江西省部分高中学校2023-2024学年高三10月联考英语试题（解析版）

江西省部分高中学校2023-2024学年高三10月联考

英语试题

注意事项：

1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改

动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在

本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂

到答题卡上

第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅

读一■遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.

答案是C。

1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whattimeisitnow?

A.About5:20pm.B.About5:40pm.C.About6:00pm.

【答案】B

【解析】

［原文］M:I'mintrouble.Ihavetogettheseletterstothepostofficebeforeitclosesat6pm,andit'salmost6pm

already.

W:Takeiteasy.Thisclockistwentyminutesfast.

2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Thelanguagetolearn.B.Thefilmtowatch.C.Thecoursetoattend.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:Sam,whichoptionalcoursewillyoutakethissemester?

M:Filmstudies,Iguess.ButI'llconsiderFrenchasanalternative.

3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whatwillthemandotonight?

A.Stayathome.B.Gotoaclub.C.Attendameeting.

【答案】A

【解析】

［原文］W:Wouldyouliketogototheclubtonight?

M:I'dratherstayathomeandwatchTV.Ihavetogetupearlytoattendameetingtomorrow.

4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Wherearethespeakers?

A.Inabank.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inastore.

【答案】C

【解析】

［原文］M:Thesetwotieslookverynice.Howmucharethey?

W:Itwasoriginally60poundsforeach,butifyoubuytwo,youwillgetanotheronefree.

M:OK.Iwilltakethree.

5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whydidthemanleavehispreviousjob?

A.Tobecomefamous.B.Tostudyfurther.C.Tofindanewjob.

【答案】B

【解析】

［原文］W:Welcometoourcompany.We'dlikeyoutotellusaboutyourworkexperience.

M:Iworkedatafamouscompanyfortwoyears.

W:Canyoutelluswhyyouleft?

M:IleftbecauseIwentbacktostudyandgetmymaster'sdegree.

第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项

中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后,

各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

6.Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?

A.Anassistant.B.Adoctor.C.Aprofessor.

7.Whenwillthemangotoseethedoctor?

A.OnWednesday.B.OnThursday.C.OnFriday.

【答案】6.A7.C

【解析】

［原文］W:Goodmorning.ThisisDoctorWhite'soffice.MayIhelpyou?

M:I'dliketomakeanappointmenttoseethedoctorthisweek.

W:Well,TmafraidheisfullybookedonMondayandTuesday.HowaboutWednesday?

M:IhaveclassesattheuniversityonWednesday.WillThursdaybeOK?

W:Sorry.TmafraidheisfullybookedonThursdaytoo.

M:Friday?

W:Yes!HewillbefreeonFridaythisweekHowaboutFridaymorning?

M:Iprefersometimeintheafternoonifit'spossible.Thankyou!

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

8.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?

A.Abuilding.B.Adesigner.C.Apicture.

9.Whichsubjectdoesthewomanlikebest?

AHistory.B.Music.C.Math.

【答案】8.C9.A

【解析】

［原文］W:Youknow,TveneverseenthepicturesyoutookofNewYork.

M:Didn'tIshowthemtoyouafterIgotback?Well,1havethemwithme.Lookatthisone.

W:Fantastic.Wherewasthistaken?

M:FromthetopoftheWorldTradeCenter.DoyouknowtheStatueofLibertywasdesignedbyaFrenchman?

W:Uh-huh,Bartholdi.ItwasgiventotheUnitedStatesbyFranceonthe100thbirthdayoftheUSindependence.

M:Youknowalotabouthistory.

W:Historyismyfavoritesubject!

M:Oh,Ithoughtyoulikemathbest!Well,lefslookatanotherone.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

10.HowdidAndyfeelwhenhefirstarrivedattheclassroom?

A.Excitedandpleased.B.Anxiousandafraid.C.Embarrassedandannoyed.

11.WhatcanweknowaboutMrPerry?

A.Heisstrict.B.Heisenergetic.C.Heisfunny.

12.Whydidthebellringat12:00?

A.Totellstudentsclassisover.

B.Totellstudentstohavelunch.

C.Toremindstudentstoattendclass.

【答案】1。B11.A12.B

【解析】

［原文］W:Howwasyourfirstdayinthenewschool,Andy?

M:Todayisn'tbad,thoughIarrivedattheclassroomwithanxietyandfear.

W:That'sgreat.Whataboutyourteacher?

M:Oh,doyoumeanMrPerry?Hesaidtomewithasoftvoice,whichcomfortedme.

W:Whatisthedifferencebetweenthenewschoolandtheoldone?

M:MrPerrygaveeachofusapieceofpaperwhichwasabout"courserequirements”.Ihadnevergotthisbefore.

Thenheaskedustochoosetheseatweliked.

W:Yousaidit.MrPerryisalwayskindandstrict.

M:Ithinkthat'sthereasonwhymyparentsaskedmetotravelalongdistancetobeastudentofMrPerry.

W:Itwouldbegoodforyourfuture.Andanyfunnystoriestoday?

M:Yes.Iwentbacktotheclassroomwhenthebellrangat12:00.Butmyteachertoldmeitwasthelunchbell.1felt

embarrassed,youknow.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

13.WhatdoesthemanthinkofLucy'stakingflyinglessons?

A.Surprising.B.Impractical.C.Interesting.

14.WhatdoesLucyworkas?

A.Apilot.B.Anurse.C.Adoctor.

15.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?

A.Teachinacollege.B.Startherownrestaurant.C.TeachanItaliancookingclass.

16.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Husbandandwife.B.Brotherandsister.C.Teacherandstudent.

【答案】13.A14.B15.C16.A

【解析】

【原文】M:Gina,Gina...Gina?Whatareyoudoing?

W:Oh.IwasjustthinkingaboutourconversationwithLucytheothernight.IhopeLucycanfindsomeplacetotake

flyinglessons.

M:Iamsurprised.IhavenoideathatLucyisinterestedinlearninghowtofly.

W:Anddoyouknowshewantstoleaveherjobandgobacktoschool?Shesaysshedoesn'thaveenough

responsibilityasanurse.Shewantstobeadoctor.Ihopeherdreamcomestrue.

M:Metoo.Bytheway,areyoustillthinkingaboutopeninganItalianrestaurant?

W:IwishIcould.ButIcan'tdothatunlessIhavealotofmoney.

M:Iknow.SometimesIwishwe'dwinalotofmoney.Butweneedtobemorerealistic.Whydon'tyouconsider

teachinganItaliancookingclass?You'reagreatcookandyoucoulddoitathome.

W:Frank,that'snotabadidea.Icouldgetmoreexperienceandbuildareputation.Andthen,eventually,Imightbe

abletoteachaneveningclassatoneofthecommunitycolleges.

M:See?Aren'tyougladyoumarriedme?Ihavegoodideassometimes.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17.Wheredoesthespeakercomefrom?

AAustralia.B.America.C.England.

18.WhatdoEnglishpeoplethinkofAmericans?

A.Humorous.B.Quiet.C.Friendly.

19.WhatdidthespeakerliketodointheafternooninEngland?

A.Enjoyafternoontea.B.Watchcomedyshows.C.Playwithhisfriends.

20.WhatdidthespeakerfindamazinginEngland?

A.TheTVprograms.B.Theoldbuildings.C.Theteashops.

【答案】17.B18.C19.A20.B

【解析】

［原文］M:ThemostunforgettableexperienceI'veeverhad?Well,thatwasthreeyearsagowhenIwasin

college.IspentatermstudyinginLondon.Eventhoughwespeakthesamelanguage.Englishpeopleand

Americansareverydifferent.TheythinkthatweAmericansarefriendlyandthatwehaveastrongdesiretobe

successfulandrich.AndIthinktheBritisharequietandgentle.Ilovethelifestylethere.Goingoutforafternoon

teawasfiin,andIalwaysdidthatwithmyfriends.AndIreallylovetheoldbuildings.Wedon'thaveanythingthat

oldintheUnitedStates,soitisprettyamazing!Bytheway,IalsowenttoAustraliaonce.Thebuildingsthere

aren'tsoattractiveeither.TheBritishalsohaveadifferentsenseofhumor.TheircomedyshowsonTVarereally

funny.Fdliketosaymyexperiencewasapositiveone.Infact.TmsavingupmoneysoIcangobackthereagain.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Theanimalkingdomishometovariouscreatures,someofwhichhavepowerfulabilities.

BoxJellyfish（水母）

FoundmainlyinthewatersofthePacificandIndianOceans,theboxjellyfishisoneofthemostpoisonous

creaturesonEarth.Itsfeelerscandeliveraverypainfulbite,whichcancauseheartfailureandevendeathinhumans.

Duetoitsspecialappearance,itisnoteasytobespottedinthewater,makingitagreatthreattoswimmersanddivers.

SaltwaterCrocodiles（鳄鱼）

Knownasthelargestlivingreptile,saltwatercrocodilesarefoundinthecoastalregionsofAsia,Australiaand

America.Thesehugekillerscangrowupto23feetinlengthandhaveextremelypowerfulteethcapableofbreaking

bones.Theyareknownforkillingotheranimalsinthenaturalhabitats.

AfricanElephants

Whilemostelephantsaregenerallypeacefulcreatures,Africanelephantscanbeextremelydangerouswhen

threatened.TheyarethelargestlandanimalsonEarthandlikeeatingtreeleaves.Theycanchargeataspeedofup

to25milesperhourandusetheirlongteethandpowerfultrunkstodefendthemselves.

AfricanBuffaloes

Africanbuffaloesareakindoflargeherbivorousanimalofthecowfamilyfoundinsub-SaharanAfrica.Despite

theirseeminglyquietappearance,theycanbecomeextremelyaggressivewhenthreatened.Theyhavesharphorns

andastrongcharge,makingthemterribleanddangerousanimalstoencounterinthewild.

21.Whatdoweknowabouttheboxjellyfish?

A.Itsbitesareharmless.B.Itsfeelersarenotaggressive.

C.Itisusuallyapeacefulcreature.D.Itiseasytohidefromdetection.

22.Whichofthefollowinganimalsfeedonplants?

A.BoxjellyfishandAfricanbuffaloes.B.Boxjellyfishandsaltwatercrocodiles.

C.AfricanelephantsandAfricanbuffaloes.D.SaltwatercrocodilesandAfricanelephants.

23.Whatdothesefourkindsofanimalshaveincommon?

A.Powerfulteeth.B.Strongattackforce.

C.Quietappearance.D.Identicalnaturalhabitats.

【答案】21.D22.C23.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四种具有强大能力的动物。

【21题详解】

细节理解题。根据BoxJellyfish部分的“Duetoitsspecialappearance,itisnoteasytobespottedinthewater,

makingitagreatthreattoswimmersanddivers.（由于外形特殊，它在水中不易被发现，对游泳者和潜水员构成

极大威胁）”可知，箱水母因其特殊的外形在水中容易隐藏起来，不易被发现。故选D项。

【22题详解】

细节理解题。根据AfricanElephants部分的“TheyarethelargestlandanimalsonEarthandlikeeatingtreeleaves.

（它们是地球上最大的陆地动物，喜欢吃树叶）”和AfricanBuffaloes部分的uAfricanbuffaloesareakindof

largeherbivorousanimalofthecowfamilyfoundinsub-SaharanAfrica.（非洲水牛是在撒哈拉以南的非洲|发现

的一种大型食草动物）”可知，非洲大象和非洲水牛属于食草动物。故选C项。

【23题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章开头的“Theanimalkingdomishometovariouscreatures,someofwhichhavepowerful

abilities.（动物王国是各种生物的家园，其中一些具有强大的能力）"、BoxJellyfish部分的“oneofthemost

poisonouscreaturesonEarlh（地球上毒性最强的生物之一）"、SakwaterCrocodiles部分的“Thesehugekillers

（这些巨型杀手）”、AfricanElephants部分的“extremelydangerous（极其危险的）”和AfricanBuffaloes部分

的“extremelyaggressive（极具攻击性的）”可知，这四种动物都有很强的攻击能力。故选B项。

B

ArtistTomCampbellhasexhibitedhisworkatOutlawStudiosatMarinaCommercialPark.Theexhibitionis

Tom'slargestonetodateandincludesaffordableart.Theinteractiveshowismadeupofdrawings,paintings,

sculpturesandliveperformances.Throughouttheexhibition,Tomisworking,givingthepublicanopportunityto

watchinsidehisstudioandhavetheirportraitsdrawn.Peoplecanalsocommissionapieceoftheirchoosing.

WallpaintingispartofTom'soutput.HehascreatedawallpaintingforElectricPicnic,alongwithfourother

artistsinvitedtotakepartinthiscommission.Hiswallpaintinghasaspecialtheme,portrayedbydoves（鸽子）.As

wellashisanti-warstandpoint,heisdoingsomethingmeaningful.Tomisafoundingmemberofatreeplanting

projectcalledTreesPlease.Thegrouphasdistributed10,000treesinaboutfouryearsacrossIreland.

HumourisalsoimportantforTominhisart.Hecantreatheavysubjectswithirony,oftenemployingan

aggressivecombinationoflivelycolorsandanimalswithwistfulexpressionscommunicatingtheimportanceof

respect,peace,understandingandlove.Hehasdonecreativeworkformentalhealthcharities.

Tomwasbornwithaloveforart.Heenjoysplayingmusicalinstrumentsinpublic,liketheviolin.Hegetslots

ofsmilesfrompeople.Healsosingsandhasanonlinechannelfeaturinghissongs,whichareveryimprovised（艮|J兴

的）.Allthiscreativityisalifelineforhim,whobelievesthatartisanecessityratherthanaluxury.

Artissomethingeverybodycando.Ifcreativitywasembracedbypeopleinanopenway,itcouldtransform

society.Artcanbringalotofjoy.Everyoneiscreativeandenjoyscreativitywhetherit'smusicorvisualartor

whatever.

24.WhatdoweknowaboutTom'sexhibition?

A.Itistargetedattherich.

B.Ittakesonavarietyofforms.

C.Itisthelargestonethroughoutarthistory.

D.Itoffersanopportunitytopractisedrawing.

25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutTom?

A.Hissenseofhumorandcreativity.

B.Hisefforttoprotectplantsandanimals.

C.Hisadviceonpaintingandplantingtrees.

D.Hispassionfbrpeaceandtheenvironment.

26.WhatcanwelearnfromTom'simprovisedsongs?

A.Hehascreativetalent.B.Artisaluxury.

C.Arthasnoboundaries.D.Heispopularinpublic.

27.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanthetextprobablyappear?

A.Literature.B.Finance.C.Figure.D.Society.

【答案】24.B25.D26.A27.C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是艺术家汤姆正在举办一场多元化的艺术展览，在创作中他通过

绘画表达对于和平的热爱，通过行动来保护环境。

【24题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Theinteractiveshowismadeupofdrawings,paintings,sculpturesandlive

performances.（互动表演由素描、油画、雕塑和现场表演组成。）”可知I,汤姆的画展形式是多种多样的。故

选B项。

[25题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章第二段"Hiswallpaintinghasaspecialtheme,portrayedbydoves（鸽子）.Aswellashis

anti-warstandpoint,heisdoingsomethingmeaningful.Tomisafoundingmemberofatreeplantingprojectcalled

TreesPlease.（他的壁画有一个特别的主题，画的是鸽子。除了他的反战立场，他还在做一些有意义的事

情。汤姆是植树项目“请植树”的创始成员。）”可知，汤姆是一个热爱和平同时也致力于保护环境的人，

所以文章第二段主要告诉我们的是他对和平和保护环境的热爱。故选D项。

【26题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Healsosingsandhasanonlinechannelfeaturinghissongs,whicharevery

improvised（即兴的）.Allthiscreativityisalifelineforhim,whobelievesthatartisanecessityratherthana

luxury.（他还唱歌，并有一个在线频道专门播放他即兴创作的歌曲。所有这些创意都是他的生命线，他认为

艺术是必需品而不是奢侈品。）”可知，汤姆能即兴创作歌曲，这些歌曲体现了他的创意，可得出从汤姆即

兴创作的歌曲中可以了解到他的创作天赋。故选A项。

[27题详解】

推理判断题。纵观全文，文章主要讲的是艺术家汤姆以及他的多元化的艺术画展，以及他通过画展表达对

于和平的热爱和通过自己的行动来保护环境的热情，所以文章最有可能出现在人物专栏里面。故选C项。

C

Humanshavelongknownthatbeinginnatureisgoodforthemindandbody.Fromindigenous（本土的）

adolescentscompletingtheadultceremonyinthewildtomodemEastAsianculturestaking''forestbaths”,many

havelookedtonatureasaplaceforhealingandpersonalgrowth.Butthequestionstillremains.Howcannature

makeit?

Thereisnodoubtthatbeinginnaturereducesthephysiologicalsymptomsofstressinourbodies.Whatthis

meansisthatwearelesslikelytobeanxiousandfearfulinnature,andthereforewecanbemoreopentoother

peopleandcreativepatternsofthought.Also,natureoftenleadstoawe,wonderandrespect,alltheseemotions

facilitatingeverythingfromphysicaltomentalhealth.Thereisalsosomeevidencethatexposuretonatureimpacts

thebrain.Viewingnaturalbeautymakesspecificrewardcircuitsinthebrainassociatedwithdopaminerelease,a

chemicalthatgivesusasenseofpurpose,joyandenergytopursueourgoals.

But,regrettably,peopleseemtobespendinglesstimeoutdoorsandlesstimeinnaturethanbefore.Itisalso

clearthat,inthepast30years,people'slevelsofstressandsenseof"busyness“haverisendramatically.Thesejoint

forceshaveledenvironmentalwriterRichardLouvtocointheterm"NatureDeficitDisorder”—aformofsuffering

thatcomesfromasenseofdisconnectionfromnatureanditspowers.

Perhapsweshouldtakenoteandtryacoursecorrective.The19thcenturyphilosopherRalphWaldoEmerson

oncewroteaboutnature,"ThereIfeelthatnothingcanbefallmeinlife-nodisgrace,nocalamity.^^Thescience

speakstoEmerson'sintuition.It'stimetorealizethatnatureismorethanjustamaterialresource.Ifsalsoa

pathwaytohumanhealthandhappiness.

28.Whyare''indigenousadolescents^^and“modernEastAsiancultures,,mentionedinparagraph1?

A.Toclarifyaviewpoint.B.Toanswerthequestionbelow.

C.Topresentthenaturalscenery.D.Toshowtheculturaldifferences.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“facilitating“inparagraph2mean?

A.Restricting.B.Exposing.C.Promoting.D.Covering.

30.Whatisthetoneoftheauthorinwritingparagraph3?

A.Uneasy.B.Indifferent.C.Humorous.D.Proud.

31.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.IsItTimetoChallengeYourselfinNature?

B.DoYouKnowNatureIsaMaterialResource?

C.WhyDoWeCareabouttheNaturalEnvironment?

D.WhatCanHappenWhenWeConnectwithNature?

【答案】28.A29.C30.A31.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了接触大自然的好处：促进身心健康。

【28题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一一段"Humanshavelongknownthatbeinginnatureisgoodforthemindandbody.From

indigenous（本土的）adolescentscompletingtheadultceremonyinthewildtomodernEastAsianculturestaking

“forestbaths,*,manyhavelookedtonatureasaplaceforhealingandpersonalgrowth.Butthequestionstill

remains.Howcannaturemakeit?（人类早就知道身处大自然对身心都有好处。从在野外完成成人仪式的

土著青少年到现代东亚文化中的“森林浴”，许多人都将大自然视为治愈和个人成长的地方。但问题依然

存在。大自然是怎么做到的呢？）可推知，作者提及土著青少年和现代东亚文化是为了阐明一个观点：置

身大自然对身心都有好处。故选A项。

【29题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Thereisnodoubtthatbeinginnaturereducesthephysiologicalsymptomsofstress

inourbodies.（毫无疑问，在大自然中可以减少我们身体中压力的生理症状。）以及“Thereisalsosome

evidence由atexposuretonatureimpactsIhebrain."（还有一些证据表明，接触大自然会影响大脑。）由此可

知，此处为大自然常常让人敬畏、惊叹和尊重，所有这些情感都有助于从身体到心理健康的一切。故可猜

测划线单词facilitating为“促进”的意思，结合选项C项Promoting“促进”意思一致。故选C项。

【30题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段“Bui,regrettably,peopleseemtobespendinglesstimeoutdoorsandlesstimein

naturethanbefore.Itisalsoclearthat,inthepast30years,people'slevelsofstressandsenseof"busyness”have

risendramatically.ThesejointforceshaveledenvironmentalwriterRichardLouvtocointheterm"NatureDeficit

Disorder"-aformofsufferingthatcomesfromasenseofdisconnectionfromnatureanditspowers."（但是，

令人遗憾的是，人们花在户外和大自然中的时间似乎比以前少了。同样明显的是，在过去的30年里，人

们的压力水平和“忙碌”感急剧上升。这些共同的力量使得环境作家RichardLouv创造了“自然缺失症”

这个术语一一一种来自于与自然及其力量脱节的痛苦。）可推知，作者写第三段的语气是不安的，对此感

到很担忧，regrettably也是答案的提示词。故选A项。

【31题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Fromindigenous（本土的）adolescentscompletingtheadult

ceremonyinthewildtomodemEastAsianculturestaking"forestbaths”,manyhavelookedtonatureasaplacefor

healingandpersonalgrowth.Butthequestionstillremains.Howcannaturemakeit?"（从在野夕卜完成成人仪式

的土著青少年到现代东亚文化中的“森林浴”，许多人都将大自然视为治愈和个人成长的地方。但问题依

然存在。大自然是怎么做到的呢？）可知，文章介绍了接触大自然的好处：促进身心健康。因此可知，

“当我们与自然联系时，会发生什么？”为最佳标题。故选D项。

D

Nashequilibrium（纳什均衡）isnamedafterJohnNash,anAmericanmathematician.Itisakindofconcept,

whichattemptstodeterminemathematicallyandlogicallytheactionsthatparticipantsofagameshouldtaketosecure

thebestoutcomesforthemselves.

Tofinditinagame,onewouldhavetomodelouteachofthepossiblescenariostodeterminetheresultsand

thenchoosewhatthemostsatisfactorystrategywouldbe.Inatwo-persongame,thiswouldtakeintoconsideration

thepossiblestrategiesthatbothplayerscouldchoose.Ifneitherplayerchangestheirstrategyknowingallofthe

information,aNashequilibriumhasoccurred.

ImagineagamebetweenTomandSam.Inthissimplegame,bothplayerscanchoosestrategyAtoreceive$1,

orstrategyBtolose$1.Logically,bothplayerschoosestrategyAandreceiveapayoffof$1.IfyourevealedSam's

strategytoTomandviceversa（反之亦然）,youseethatnoplayer'schoiceisdifferentfromtheoriginalone.Knowing

theotherplayer'smovemeanslittleanddoesn'tchangeeitherplayer'sbehavior.OutcomeArepresentstheNash

equilibrium.

Nashequilibriumhelpsaplayerdeterminethebestpayoffinasituationbasedonnotonlytheirdecisionsbut

alsothedecisionsofotherpartiesinvolved.Itcanalsobeusedinmanyaspectsoflife,fromeconomicstosocial

behavioralsciences,frombusinessstrategiestoahousesaleandsoon.

Unlikedominantstrategy,Nashequilibriumdoesn'talwaysleadtothemostsatisfactoryoutcome.Inmostcases,

suchasinwar,whetherthatisamilitarywarorabiddingwar,anindividualrarelyknowstheopponent'sstrategyor

whattheywanttheoutcometobe.Itjustmeansthatanindividualchoosesthebeststrategybasedontheinformation

theyhave.Nashequilibriumcanonlyoccurifaplayerchoosestoremainwiththeircurrentstrategyiftheyknow

theiropponent'sstrategy.Furthermore,inmultiplegamesplayedwiththesameopponents,itdoesnottakeinto

considerationpastbehavior,whichoftenpredictsfuturebehavior.

32.WhichkindofconceptdoesNashequilibriumbelongto?

A.Gametheory.

B.Secrecystrategies.

C.Playerinformation.

D.Participationqualifications.

33.HowdoestheauthorexplainNashequilibrium?

A.Byquotingsayings.B.Bydrawingaparallel.

C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Bygivinganillustration.

34.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellusaboutNashequilibrium?

A.Itselements.B.Itsdrawbacks.

C.Itsapplications.D.Itsbackgrounds

35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetoNashequilibrium?

A.Resistant.B.Objective.

C.Confused.D.Curious.

【答案】32.A33.D34.C35.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纳什均衡这一游戏理论。

【32题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第——段"Itisakindofconcept,whichattemptstodeterminemathematicallyandlogically

theactionsthatparticipantsofagameshouldtaketosecurethebestoutcomesforthemselves.（它是——种概念，它

试图从数学和逻辑上确定游戏参与者应该采取的行动，以确保自己获得最佳结果）”可知，纳什均衡是一种

试图从数学和逻辑上确定游戏参与者应该采取的行动，以确保自己获得最佳结果的游戏理论。故选A项。

【33题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第三段"ImagineagamebetweenTomandSam.Inthissimplegame,bothplayerscan

choosestrategyAtoreceive$1,orstrategyBtolose$I.Logically,bothplayerschoosestrategyAandreceivea

payoffof$1.IfyourevealedSam'sstrategytoTomandviceversa（反之亦然）,youseethatnoplayer9schoiceis

differentfromtheoriginalone.Knowingtheotherplayer'smovemeanslittleanddoesn'tchangeeitherplayer's

behavior.OutcomeArepresentstheNashequilibrium.（想象一下汤姆和萨姆之间的一场比赛。在这个简单的游

戏中，双方玩家都可以选择策略A获得1美元，或者选择策略B损失1美元。逻辑上，双方都选择策略A

并获得1美元的收益。如果你将Sam的策略透露给Tom,反之亦然，你会发现没有玩家的选择与最初的不

同。知道其他玩家的移动并不意味着什么，也不会改变任何玩家的行为。结果A代表纳什均衡）”可推

知，作者是通过列举汤姆和萨姆之间比赛的例子来阐述纳什均衡的。故选D项。

【34题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Nashequilibriumhelpsaplayerdeterminethebestpayoffinasituationbasedon

notonlytheirdecisionsbutalsothedecisionsofotherpartiesinvolved.Itcanalsobeusedinmanyaspectsoflife,

fromeconomicstosocialbehavioralsciences,frombusinessstrategiestoahousesaleandsoon.（纳什均衡帮助玩

家在一种情况下确定最佳收益，这种情况不仅基于他们自己的决策，也基于其他参与方的决策。它也可以

用于生活的许多方面，从经济学到社会行为科学，从商业策略到房屋销售等等）”可知，第四段主要讲的是

纳什均衡不仅能帮助玩家在一种情况获得最佳收益，同时也可以运用到生活的许多方面，所以第四段主要

讲的是纳什均衡的应用。故选C项。

【35题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Nashequilibriumhelpsaplayerdeterminethebestpayoffinasituationbasedon

notonlytheirdecisionsbutalsothedecisionsofotherpartiesinvolved.（纳什均衡帮助玩家在一种情况下确定最

佳收益，这种情况不仅基于他们自己的决策，也基于其他参与方的决策）”以及最后一段第一句"Unlike

dominantstrategy,Nashequilibriumdoesn'talwaysleadtothemostsatisfactoryoutcome.（与优势策略不同,纳

什均衡并不总是导致最令人满意的结果）”以及“Nashequilibriumcanonlyoccurifaplayerchoosestoremain

withtheircurrentstrategyiftheyknowtheiropponent'sstrategy.Furthermore,inmultiplegamesplayedwiththe

sameopponents,itdoesnottakeintoconsiderationpastbehavior,whichoftenpredictsfuturebehavior.（纳什均衡

只有在玩家知道对手的策略后选择保持当前策略时才会出现。此外，在与相同对手进行的多场比赛中，它

不会考虑过去的行为，而过去的行为通常可以预测未来的行为）”可知，作者在文章中既讲到了纳什均衡的

优点同时也指出了它的局限性。由此推知，作者对于纳什均衡这一理论的态度是客观的。故选B项。

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

Indoorplantsareabeautifulwaytobrightenupyourhome,especiallyinthegraymonthsofwinter.36

Ifyouhavechildrenorifchildrenvisityour