人体温度约为37℃的观点。）”和第二段中的“Recentstudieshave

shownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowcomparedtotheacceptednorm（最近的

研究表明，与公认的标准相比，人群的体温记录往往较低）”可知，CarlReinholdAugustWunderlichJlttlA

类标准体温大约是37℃。故选D项。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehave

tendedtorunlowcomparedtotheacceptednorm（标准），sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJuliePar-sonnet,MD,

professorofmedicineandofhealthresearchandpolicy,decidedtodoamorein-depthstudytocomparemodern

measurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybodytemperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereason

whythiscoolingishappening.（最近的研究表明，与公认的标准相比，人群的体温记录往往较低，因此，由

医学、健康研究与政策教授JulieParsonnet医学博士领导的斯坦福大学团队决定进行一项更深入的研究，

将现代测量值与历史记录进行比较，试图确定体温趋势，揭示这种冷却现象发生的原因。）”及第三段关于

两个不同历史时期体温的对比可知，该研究团队对比研究了历史和当前的人体体温数据。故选C项。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段中的"Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshave

reducedtheincidenceofinflammations（炎症）,whichpromotemetabolism.Thiscombinedwithpeoplelivingmore

comfortablelivesinmorestableenvironmentsmeansthatthebodydoesn'thavetoworkashardtostaywarm,so

theaveragetemperaturefalls.（一种可能性是，200多年来公共卫生的改善降低了炎症的发生率，炎症可以促

进新陈代谢。这与人们在更稳定的环境中过着更舒适的生活相结合，意味着身体不必为了保暖而努力工

作，因此平均温度会下降。）”可推知，生活条件的改善使人类的标准体温降低。故选A项。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。由第一段“Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedby

theGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.Sincethen,ifsbecomesowidelyacceptedthatit

servesasatouchstoneforhealth-adiagnostictoolusedbyphysiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofwhether

someoneissickorwell.However,itturnsoutthatthiswell-establishedfactisn't,infact,correct~~or,toputitmore

accurately,humanbeingshavebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.（1851年，德国医生CarlReinholdAugust

Wunderlich首次提出了正常人体温度约为37℃的观点。从那时起，它被广泛接受，成为健康的试金石一

—医生和父母使用的诊断工具，作为判断某人是否生病或健康的基本指标。然而，事实证明，事实上，这

个公认的事实是不正确的——或者，更准确地说，人类多年来一直在变冷。）”以及后文可知，本文介绍了

斯坦福大学的一项研究：自19世纪末以来，人类的标准体温有所下降，由此推断，C项Humanbody

temperaturehasdecreasedovertheyears（人体温度多年来一直在下降）为最佳标题。故选C项。

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Gettingnegativefeedbackneverfeelsgood.Infact,itprettymuchalwayssucks.Eventhoughitfeelsbad,

constructivefeedbackismeanttohelpusgrowandimprove.Herearesomestrategiesthatcanhelpyouuse

negativefeedbackconstructively,leadingtopositivechange.

16Yourinstinctmaybetogetupsetorjustifyyourselfinstantly,butit'simportanttoremainas

professionalaspossibleinthemoment.Evenwhenyourcriticizerisfactuallywrong,theresponse"You'rewrong!9,

won,teverbehelpful.Thekeyistolistenwithoutplanningyourreply.Simplynoduntiltheotherpersonhas

completelyfinished.

Recognizethegoodintentions.Remember,thepeoplewhowillgiveyoutoughfeedbackarethepeoplewho

reallycareaboutyoursuccess.Peoplewhotellyouonlywhattheyknowyouwanttoheardon'treallycareabout

you.17

Don,tletitharmyourconfidence.Whateveryoudo,don'tallownegativefeedbacktodestroyyoursei。

esteem.18Whateverwentwrongwon'tdefineyouforeverifyouapplythefeedbackconstructivelyand

useittoyouradvantage.

Practiceself-affirmation.19Itcanbehelpfultoremindyourselfofotheraspectsofyouridentitythat

arenotinquestiontoboostyourconfidence.Forexample,youcouldsay:"Yes,myteamthinksI'ma

micromanager,butIcanworkonthat,Iamalsoanicepartner,committedvolunteerandtalentedsinger/5

Setactionablegoals.Itcanbehelpfultobreakdownthefeedbackintospecific,actionablegoals.20

Settimetooutlineanactionplanandtimelineforeachofthesegoals.Withthis,youcankeeptrackofyour

progressandholdyourselfaccountabletoyourgoals.

Thoughnegativefeedbackmaybedisheartening,takethenecessarystepstobecomeanevenbetterversionof

yourself.

A.Avoidreactingdefensively.

BDon'ttakethefeedbackpersonally.

C.Thesecanfeeleasiertoworkwithandgiveyoudirection.

D.Youdon'thavetoapplyeverypieceoffeedbackyoureceive.

E.Negativefeedbackcansometimesmakeyoufeellikeafailure.

EIfsalmostimpossibletoconsistentlydoeverythingrightallthetime.

G.Soinsteadofreactingnegatively,thankthosecaringaboutyoutogiveyouhonestfeedback.

【答案】16.A17.G18.F19.E20.C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助你建设性地利用负面反馈，导致积极的变化的策略。

【16题详解】

根据本段内容“Yourinstinctmaybetogetupsetorjustifyyourselfinstantly,butifsimportanttoremainas

professionalaspossibleinthemoment.Evenwhenyourcriticizerisfactuallywrong,theresponse"You'rewrong!,5

won'teverbehelpful.Thekeyistolistenwithoutplanningyourreply.Simplynoduntiltheotherpersonhas

completelyfinished.（你的本能可能会让你心烦意乱，或者立刻为自己辩护，但在那一刻尽可能保持专业是

很重要的。即使批评你的人实际上是错的，“你错了!”这句话不会有任何帮助。关键是倾听而不是计划你

的回答。只要点头，直到对方完全说完）”可知，本段的主旨是避免在收到批评时，立刻为自己辩护，即防

御性反应。故A选项“避免防御性的反应”符合语境，故选A。

【17题详解】

根据上文Recognizethegoodintentions.Remember,thepeoplewhowillgiveyoutoughfeedbackarethepeople

whoreallycareaboutyoursuccess.Peoplewhotellyouonlywhattheyknowyouwanttoheardon'treallycare

aboutyou.（认识到良好的意图。记住，给你严厉反馈的人是真正关心你成功的人。那些只告诉你他们知道

你想听的话的人并不是真的关心你）”可知，上文提到了给你严厉反馈的人是真正关心你的人，故本句与上

文构成因果关系，指出应该感谢这些人。故G选项“所以，与其消极地回应，不如感谢那些关心你的人给

你诚实的