一轮复习随堂课件语法专题突破专题七定语从句1

语法专题突破专题七定语从句英语2022内容索引核心考点课堂突破专项训练巩固提升核心考点课堂突破[高考感悟]单句填空1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)...Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot______________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.

2.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)InancientChinalivedanartist,_______________paintingswerealmostlifelike.

3.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,___________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.

wherewhosewhich4.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters_______________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.

5.(2018·北京卷)Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_______________helpsthemkeepfit.

whowhich[考点归纳]考点一

关系代词与关系副词

关系词关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人宾语MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人、物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人、物主语、宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语、宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人、物主语、宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as作宾语一般不省略关系词关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhich替换可用onwhich替换where地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhich替换可用inwhich替换why原因原因状语Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich替换注意1.当先行词为way,意为“方法、方式”,且在定语从句中作主语、宾语时,可用关系代词which或that;作状语时,要用in

which

或that或不填任何关系词。The

way

(that/in

which)

he

finished

the

task

successfully

was

difficult

to

understand.(作状语)The

way(that/which)

he

explained

to

me

was

not

difficult

to

understand.(作宾语)2.当先行词为time时,若表示“一段时间”,后面定语从句用when引导,也可用at/during

which;若表示“次数”,后面定语从句用that引导,that可以省略。There

was

a

time

when

we

had

no

TV

sets.This

is

the

second

time(that)

the

president

has

visited

our

country.考点二

that与which,who,whom的用法区别

情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1.先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时2.先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时3.先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时4.先行词既指人又指物时5.先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时6.句中已经有who或which,为了避免重复时Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?情况用法说明例句只用which,who,whom的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人3.先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those,one,ones时多用whoHehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.考点三

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不是十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词作宾语时也不能省略Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.考点四

as与which的区别

定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和thesame修饰时,关系代词用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如,像”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,指代主句中某物或整个句子所表达的内容Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,hewasafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.注意as多用于下列习惯用语中:①as

anybody

can

see正如大家能看到的那样②as

we

had

expected正如我们所预料的那样③as

often

happens正如经常发生的那样④as

has

been

said

before如之前所述⑤as

is

mentioned

above正如上面所提到的考点五

定语从句与同位语从句的区别

that引导同位语从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,而that引导定语从句时则充当主语、宾语或表语等成分Don’tyouforgetthepromise(that)youmade?Hemakesapromisethathewillmakeyouveryrichifyouworkwithhim.what,whether和how不可以引导定语从句,但可以引导同位语从句Thereissomedoubtwhethershewillbedismissedfromschool.定语从句前面的名词既可以是具体名词,也可以是抽象名词;而同位语从句所修饰的词一般是抽象名词,从句说明该名词所指的具体内容Thepatientacceptedtheadvicethatsmokingshouldbegivenup.(同位语从句)ThisistheadvicewhichwasgivenbyTom.(定语从句)专项训练巩固提升Ⅰ.单句填空1.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_________Ihadevermetbefore.2.Itwasonthefarm_________weworkedthatIgottoknowher.

3.Aperson_______________e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.

4.Youshouldreadonlysuchbooks_______________youcanunderstandwithoutmuchdifficulty.

5.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases_______________beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.

whomwhere

whoseaswhere

6.Thereason_______________hewantstosellhishouseisthatheneedsalotofmoneyforhisoperation.

7.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,after_______________hefoundajobinabigcompany.

8.Shewaspleasedwiththeway___________hehadacceptedhercriticism.

9.Weshouldn’tspentourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof_______________arehealthy.Attheage_______________otherpeopleretire,Francisbeganthegreatestcauseinhislife.

10.Theytalkedofthingsandpersons_______________theyrememberedintheschool.

whywhichthatwhomwhen

thatⅡ.语法填空Thebooksonthedesks,1._______________coversareshiny,areprizesforus.Thebookiswellwrittenandwellprinted.Therearefew,ifany,mistakesinit.

Thisisthebook2._______________Ihavereaddozensoftimes.Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark3.______________youhaveanyquestions.Fromthisexp