人工神经网络及应用智慧树知到期末考试答案章节答案2024年长安大学

人工神经网络及应用智慧树知到期末考试答案+章节答案2024年长安大学ThecommonlyusedtransferoractivationfunctionsoffullyconnectedlayerincludeSigmoidandSoftmax.（）

答案:对In1976,Grossberg,acognitiveneuroscientistatBostonUniversity,proposedamoreperfectperceptronmodel,adaptiveresonancetheory(ART),thatis,supervisedlearning.（）

答案:对Throughrepeatedlearning,SOFMneuralnetworkcanmakethespatialdistributiondensityofconnectionweightsconsistentwiththeprobabilitydistributionofinputpatterns,soitcancompletetheclassificationofinputpatternsthroughthespatialdistributionofconnectionweights.（）

答案:对Agradientisavectorthatindicatesthatthedirectionalderivativeofafunctionatacertainpointreachesitsmaximumvalueinthatdirection.（）

答案:对Intheearly1990s,Edelman,theNobellaureate,putforwardthreeformsofDarwinismmodelandestablishedaneuralnetworksystemtheoryinvolvinggrouprestriction,groupselectionandgroupcompetition.（）

答案:对Amari,aJapaneseresearcher,describedtrustallocationinbiologicalneuralnetworkswithmathematicallanguage.（）

答案:对AftertheElmanneuralnetworkisestablishedinMATLAB,theweightsandbiasvaluesofeachlayerareinitializedaccordingtoNguyenWidrowalgorithm,andtheinitializationfunctionisinitnw.（）

答案:对In1994,Hebb,aneuropsychologist,proposedtheearliestlearningrulesforneuralnetworks,whichwereusedtoadjusttheweightsbetweenneurons.（）

答案:对Rosenblattisoneofthemainconstructorsofmodernneuralnetwork.Hisresearchhasarousedgreatinterestandattentionofmanyscholarsandorganizations.（）

答案:对Biologicalstudieshaveshownthatneuronsarearrangedinanorderlymannerinthesensorychannelsofthehumanbrain.Neuronsindifferentregionshavedifferentfunctionsanddifferentinputinformationpatterns.（）

答案:对FERNNalgorithmcanextractMOFMrulesorDNFrulesaftertrainingneuralnetworkformanytimes.（）

答案:对Intheprocessofelectricalsynaptictransmission,chemicalsubstancesaretransmittedthroughgapjunctionsbetweentheanteriorandposteriorneurons.Thegapisusuallyverysmall,only2-3cm.()

答案:错OnJune23,1960,Rosenblatt,apsychologistatCornellUniversityintheUnitedStates,developedaperceptronbasedneuralcomputermark1,whichcanrecognizeEnglishletters.（）

答案:对Actionpotential(AP)isaspikelikepotentialchangeonthebasisofrestingmembranepotentialafterneuronsarestimulated.Itisthebasiclanguageofinformationtransmissioninthenervoussystem.（）

答案:对Overfittingmeansthatthemodelselectedduringlearningcontainstoofewparameters,thatis,thenumberofsamplesisverysmall.（）

答案:错Facedetectionandfacerecognitionarethesameconcept,whichcanbeusedtodetectthefaceinthescene.（）

答案:错Thecellmembraneonthesurfaceofaxoniscalledaxon,andthecytoplasminsideiscalledaxon.（）

答案:对Thepoolingoperationcanbedividedintotwoways:averagepoolingandmaximumpooling.（）

答案:对Hopfieldneuralnetworkisasetofnonlineardifferentialequations.TheLyapunovfunctionisintroducedintothenetworkforthefirsttime,thusthestabilityofthenetworkisproved.（）

答案:对Hopfieldneuralnetworkisakindoffeedbackneuralnetwork,whichhasthefunctionoflearningandmemory.Stabilityisoneofthemostimportantcharacteristicsofthisneuralnetworkmodel.（）

答案:对Hopfieldneuralnetworkisakindoffeedbacknetworkwithassociativememoryfunction.Itcanbedividedintodiscretetypeandcontinuoustype.（）

答案:对ADCNNwithcompletefunctionsisusuallycomposedofinputlayer，hiddenlayer,outputlayerorclassificationlayer.（）

答案:对ThearchitectureofRBFneuralnetworkissimilartothemultilayerforwardnetwork,whichisathree-layerforwardneuralnetworkwithsinglehiddenlayer.Theinputlayeriscomposedofsignalsourcenodes,andthehiddenlayerisasingleneuronlayer.（）

答案:对SOFMneuralnetworkformsself-organizingmappingspacebyintroducinggrid,andestablishestopologicalconnectionamongneurons.（）

答案:对RBFneuralnetworkisakindofneuralnetworkstructurewithgoodlocalapproximationperformance.Somescholarshaveprovedthatitcanapproachanycontinuousfunctionswitharbitraryprecision.（）

答案:对Whentheerrorbetweentheactualoutputandtheidealoutputexceedstheexpectedvalue,itisnecessarytoentertheerrorback-propagationprocess.（）

答案:对Whenalltheelementsinthematrixarezero,thematrixiscalledidentitymatrix.（）

答案:错Theideaoforthogonalleastsquare(OLS)comesfromlinearregressionmodel.（）

答案:对Ionpumpisoneofmembranetransportproteins,whichcandriveionsacrosscellmembraneinreverseconcentrationgradient.（）

答案:对DifferentfromthealgorithmderivationofBPnetwork,recursivenetworkgenerallyadoptsthealgorithmoforderedchainrule.（）

答案:对Deepconvolutionalgenerativeadversarialnetworks(DCGAN)istoaddconvolutionalneuralnetworktothegenerationmodelanddiscriminantmodel,whichgreatlyimprovesthegenerationperformance.（）

答案:对8.Forthelearningeffectofthesametrainingset,differentstepsizemeansdifferentiterationtimesofweakclassifier,andthelargerstepsizemeansmoreiterationtimesofweakclassifier.（）

答案:错ADALINEneuralnetworkreflectsthelinearmappingrelationshipintheinputandoutputsamplevectorspace.ItusesLMSalgorithm,andthemeansquareerrorofthenetworkpresentsaparabolicsurfaceofquadraticfunction,andthevertexofthesurfaceistheoptimalsolutionoftheneuralnetwork.（）

答案:对Inputlayergenerallyreferstotheneuralnetworklayerusedforinputimage.Thehiddenlayerincludestheconvolutionallayer,thepoolinglayerandthefullyconnectedlayer.（）

答案:对Adaptivelinearneuron(ADALINE)wasproposedbyStanfordProfessorWidrowandhisgraduatestudentHoffin1960.Itwasalmostatthesametimeastheperceptron.（）

答案:对Establishthebehaviormechanismmodelofartificialneuralnetwork,whichisascienceandtechnologytoabstracthumanbrainneuronsfromtheperspectiveofinformationprocessing,andformdifferentnetworkstructuresaccordingtodifferentconnectionmodes,andthensimulatetheactionofneuralnetwork.（）

答案:对ThestructureofANNiscomposedofalargenumberofprocessingunitsin().

答案:parallelThestrengthofsynaptictransmissionisnotunchangeable,itwillshowchangingtransmissionefficiency.（）

答案:对TheerrorfunctionusedinBPneuralnetworkalgorithmis（）.

答案:meansquareerrorfunctionInrecentyears,deeplearninghasshownexcellentperformanceinsolvingmanyproblemssuchasvisualrecognition,speechrecognitionandnaturallanguageprocessing.（）

答案:对Theinputlayerisresponsibleforreceivinginformationfromtheoutsideworldandtransmittingittothenextlayerofneurons.（）

答案:对Hopfieldneuralnetworkiscalled（）

答案:associativememoryInLMSlearningalgorithm,theweightvariationofADALINEneuralnetworkisinverselyproportionaltotheinputandoutputerrorsofthenetwork.（）

答案:错Thelearningstrategyofperceptronistoselectthemodelparameterswandbthatminimizethelossfunction.（）

答案:minimizeThedescriptionoftheparameter"validator"ofthewx.TextCtrlclassis:the（）.

答案:validatorofcontrolWhenthewindoweventoccurs,themaineventloopwillrespondandassigntheappropriateeventhandlertothewindowevent.（）

答案:对Thedescriptionoftheparameter"defaultDir"ofclasswx.FileDialogis:（）.

答案:defaultpathFromtheuser'spointofview,thewxPythonprogramisidleforalargepartofthetime,butwhentheuserortheinternalactionofthesystemcausestheevent,andthentheeventwilldrivethewxPythonprogramtoproducethecorrespondingaction.（）

答案:对InthedesignofartificialneuralnetworksoftwarebasedonwxPython,creatingGUImeansbuildingaframeworkinwhichvariouscontrolscanbeaddedtocompletethedesignofsoftwarefunctions.（）

答案:对Thedescriptionoftheproperty"tooltipstring"isthepromptthatappearswhenthemouseisovertheobject.（）

答案:对Itisnecessarytodeterminethestructureandparametersoftheneuralnetwork,includingthenumberofhiddenlayers,thenumberofneuronsinthehiddenlayerandthetrainingfunction.（）

答案:对Themenupropertybarhas"label"and"tag".Thelabelisequivalenttothetagvalueofthemenuitem,andthetagisthenameofthemenudisplay.（）

答案:错Inlarge-scalesystemsoftwaredesign,weneedtoconsiderthelogicalstructureandphysicalstructureofsoftwarearchitecture.（）

答案:对Thedescriptionoftheproperty"string"is:thetextdisplayedontheobject.（）

答案:对The"netprod"inthenetworkinputmodulecanbeusedfor（）.

答案:dotmultiplicationordotdivisionTheneuralnetworktoolboxcontains（）modulelibraries.

答案:fiveThe"dotrod"intheweightsettingmoduleisanormaldotproductweightfunction.（）

答案:错Themathematicalmodelofsingleneuronisy=f(wx+b).（）

答案:对Theneuronmodelcanbedividedintothreeparts:inputmodule,transferfunctionandoutputmodule.（）

答案:对SOFMneuralnetworksaredifferentfromotherartificialneuralnetworksinthattheyadoptcompetitivelearningratherthanbackwardpropagationerrorcorrectionlearningmethodsimilartogradientdescent,andinasense,theyuseneighborhoodfunctionstopreservetopologicalpropertiesofinputspace.（）

答案:对ThecorelayerofSOFMneuralnetworkis（）.

答案:competitionlayerForSOFMneuralnetwork,thecompetitivetransferfunction(CTF)responseis0forthewinningneurons,and1forotherneurons.（）

答案:错Whentheinputpatterntothenetworkdoesnotbelongtoanypatterninthenetworktrainingsamples,SOFMneuralnetworkcanonlyclassifyitintotheclosestmode.（）

答案:对Inordertodividetheinputpatternsintoseveralclasses,thedistancebetweeninputpatternvectorsshouldbemeasuredaccordingtothesimilarity.（）areusuallyused.

答案:EuclideandistancemethodandcosinemethodThemostbasicpropertyofAdaBoostisthatitreducesthetrainingerrorcontinuouslyinthelearningprocess,thatis,theclassificationerrorrateonthetrainingdatasetuntileachweakclassifieriscombinedintothefinalidealclassifier.（）

答案:对Boostingalgorithmisthegeneralnameofaclassofalgorithms.Theircommongroundistoconstructastrongclassifierbyusingagroupofweakclassifiers.Weakclassifiermainlyreferstotheclassifierwhosepredictionaccuracyisnothighandfarbelowtheidealclassificationeffect.Strongclassifiermainlyreferstotheclassifierwithhighpredictionaccuracy.（）

答案:对ThemainpurposeofaddingregularizationtermintotheformulaofcalculatingstrongclassifieristopreventtheoverfittingofAdaBoostalgorithm,whichisusuallycalledstepsizeinalgorithm.（）

答案:对Amongthemanyimprovedboostingalgorithms,themostsuccessfuloneistheAdaBoost(adaptiveboosting)algorithmproposedbyYoavFreundofUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiegoandRobertSchapireofPrincetonUniversityin1996.（）

答案:对ThelossfunctionofAdaBoostalgorithmis（）.

答案:exponentialfunctionThecharacteristicofElmanneuralnetworkisthattheoutputofthehiddenlayerisdelayedandstoredbythefeedbacklayer,andthefeedbackisconnectedtotheinputofthehiddenlayer,whichhasthefunctionofinformationstorage.（）

答案:对Thefeedbacklayerisusedtomemorizetheoutputvalueoftheprevioustimeofthehiddenlayerunitandreturnittotheinput.Therefore,Elmanneuralnetworkhasdynamicmemoryfunction.（）

答案:对InElmannetwork,thetransferfunctionoffeedbacklayerisnonlinearfunction,andthetransferfunctionofoutputlayerislinearfunction.（）

答案:对TheneuronsinthehiddenlayerofElmannetworkadoptthetangentS-typetransferfunction,whiletheoutputlayeradoptsthelineartransferfunction.Ifthereareenoughneuronsinthefeedbacklayer,thecombinationofthesetransferfunctionscanmakeElmanneuralnetworkapproachanyfunctionwitharbitraryprecisioninfinitetime.（）

答案:对Elmanneuralnetworkisakindofdynamicrecurrentnetwork,whichcanbedividedintofullfeedbackandpartialfeedback.Inthepartialrecurrentnetwork,thefeedforwardconnectionweightcanbemodified,andthefeedbackconnectioniscomposedofagroupoffeedbackunits,andtheconnectionweightcannotbemodified.（）

答案:对Intheartificialneuralnetwork,thequalityofmodelingwilldirectlyaffecttheperformanceofthegenerativemodel,butasmallamountofpriorknowledgeisneededfortheactualcasemodeling.（）

答案:错AGANmainlyincludesageneratorGandadiscriminatorD.（）

答案:对TheessenceoftheoptimizationprocessofDandGistofindthe（）.

答案:minimaxBecausethegenerativeadversarialnetworkdoesnotneedtodistinguishthelowerboundandapproximateinference,itavoidsthepartitionfunctioncalculationproblemcausedbythetraditionalrepeatedapplicationofMarkovchainlearningmechanism,andimprovesthenetworkefficiency.（）

答案:对Fromtheperspectiveofartificialintelligence,GANusesneuralnetworktoguideneuralnetwork,andtheideaisverystrange.（）

答案:对InAlexNet,thereare650000neuronswithmorethan600000parametersdistributedinfiveconvolutionlayersandthreefullyconnectedlayersandSoftmaxlayerswith1000categories.（）

答案:错ComparedwithGPU,CPUhashigherprocessingspeed,andhassignificantadvantagesinprocessingrepetitivetasks.（）

答案:错VGGNetiscomposedoftwoparts:theconvolutionlayerandthefullconnectionlayer,whichcanberegardedasthedeepenedversionofAlexNet.（）

答案:对Atpresent,DCNNhasbecomeoneofthecorealgorithmsinthefieldofimagerecognition,butitisunstablewhenthereisasmallamountoflearningdata.（）

答案:错Inthefieldoftargetdetectionandclassification,thetaskofthelastlayerofneuralnetworkistoclassify.（）

答案:对Atpresent,researchershavesuccessfullyappliedHopfieldneuralnetworktosolvethetravelingsalesmanproblem(TSP),whichisthemostrepresentativeofoptimizationcombinatorialproblems.（）

答案:对Theorderinwhichneuronsadjusttheirstatesisnotunique.Itcanbeconsideredthatacertainordercanbespecifiedorselectedrandomly.Theprocessofneuronstateadjustmentincludesthreesituations:from0to1,and1to0andunchanged.（）

答案:对Hopfieldneuralnetworkisakindofneuralnetworkwhichcombinesstoragesystemandbinarysystem.Itnotonlyprovidesamodeltosimulatehumanmemory,butalsoguaranteestheconvergenceto（）.

答案:localminimumIn1982,AmericanscientistJohnJosephHopfieldputforwardakindoffeedbackneuralnetwork"Hopfieldneuralnetwork"inhispaperNeuralNetworksandPhysicalSystemswithEmergentCollectiveComputationalAbilities.（）

答案:对Undertheexcitationofinputx,DHNNentersadynamicchangeprocess,untilthestateofeachneuronisnolongerchanged,itreachesastablestate.Thisprocessisequivalenttotheprocessofnetworklearningandmemory,andthefinaloutputofthenetworkisthevalueofeachneuroninthestablestate.（）

答案:对Inpracticalapplication,theinverseofthecorrelationmatrixandthecorrelationcoefficientarenoteasytoobtain,sotheapproximatesteepestdescentmethodisneededinthealgorithmdesign.Thecoreideaisthattheactualmeansquareerrorofthenetworkisreplacedbythemeansquareerrorofthek-thiteration.（）

答案:对Thealgorithmusedinsingle-layerADALINEnetworkisLMSalgorithm,whichissimilartothealgorithmofperceptron,andalsobelongstosupervisedlearningalgorithm.（）

答案:对Intermsofalgorithm,ADALINEneuralnetworkadoptsW-Hlearningrule,alsoknownastheleastmeansquare(LMS)algorithm.Itisdevelopedfromtheperceptronalgorithm,anditsconvergencespeedandaccuracyhavebeengreatlyimproved.（）

答案:对WhentherearemultipleADALINEinthenetwork,theadaptivelinearneuralnetworkisalsocalledMadalinewhichmeansmanyAdalineneuralnetworks.（）

答案:对ADALINEneuralnetworkhassimplestructureandmulti-layerstructure.Itisflexibleinpracticalapplicationandwidelyusedinsignalprocessing,systemidentification,patternrecognitionandintelligentcontrol.（）

答案:对Atpresent,RBFneuralnetworkhasbeensuccessfullyappliedinnonlinearfunctionapproximation,timeseriesanalysis,dataclassification,patternrecognition,informationprocessing,imageprocessing,systemmodeling,controlandfaultdiagnosis.（）

答案:对RBFneuralnetworkisanovelandeffectivefeedforwardneuralnetwork,whichhasthebestlocalapproximationandglobaloptimalperformance.（）

答案:对ThebasicideaofRBFneuralnetworkistouseradialbasisfunctionasthe"basis"ofhiddenlayerhiddenunittoformhiddenlayerspace,andhiddenlayertransformsinputvector.Theinputdatatransformationoflowdimensionalspaceismappedintohigh-dimensionalspace,sothattheproblemoflinearseparabilityinlow-dimensionalspacecanberealizedinhigh-dimensionalspace.（）

答案:对ForthelearningalgorithmofRBFneuralnetwork,thekeyproblemistodeterminethecenterparametersoftheoutputlayernodereasonably.（）

答案:错ThemethodofselectingthecenterofRBFneuralnetworkbyself-organizinglearningistoselectthecenterofRBFneuralnetworkbyk-meansclusteringmethod,whichbelongstosupervisedlearningmethod.（）

答案:错InthestandardBPneuralnetworkalgorithmandmomentumBPalgorithm,thelearningrateisaconstantthatremainsconstantthroughoutthetrainingprocess,andtheperformanceofthelearningalgorithmisverysensitivetotheselectionofthelearningrate.（）

答案:对BPneuralnetworkhasbecomeoneofthemostrepresentativealgorithmsinthefieldofartificialintelligence.Ithasbeenwidelyusedinsignalprocessing,patternrecognition,machinecontrol(expertsystem,datacompression)andotherfields.（）

答案:对L-Malgorithmismainlyproposedforsuperlargescaleneuralnetwork,anditisveryeffectiveinpracticalapplication.（）

答案:错In1974,PaulWerbosofthenaturalsciencefoundationoftheUnitedStatesfirstproposedtheuseoferrorbackpropagationalgorithmtotrainartificialneuralnetworksinhisdoctoraldissertationofHarvardUniversity,anddeeplyanalyzedthepossibilityofapplyingittoneuralnetworks,effectivelysolvingtheXORloopproblemthatsinglesensorcannothandle.（）

答案:对TheoutputofBPneuralnetworkis（）ofneuralnetwork.

答案:theoutputofthelastlayerWhentheperceptronislearning,eachsamplewillbeinputintotheneuronasastimulus.Theinputsignalisthefeatureofeachsample,andtheexpectedoutputisthecategoryofthesample.Whentheoutputisdifferentfromthecategory,wecanadjustthesynapticweightandbiasvalueuntiltheoutputofeachsampleisthesameasthecategory.（）

答案:对Theperceptronlearningalgorithmisdrivenbymisclassification,sothestochasticgradientdescentmethodisusedtooptimizethelossfunction.（）

答案:misclassificationThebasicideaofperceptronlearningalgorithmistoinputsamplesintothenetworkstepbystep,andadjusttheweightmatrixofthenetworkaccordingtothedifferencebetweentheoutputresultandtheidealoutput,thatistosolvetheoptimizationproblemoflossfunctionL(w,b).（）

答案:对

答案:对Perceptronisasingle-layerneuralnetwork,orneuron,whichisthesmallestunitofneuralnetwork.（）

答案:对LogarithmicS-typetransferfunction,namelySigmoidfunction,isalsocalledS-shapedgrowthcurveinbiology.（）

答案:对Thefunctionoftransferfunctioninneuronsistogetanewmappingoutputofsummeraccordingtothespecifiedfunctionrelationship,andthencompletes