高中一轮复习英语必修四Unit4Bodylanguage

Unit4Bodylanguage一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．flightn． 飞行；航班2．cheekn. 面颊3．dashvi. 猛冲；突进4．simplyadv. 简单地；只5．posturen. 姿势；体态6．crossroadsn. 十字路口7．frownvi. 皱眉；蹙额[第二屏听写]8．misreadvt. 读错；误解9．facialadj. 面部的10．fistn. 拳头11．yawnvi. 打呵欠12．respectfuladj. 恭敬的13．subjectiveadj. 主观的14．rankn. 等级；军衔15．cassetten. 磁带16．employeen. 雇员Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)[第三屏听写]1．greetvi.&vt. 迎接；问候2．representvt. 代表；象征3．dormitoryn. 宿舍4．canteenn. 食堂5．curiousadj. 好奇的6．curiouslyadv. 好奇地7．approachvt.&vi. 接近；靠近；走近n. 接近；方法；途径[第四屏听写]8．defendvt. 保护；保卫9．defencen. 防御；保卫10．majoradj. 主要的11．misunderstandvt. 误解；误会12．misunderstandingn. 误解；误会13．adultn. 成人；成年人adj. 成人的；成熟的14．spokenadj. 口语的15．unspokenadj. 未说出口的；非口语的[第五屏听写]16．likelyadj. 可能的17．functionn. 作用；功能；职能vi. 起作用；运转18．easen. 安逸；舒适vt. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)19．angern. 怒气；怒火20．trulyadv. 真实地；真诚地；真正地21．hugvi.&vt. 拥抱[第六屏听写]22．associationn． 社团；联系；联想23．falseadj. 错误的；假的24．statementn. 陈述；说明25．defend_...against 防御；保卫……以免受26．be_likely_to 很可能……；有希望……27．in_general 总的来说；通常28．at_ease 舒适；快活；自由自在29．turn_one's_back_to 背对30．lose_face 丢脸

二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高识记单词写对Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉)1.simplyadv.简单地；只2.posturen.姿势；体态3.crossroadsn.十字路口4.cheekn.面颊5.frownvi.皱眉；蹙额6.facialadj.面部的7.fistn．拳头8.yawnvi.打呵欠9.respectfuladj.恭敬的10.subjectiveadj.主观的Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英)1.dormitoryn.宿舍2.canteenn．食堂3.spokenadj.口语的4.unspokenadj.未说出口的；非口语的5.likelyadj.可能的6.easen.安逸；舒适vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)核心单词练通1.Atthemeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferentapproaches(方法)tothestudyofmathematics.2.LindaandI,representing(代表)ourclass,willtakepartinthecontesttobeheldthisweekend.3.Asyouknow,smokingisoneofthemajor(主要的)causesofcancer,soyou'dbettergiveitup.4.Thefunction(功能)oftheheartistopumpbloodthroughthebody.5.Asa(n)adult(成年人),youshouldberesponsibleforyourowndecisions.6.Thecouplehugged(拥抱)eachotherwhentheyheardtheexcitingnews.7.Weoftenmakefalse(虚假的)impressionthatweunderstandsomethingwhenwedonot.拓展单词用活[记全记牢]1.statementn．陈述；说明→statev．陈述；说明2.greetvi.&vt.迎接；问候→greetingn．问候；招呼3.associationn．社团；联系；联想→associatevt.把……联系起来4.curiousadj.好奇的→curiouslyadv.好奇地→curiosityn．好奇；好奇心5.defendvt.保护；保卫→defencen．防御；保卫6.misunderstandvt.误解；误会→misunderstandingn．误解；误会7.trulyadv.真实地；真诚地；真正地→trueadj.真实的→truthn．真实；真理；真相[用准用活]1.Ifyoumisunderstandsomebody,it'slikelytoleadtoamisunderstanding.(misunderstand)2.Thecuriousboylookedattheboxcuriouslyandthenheopeneditoutofcuriosity.(curious)3.Totellyouthetruth,_I'mtrulygratefulforyourhelpingmemakemydreametrue.(true)4.Intimeofwar,lotsofmoneywillbespentondefenceandmanymeasureswillbetakentodefendacountryfrombeingattacked.(defend)5.Enteringasupermarket,Iwaswarmlygreetedbythegreengrocer.Hischeerygreetingsmademefeelathome.(greet)6.Iwouldn'twanttobeassociatedwiththeillegalassociation.(associate)7.Hestatedtheotherdaythatthestatementwasnotmadebyhim.(state)⇩eq\a\vs4\al(积得多平时多输入，用时顺手出)1.表示“主要的；首要的”的形容词一览①major主要的；重要的②main主要的③primary主要的；首要的④chief首要的⑤principal主要的2.常见“人体部位及器官”名词荟萃①cheek面颊②forehead额头③chest胸部④shoulder肩膀⑤throat喉咙3.以­e结尾的形容词变为副词集锦①true→truly②possible→possibly③fortable→fortably④entire→entirely⑤plete→pletely⑥fortunate→fortunately

(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高先写对再用准第一组1.be_curious_about对……感到好奇的2.get_close_to接近；靠近3.as_if好像4.turn_one's_back_to背对5.lose_face丢脸WhenIwenttotheUSAforthefirsttime,I①was_curious_abouteverythingaroundme.Ifounditdifficulttomakemyselfunderstoodonlybyspokenwords.Itlooked②as_ifIhadbeeninanewworld.However,IwasunwillingtomunicatewithothersincaseI③lost_face.第二组1.defend_against防御；保卫……以免受2.on_the_contrary相反地3.be_likely_to很可能……；有希望……4.in_general总的来说；通常5.at_ease舒适；快活；自由自在Asisknowntous,peopleusuallymunicatewithothersnotonlybyspokenwordsbutalsobybodylanguage.Whenyoufindyourfriendisdepressed,you'dbetternotignorehim;①on_the_contrary,_youshouldgivehimasmiletocheerhimupandatthatmomentthesmilewillputhim②at_ease.Ifsomeforeignersaskyouthedirections,youcanusebodylanguagetomakehimunderstand.③In_general,_bodylanguageisasimportantasspokenlanguage.⇩eq\a\vs4\al(积得多平时多输入，用时顺手出)表示“通常；总之”的短语大全(1)“通常；一般而言”①ingeneral通常②generallyspeaking一般说来(2)“总之”①inaword总之②allinall总之③inconclusion总之④inshort/brief总之；简言之(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高背原句明句式学仿写1.ThefirstpersontoarrivewasTonyGarciafromColombia,closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain.第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。thefirst/last(one/person)todosth.意为“第一个/最后一个做某事的人”。张梦雪是在2016年里约奥运会上获得第一枚金牌的中国运动员。ZhangMengxuewasthefirst_Chinese_athlete_to_win_the_gold_medalin2016RioOlympicGames.2.Notallculturesgreeteachotherthesameway,noraretheyfortableinthesamewaywithtouchingordistancebetweenpeople.各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。notall“并非所有的都……”，表示部分否定。并不是所有人都愿意做这样的工作，因为它对于有些人来说太难了。Not_all_are_willing_to_do_such_work,_foritisquitehardforsomeofthem.3.However,peoplefromplaceslikeSpain,ItalyorSouthAmericancountriesapproachotherscloselyandaremorelikelytotouchthem.不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。belikelytodosth.“有可能做某事”。如果你努力学习，你很有可能考入理想的大学。(2014·四川高考书面表达)Ifyoustudyhard,youare_likely_to_be_admitted_toyourdreaminguniversity.考点新组合阅读微技能Iwasthefirsttoarriveatthestadiumthismorningandbeganpracticingbasketball.AfterawhileIapproachedLiPing,myclosefriend,andpattedher________❶theshoulder,butsheturnedherbacktome,makingmefeelembarrassed.________，andthereforeIwascurioustoknowwhathadhappened❷.Perhapstherewassomemisunderstandingbetweenus.Nomatterwhathappened,Iwoulddefendherfrom________(hurt)❸.1.①处应填入介词on。2.能填入②句中空白处的最佳选项为__A__。A.ItseemedthatshewasangrywithmeB.Shebehavedasifnothinghadhappened3.③句中所填词的正确形式为being_hurt。1．approachvt.&vi.接近；靠近；走近；找……商量n.接近；方法；途径；步骤；通道(1)anapproachto... ……的方法/通道/途径(to为介词)(2)approachsb./sth. 靠近/接近某人/某物...beapproaching ……快到了[多角练透]单句语法填空①Alltheapproachestotheairportwereblockedbythepolice.②Thejobmarkethaschangedandourapproachestofinding(find)workmustchangeaswell.一句多译随着教师节的临近，今年我们班决定换一种方式举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。③AsTeachers'Daywas_approaching,_ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantdayforachangethisyear.④WithTeachers'Dayapproaching,_ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantdayforachangethisyear.⑤WithTeachers'Dayaround_the_corner,_ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantdayforachangethisyear.⑥AsTeachers'Daywas_drawing_near,_ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantdayforachangethisyear.[联想发散]表示“(做)某事的方法”的正确搭配有：①theapproachto(doing)sth.②thewaytodo/of(doing)sth.③themeansof(doing)sth.④themethodof(doing)sth.2．curiousadj.好奇的(1)becuriousabout 对……感到好奇becurioustodosth. 渴望做某事(2)curiosityn. 好奇；好奇心withcuriosity 好奇地from/outofcuriosity 出于好奇(3)curiouslyadv. 好奇地[题点全练]单句语法填空①I'mcuriousto_know(know)howmanysatelliteshavebeensenttospaceuptonow.②Inhighschool,Iwascuriousabouttheputer,andbuiltmyfirstwebsite.③Theyhelpusunderstandsciencesubjectsbetterandarouseourcuriosity(curious)aboutscientificdiscoveries.(2014·浙江高考书面表达)④Suddenlythegirlcalmeddownandbeganlookingallaroundwithcuriosity.⑤Curiously(curious)enough,thesamethinghappenedagainayearlaterexactly.3．defendvt.保护；保卫；辩护(1)defend...from/against 保护……以免受defendoneself 为自己辩护；自卫(2)defencen. 防御；保卫indefenceof 为了保卫……[题点全练]单句语法填空①Whenthedogattackedme,Idefendedmyself(I)withastick.②HehasemployedoneoftheUK'stoplawyersto_defend(defend)him.③Somepeoplethinkthatstudentsshouldbetrainedtodefendthemselvesagainst/fromsomeattacks.④Allthepeople,menandwomen,youngandold,werefightingagainstthefloodindefence(defend)oftheirownhomes.4．thefirst/last(one/person)todosth.“第一个/最后一个做某事的人”The_first_person_to_arrivewasTonyGarciafromColombia,closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain.第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有thenext,theonly,thelast等时，常用不定式作后置定语。(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability,chance,ambition,offer,anxiety,answer,reply,attempt,belief等。①IfIhaveanyfurthernews,youwillbethefirstpersonto_know(know)．如果我有进一步的消息，你将是第一个知道的人。②Theabilityto_express(express)anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表达思想的能力和思想本身同等重要。③Therewasnosignalinthatfarawayvillageandallmyattemptsto_contact(contact)youfailed.在那个遥远的村子里没有信号，所有联系你的尝试都没成功。考点新组合阅读微技能Asweallknow,peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferentbodylanguages.Somehug,________❶othersshakehands.Ifyoudon'tunderstandallthedifferencesinbodylanguages,youarelikelytohavemajormisunderstandingwhenmunicating.Ingeneral,havingagoodmandofdifferentbodylanguagesisofgreatuseforustomunicatewithforeignersmoreconveniently❷.Sowhenabroad,weshouldknowwearerepresentingourcountryandtrynottoloseface;whileathome,weshouldtrytoputforeignersatease❸.1.①处缺一并列连词，应填入while，意为“然而”。2.②句中“havingagoodmandofdifferentbodylanguages”为现在分词短语作主语；ofgreatuse为“of＋抽象名词”结构，可转化为其相应的形容词形式，即ofgreatuse可替换为very_useful。3.③句中前后两个分句中都含有一个时间状语从句的省略句，均省略了we_are。5．majoradj.主要的；重要的n.专业vi.主修(1)majorin 主修(2)inthemajority 占大多数majorityn. 多数;大多数themajorityof 大多数……[多角练透]单句语法填空①HehadabitterquarrelwithhisparentsaboutwhathewouldmajorinatStanfordUniversity.②InthatpanyIonceworked,womenworkersareinthemajority.同义替换③Generallyspeaking,ifyoulookattheaudienceataclassicalconcert,mostof(＝the_majority_of)themareovertheageoffifty.通常，如果你看一看古典音乐会上的观众，大多数是五十岁以上的。6．representvt.代表；象征；表现；描写；描绘；声称(1)represent...as/tobe... 把……描绘成……representsth.tosb. 向某人说明某事representoneselfas/tobe... 自称是……(2)representativen. 代表adj. 典型的；有代表性的[多角练透]单句语法填空①Intheafternoon,youtogetherwithsomeofourstudentrepresentatives(represent)aregoingtovisittheHaiheRiverandenjoythebeautifulscenerythere.同义替换②Onbehalfof(＝Representing)ourschool,I'mgladtotellyousomethingabouttheseactivities.(2014·陕西高考书面表达)我非常高兴代表我们学校告诉你们有关这些活动的一些事情。补全句子③Sherepresents_her_mother_as/to_bethekindestmotherintheworld.她把她的妈妈描绘成世界上最好的母亲。7．ingeneral总的来说；通常(1)asageneralrule 一般而言；通常generallyspeaking 总体而言；一般而言(2)onthewhole＝tosumup 总的来说asawhole 就整体来看；一般地说inaword 总之inshort/brief 简而言之；总之[多角练透]单句语法填空①Petercanbereallydifficulttodealwiththematterattimeseventhoughhe'sanicepersoningeneral.②Generally(general)speaking,thenumberofthepeoplewhodriveafterdrinkingisonthedecrease.③Asageneralrule,themoreexpensivetheputeris,thebetteritis.补全句子④Weare,in_a_word,_busy.Ridiculouslybusy.总之，我们很忙。忙得不得了。8．atease舒适；快活；自由自在(1)feel/lookatease 感到/看上去心情放松putsb.atease 使某人放松takeone'sease 休息；轻松一下(2)withease 轻易地；毫不费力地(3)easeone'smind 使某人安心easesb.ofsth. 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)[多角练透]单句语法填空①Weliveinanagewhenmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.②Ieasedhimofhisdifficultybytellinghimwhattodo.补全句子③Whenyoufeelnervous,you'dbetterlistentosomelightmusictoput_yourself_at_ease.当你感到紧张时，你最好听一些轻音乐使自己放松一下。9．belikelytodosth.“有可能做某事”However,peoplefromplaceslikeSpain,ItalyorSouthAmericancountriesapproachotherscloselyandare_more_likely_to_touchthem.不过，来自西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。Sb./Sth.belikelytodosth.＝It'slikelythat...意为“……做某事是可能的”。单句语法填空①Thatmeansthepriceislikely(like)togodownbecauseofthepetition.②Ifyoucanfindsuitablelearningmethods,yourlearningefficiencyislikelyto_be_improved(improve)．句型转换③Ifyougrowupinalargefamily,youaremorelikelytodeveloptheabilitytogetonwellwithothers.→Ifyougrowupinalargefamily,it_is_more_likely_thatyoudeveloptheabilitytogetonwellwithothers.[单元语基落实]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theteacheroftenasksustomakeuseofeverychancewegettoimproveourspoken(speak)English.2．Hewaslatetoday.However,histeacherforgavehimashewasthefirstto_arrive(arrive)atschoolingeneral.3．Shestaredathishusbandwithanger(angry),sayingthatshewouldneverforgivehim.4．Sheisnotanoutgoingpersonandshedoesn'tletanyoneknowwhatshetruly(true)felt.5．Muchtohisdelight,thetopstudentwillrepresenthisschoolto_make(make)aspeechatthemeeting.6．Being_misunderstood(misunderstand)byotherswhenyoudonothingwrongatallisquiteabadexperience.7．Withthesummervacationapproaching(approach),heiswonderingwhattododuringthistime.8．Thetreesplantedattheendofthe1990shavebeeapowerfuldefence(defend)againstthestrongwind.9．(2017·天津高考单选)Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,allowing(allow)morepatientstobetreated.10．Hismindwasateaseandhefeltconfidentaboutthefuture.11．Itisgoodtobecuriousabouttheworldaroundyoubecausecuriosity(curious)isthebestteacher.12．Ingeneral,trafficaccidentsmayhappenatthecrossroads.13．Thelibraryisfunctioningasatemporaryhospitaltocopewithpeopleinjuredintheearthquake.14．SheisinPekingUniversity,majoring(major)inEnglishLiterature.15．Anothermonwayofgreeting(greet)inChineseistostatewhatsomebodyisdoing.Ⅱ.句型转换1．HewascuriousaboutAustraliancities,sohereadthebookwrittenbyDr.Johnson.→Curious_about_Australian_cities,_hereadthebookwrittenbyDr.Johnson.(形容词短语作状语)2．Whenweapproachedthecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.→Approaching_the_city_center,_wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.(现在分词短语作时间状语)3．Hehashiredalawyertodefendhimagainsthisaction.→Hehashiredalawyerin_defence_ofhisaction.(defence)Ⅲ.一句多译1．面对危险，并非所有的人都能保持冷静。①Not_all_the_people_can_keep_calminthefaceofdanger.②All_the_people_cannot_keep_calminthefaceofdanger.2．随着高考的临近，我们压力很大。①With_the_College_Entrance_Examination_approaching,_weareundergreatstress.(with;approach)②As_the_College_Entrance_Examination_draws_near,_weareundergreatstress.(as;draw)3．告诉妈妈这个消息是非常必要的。①Telling_mother_the_newswasquitenecessary.(v.­ing作主语)②It_was_quite_necessary_to_tellmotherthenews.(it作形式主语)4．如果你继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。①Youare_likely_to_sufferfrombadhealthifyoukeepsmoking.②It_is_likely_thatyouwillsufferfrombadhealthifyoukeepsmoking.5．你工作越努力，越有可能成功。①Ifyouworkharder,youare_more_likely_to_succeed.②Theharderyouwork,the_more_likely_you_are_to_succeed.[高考拆组训练]阅读理解组块专练——练速度(限时：30分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2018·山东省部分重点中学联考)TheScottishposerEvelynGlennielostnearlyallherhearingasayounggirl,yetwentontoaverysuccessfulcareerinmusicincludingwinningGrammyawards.Whensomebodyasksher，“Howdoyouhear？”Sheresponds,“Howdoyouhear?Isitonlywithyourears？”ForGlennie,andforustoo,listeningisnotonlyhearing,butisunderstanding.Weneedtolistentowhatissaidandunsaid,andalsohowitissaid.It'simportanttohearwhatpeoplesayaccurately.AsMarkTwainsaid，“Thedifferencebetweentherightwordandthealmostrightwordisthedifferencebetweenlightningandthelightningbug(萤火虫)．”Ifyoumisssomethingoryou'renotsureyou'veheardaccurately,askthespeakers.Atthispointyou'renotevaluatingwhattheysay,butjustlookingforaccuracyandunderstanding.Herearesomewaystogetclearaboutwhattheysayanddon'tsay.Whyaretheysayingthisnow,insteadofsoonerorlater?Whyaretheyemphasizingthesepoints,insteadofsomethingelse?Listentohowitissaid.Peoplesendsignalsaboutwhattheymeanwiththeirvoicesandbodylanguagethatsometimesdifferfromthewordstheysay.Whilegoingthroughthenextpoints,thinkaboutsomeonewhoserealmeaningyoumightsometimesmiss,andseeifanyofthesesignalsmighteup.First,voices.Whenothersspeak,noticechangesintheirvolume,pace,andtone.Second,bodylanguage.Noticegestures,eyecontact,andfacialexpressions.Dothesesyncwhattheyaresaying,ordotheytelladifferentstory?Third,emotions.Whatisthepersontruefeeling?Nowyoumightnotknowforsure,butbeconsiderate,opentounderstanding,andaskthoughtfulquestions.语篇解读：本文讲述了聆听的内涵。我们要听懂说话人想要表达的言外之意，并且要注意说话方式。1．What'sthewriter'spurposeofmentioningEvelynGlennie?A．Togiveanexampleofwisewords.B．Tointroduceaworld­famousmusician.C．Tohelpexplainthemeaningoflistening.D．Toencourageustofightagainstdisability.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“ForGlennie,andforustoo,listeningisnotonlyhearing,butisunderstanding.”可知，对于Glennie和“我们”来说，聆听不仅是用耳朵听而且是理解，这里说明了聆听的内涵。所以选项C正确。2．WhatcanwelearnfromwhatMarkTwainsaid?A．ItisimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishwords.B．Peopleshouldknowwordscanbeusedinmanydifferentways.C．Englishisaveryplicatedlanguagewithalargevocabulary.D．Theslightdifferencebetweenwordsmayresultinmisunderstanding.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It'simportanttohearwhatpeoplesayaccurately.”和“Atthispointyou'renotevaluatingwhattheysay,butjustlookingforaccuracyandunderstanding.”可知，准确听懂说话者的意思很重要。因此，选项D“词语的细微差异可能导致误解”与MarkTwain所说的话意思相吻合。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sync”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Match. B．Prove.C．Describe. D．Analyze.解析：选A词义猜测题。画线词前的修饰词these指代前一句中的“gestures,eyecontact,andfacialexpressions”；再根据画线词后的“whattheyaresaying,ordotheytelladifferentstory”可推断，match与画线词意思相近。故选A。4．Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．SpeakWhileYouListen B．ListenBeyondWordsC．ReadBetweenLines D．ThinkasYouTalk解析：选B标题归纳题。本文主要说明通过观察说话人的说话方式来听懂说话人想表达的言外之意。所以选B。B(2018·绍兴一中一模)StudentsatHarvardthistermhavebeendoingsomethingforthefirsttimeintheuniversity'slonghistory.Theypromisenottocheat,ormorespecifically,tosignuptoanhonorcodeinwhichtheypromisetosticktovaluesofacademicintegrity(学术诚信).Itmeansstudentsatthewell­knownUSuniversityhavetopromisenottocheatinexams.BrettFlehinger,aprofessoratHarvard,saysstudentsnowwritetheirown“personalresponse”tothehonorcodebeforestartingterm,repeattheirpromisewhenregisteringandthenagainbeforetakingexams.Harvard'sadoptionofanhonorcodefollowsawidely­knowncheatingeventin2012.Ononeexampaper,morethanahundredstudentswereinvestigatedandabout70laterfacedpunishment.Anannualsurveywasconductedbythestudentnewspaper,theHarvardCrimson.Thesurvey,basedonasampleofmorethan70%ofnewstudents,alsoaskedaboutcheating.Itfound9%admittedtohavingcheatedinanexam.Therewereotherswhohadcheatedinhomework,academicworkandotherassignments.Sowillstudentsbestoppedfromcheatingbyapromise?AstudypublishedinOctoberbytheUSNationalBureauofEconomicResearchfound“strongevidence”ofcheatingfromatleast10%ofstudents.“Itisnotsurprisingthatstudentscheat—theyhaveenoughreasonstodoso,andthelikelihoodofgettingcaughtislow，”concludedthestudy.“Whatisperhapsmoresurprisingisthatsolittleeffortisdevotedtocatchingcheatingstudents.”Wouldanhonorcodemakeadifference?SirCaryCooper,aprofessoratManchesterBusinessSchool,says,“Idon'tthinkitactuallystopsthecheatingthatmuch.Auniversitywillhaveitbecauseitgivesspecificmoralguidanceaboutwhatisincorrectbehavior.”语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。哈佛大学为了防止学生在考试中作弊，在注册和考试前让学生签署诚信守则，以此来提升学术诚信度。5．What'sthemainpurposeofHarvard'shonorcode?A．Tospreadknowledge.B．Topreventstudentscheatinginexams.C．Topunishstudentscheatinginexams.D．Tointroduceresultsoffailingintheexams.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段第三句及第一段内容可知，哈佛大学的诚信守则的主要目的是防止学生考试作弊。故选B。6．WhatmadeHarvard'shonorcodeappear?A．ThesurveybytheHarvardCrimson.B．AlotofHarvard'sstudents'suggestions.C．TheinfluencefromtheotherUSuniversities.D．AnumberofHarvard'sstudents'cheatinginexams.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段第一句及第三段内容可知，作弊事件迫使哈佛大学采用诚信守则制度。故选D。7．WhatdoweknowaboutthenewstudentsofHarvard?A．Nobodyadmittedhavingcheatedinexams.B．Someofthemcheatedinacademicwork.C．Allofthemcheatedonhomework.D．Theydidn'tcheatinexams.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句及第四段内容可知，一些哈佛新生曾在学术作业中作弊过。故选B。C(2018·福州五校第一次联考)ThereisapopularsayingintheEnglishlanguage：“Sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones,butwordswillneverhurtme.”Well,thatisnottrue.Unkindwords,name­callingoreventheso­called“thesilenttreatment”canhurtchildrenasmuchasbeingphysicallyhit,sometimesevenmoreso.Arecentstudyofmiddleschoolchildrenshowedthatverbal(言语的)abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain.ThestudywasaprojectofresearchersatHarvardMedicalSchoolinMassachusetts.ResearcherMartinTeicherandhisteamstudiedyoungadults,aged18to25.Theseyoungmenandwomenhadnoteverbeentreatedinacruelorviolentwaybytheirparents.Theresearchersaskedtheyoungpeopletoratetheirchildhoodexposuretoverbalabusefrombothparentsandotherchildren.Thentheresearchersperformedimagingtestsonthebrainsofthesubjects.Theimagesshowedthatthepeoplewhoreportedsufferingverbalabusefrompeersinmiddleschoolhadunderdevelopedconnectionsbetweentheleftandrightsideofthebrain.Thetwosidesofthebrainareconnectedbyalargebundleofconnectingfiberscalledthecorpuscallosum.Thiswastheareathatwasunderdeveloped.Themiddleschoolyearsareatimewhenthesebrainconnectionsaredeveloping.So,unkind,hurtfulmentsfromchildrenoradultsduringthisperiodhavethegreatesteffect.Theresearcherstestedthementalandemotionalconditionofalltheyoungpeopleinthestudy.Thetestsshowedthatthissamegroupofpeoplehadhigherlevelsoffear,depression,angeranddrugabusethanothersinthestudy.TheresearcherspublishedtheirfindingsonlineontheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry'swebsite.Parentscannotcontrolwhatotherpeoplesaytotheirchildren,buttheycanpreparetheirchildren.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。马萨诸塞州哈佛医学院的研究人员发现，语言暴力会干扰大脑神经的连接，对孩子的大脑发育造成不良影响。8．Whydoestheauthorusethepopularsayingatthebeginning?A．Toshowthepowerofwords.B．Tointroduceanoppositeview.C．Toprovetheauthor'sargument.D．Toshowancientpeople'swisdom.解析：选B作者意图题。引用名人名言、谚语等是文章开篇的常见写作方式，且大多用来引出文章的话题。但是根据此谚语后面的“Well,thatisnottrue.Unkindwords...sometimesevenmoreso.”可知，本文引用这个谚语恰恰是为了引出一个不同的或者说是相反的观点，故选B。9．Whatwillbediscussedinthenextparagraph?A．mentsonthefindings.B．Approachestofurtherstudies.C．Suggestionstoparents.D．Differentopinionsonthematter.解析：选C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，作者接下来应该会就“父母如何帮助自己的孩子为可能遭受的语言暴力做好准备，使他们不会受到语言暴力的影响”给出一些方法或建议。故选C。10．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Thewaywespeakmatters.B．Verbalviolenceshouldbestopped.C．Unkindwordshurtthebrain.D．Wordsareworsethansticksandstones.解析：选C主旨大意题。文章介绍了语言暴力对孩子的不良影响，再根据文中的“verbal(言语的)abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain”可以看出，其影