2024年高考英语一轮复习第32讲阅读七选五段首设空题（核心考点）（原卷版）

第32讲阅读七选五段首设空题（核心考点精讲精练）三年真题七选五段首设空题考点细目表试卷年份体裁主题语境文章结构选项特征设空位置段首段中段位乙卷2023说明文人与自然室内植物、及其好处总—分残缺句＋完整句032甲卷2023说明文人与自我变得有耐心的方法总—分残缺句＋完整句131新高考Ⅰ卷2023说明文人与自我学会自我原谅总—分—总完整句041新高考Ⅱ卷2023说明文人与自我怎样开启艺术之旅总—分—总完整句131全国卷Ⅰ/全国乙卷2022应用文人与社会——人际关系总—分残缺句＋完整句3112021说明文人与社会——人际交往总—分—总残缺句＋完整句2212020说明文人与自我——自我接纳总—分完整句1312019说明文人与自然——新鲜空气有助于健康总—分完整句230全国卷Ⅱ/全国甲卷2022说明文人与社会——社会与文化总—分—总残缺句＋完整句1312021说明文人与自然——环境保护总—分残缺句＋完整句1402020说明文人与社会——表情符号与职场交流并列式残缺句＋完整句1402019议论文人与自我——有动力的方法总—分完整句140全国卷Ⅲ2020说明文人与社会——乔迁聚会总—分完整句2212019说明文人与自我——建立健康有益的互动交流总—分完整句1312.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】从近三年高考试题来看，英语阅读理解“七选五”空位置题目在段首多考查：主旨句或承上启下句。【备考策略】1．广泛阅读，尤其是内容贴近生活、贴近时代的“关爱自我、关注社会、关心环境”型材料。2．培养和提升语篇理解能力、逻辑思辨能力，树立“语篇框架(脉络)”意识，具体方式如下：【命题预测】从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，预测2024年高考阅读理解七选五试题仍然以结构鲜明的指导类说明文为主，段首句也是考查重点。题型总览若问题在段首，通常是段落主题句。若是针对段落小标题设空。其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同。选项应短小精评，多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使向。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句。选项要有概括性。考点一小标题或段落主题句（2023年新高考II卷）·___19___Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反馈)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.AGetoutofyourfortzone.B.Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C.Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D.Shareyourworkifyoufeelfortabledoingso.E.You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F.Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded,redefineyourrole.G.You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlyeswithrepetition.[2023·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学第二次学业质量评价检测]____4____Andnotalwaysinagoodway.Forexample,inone2011study,teensdoingadrivingtaskinalabtookmoreriskswhentheirfriendswerearound.Researchersalsolookedattheteens’brainsduringthistask.Theysawactivityinapartofthebrainthat’sinvolvedinrewards,whichsuggeststheteenswerechangingtheirbehaviortotrytogetsocialapproval.A．Itcanalsolowertheviewer’sselfcontrol.B．Apopularpostdoesn’tnecessarilymeanitisaqualitypost.C．It’snosurprise:Feedbackfrompeersaffectshowteensbehave.D．Theirbrainsrespondtothoselikesbyturningontherewardcenter.E．Andthatcan,inappropriately,makeusfeellesssuccessfulthanthem.F．Butthose“likes”canhavepowerthatgoesbeyondasimpleconnection.G．Mostofwhattheydoisreadandrespondtopostsbyfriendsandfamily.考点二注释小标题(2023·全国甲卷·片段)●___19___.Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself,“___20Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding___.”You’llthengraduallybeemorepatient.[2023·江苏省苏北七市高三二模]Conscious(有意识的)livingisnotjustatrend.____1____Itisaboutbeingintentionalwitheverythingyoudo—yourwords,actions,beliefs,habits,andchoices.Acceptingconsciouslivingtakessomeeffort,butitisworthwhile.Herearesomewaysyoucanachievethisgoal.●Beconsciousaboutyourtime.Timeisthemostpreciousthingbecausethereisnowaytoliveamomentagain.____2____Ifyouwasteyourprecioushoursdoingnegativethings,youwillregretitlater.Thefirststepforlivingconsciouslyistobewiseaboutyourtime.Beselectiveaboutthingsyouspenditon,andallocate(分配)itforpositiveactivities.●____3____Youcannotachievethemunlessyouunderstandyourneedsandintentions.Itiseasiersaidthandonebecausemostpeoplefailtomakeanefforttoknowthemselves.Spendtimethinkingoverandknowingyourstrengthsandweaknesses.Onceyouknowyourselfbetter,youcancreateaplantoworktowardsbeingmorepatient,honest,andforgiving.A．Knowyourselfbetter.B．Acceptthepersonyouare.C．Lifecanbealotbetterwiththerightdecisions.D．Itisahealthychoicethatenablesyoutobehappy.E．Pickitasadailyhabit,andyouwillnoticethedifference.F．Thewayyouspendyourtimedeterminesthecourseofyourlife.G．Thebestwaytobuildselfbeliefisbyreflectingonyourownthoughts.【2023·安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】____39____Askyourselfwhysomanypeoplearedrawntocountlesstraveltripsordestinations.Evenifyoudisagreewitheverythingthattravelagenciessay,exploringtheviewpointsmightexplainwhysomeroutesthatdon’tseemvalidtoyouappealtoothers.Thiswillallowyoutoexplorealternatives,evaluateyourownchoices,andultimatelyhelpyoumakemoreinformeddecisions.A．Exploreotherpointsofview.B．Applytheinformationcollected.C．Inotherwords,gettoknowwhatyou’relookingfor.D．Thenwhataboutthelongtermenvironmentaleffects?E．Butitcanhelpusincreasethenumberofpositivechoiceswemake.F．Therefore,askyourselfaboutwhatinterestsyoumostandwhatisneeded.G．Ithelpsyouweighdifferentoptions,movingyouclosertoawiserdecision.考点三段落间的过渡句(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.38.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.39OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency(效率)．Youcantellthisbycafélife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.40.Notallthecustomersaretourists.Whendothesepeoplework?TheFrenchtaketheir35hourworkweekseriously—soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofpanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.B．ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.C．Therewasanicekitchenandafortablebed.D．Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E．That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F．Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.[2023·湖北省十一校第二次联考]Ifyou’vehadabadnight’ssleep,oryou’vejustgottoomuchtodo,thelastthingyouwanttobetoldisto“bepositive!”____1____.Ofcourse,developingapositiveattitudeiseasiersaidthandoneitdoesn’tenaturallytoeveryone.Whenyou’refeelingdown,itishardtobeoptimistic.Butastudyhasfoundthatpeoplewhoareoptimistsaremorelikelytolivelongerthanthosewhohaveamorenegativeapproachtolife.So,maybeonceyouthinkofalongerlife,____2____Thestudyconcludedthatoptimistsmayfinditeasiertocontrolemotionsandgetlessstressed.Andasstressimpactsontheimmunesystem,____3____.ProfessorLewinaLeefromBostonUniversitysaid:“Ourfindingsspeaktothepossibilitythatraisinglevelsofoptimismmaypromotelongevityandhealthyaging.”Andsheadvisesthatpessimistscouldbenefitfromdoingthingslikeimaginingafuturewhereeverythingturnsoutwell.Butifyou’rea‘glasshalfempty’typeofperson,couldseeingtheworldthroughrosetintedglassesworkforyou?Everybeanhasitsblack.____4____Somepeoplesayit’sbesttocelebratethepositivesandignorethenegativepartsofourlives.____5____.VickiSiskasays“Musicfeedsmysoul,asenseofhumourkeepsthingsinperspective”.PippaKennedysays“beinggratefulforwhatyouhave!”Otherpeopleremenddoingyogaandmeditationaswellasstayingfittohelpmaintainapositiveoutlookonlife.A．AcceptingthishelpsuscontrolouremotionsB．AcceptitandmakeeffortstoimproveyourselfC．it’spossiblethatoptimistsbetterhandleinfectionsD．ButhavingthismindsetcouldhavemanybenefitsE．ButitcouldhelpyouhaveapositiveoutlookonlifeF．itmightencourageyoutohaveamorehopefuloutlookonlifeG．Peoplehavetheirpersonaladviceonkeepingapositiveapproachtolife过关检测（2023·湖南长沙·雅礼中学校考三模）Activelisteningisavaluableskillinwhichthelistenermakesaconsciousefforttounderstandthespeaker’sentiremessage.Belowarefivebenefitsofactivelisteningandwhattheycandoforyouatwork.Activelisteningcanhelpachieveunderstanding.Theconflictresolutionskillsofdifferentpeoplevary.1Veryoftenweonlyhearwhatwewanttohear.However,beingabletounderstandanotherpointofviewpletelycanavoidmanypotentiallynegativeoutes.Activelisteningcanresolveconflict.Peopleinvolvedinconflictoftenfeelmisunderstood.2Ifyouaimtoresolveconflictsatwork,andencourageotherstodothesame,youmustbeginbylisteningtotheopposingpointofviewobjectively.Activelisteningisanessentialpartoflearning.3Activelisteningisaskillthatallowsyoutoacquiretheknowledgewhichcouldleadyourpanyintoabetterfuture.4Listeningtothewholemessagemeansyou’reengagingonadeeperlevelwiththespeaker.Itallowsyoutoabsorbmoreprecisedetailsfromtheconversationitself.Ifyou’rereceivinginstructionsortraining,youwillbeabletorecalldetailsmoreeasily.Activelisteningcanhelpyoubeeagoodleader.Asaleader,whenyoulistentowhatyourfollowershavetosay,youunderstandthembetter.5You’llbeabletoworkoutwithcolleaguesoremployeesaboutwhereimprovementscanbemadeforthebenefitofallinvolved.A．Activelisteningcanhelpindealingwithemergencies.B．Inturn,yourworkplacemunicationskillswillimprove.C．Leadersshouldalwaysbeopentoexploringsomethingnew.D．Activelisteningwillhelpavoidmissingimportantinformation.E．Somepeoplenaturallyknowhowtostepintosomeoneelse’sshoes.F．Thereasontheyargueisthattheydon’tfullyknoweachother’spositions.G．It’seasytobeedistractedwhensomeoneisspeakingtousinaworkplace.（2023·云南·云南师大附中校考模拟预测）HowtoOvereFearEveryoneexperiencesfearsometimes.Fearcanactuallyhelpkeepyousafebyalertingyoutopotentiallydangeroussituations.6.Fortunately,therearethingsyoucandotoaddressyourfearsandminimizetheimpactithasonyou.7.Itisquitenormaltofear.However,whenfearsbegintotakeoveryourlifeandaffectyourfunctioning,theybeeaproblem.Reflectonyourfearsandnoticehowmuchtheyaffectyourlife.Realizethatit’sokaytohavefears.Fearisanadaptivefunctionthatprolongsourlives.Feartriggersa“fightorflight”response,whichreadiesourbodiestotakeactioninordertoprotectourselves.Understandyourtriggers.Isitsomethingobvious,likethesightofasnakeonatrail?Figureouteverythingthattriggersyourfear.8.Imaginetheouteyoudesire.Nowthatyoubetterunderstandyourfear,thinkaboutwhatexactlyyouwanttochange.9.Howdoyoufeel?Practiceengagingwiththefear.Thepowertolabelyouremotionsisbeneficialforselfunderstandingandemotionalintelligence.Makeyourfearasourceoffascination.Trytoreframeyourfearinapositivelightandacknowledgethethrillitcanoffer.Whenyoustartseeingfearasasourceofenergy,youmightevenembraceitsroleinyourlife.10.Oncethedisfortoftheinitialwaveoffearpasses,examineitmorecloselytoseewhatyoucanlearn.A．However,therearetimeswhenfearrunsoverwhelminganddisturbsyourdailylifeB．StartseeingfearasanopportunityC．RecognizewhenfearsbeeoverwhelmingD．Themoreyoucanknowaboutyourfear,thebetterE．ThinkaboutyourselfexperiencinglifewithoutyourfearF．FigureoutexactlywhatpoweryourfearhasoveryourmindandbehaviorG．Acknowledgewhatesupwithnoattachmentto“good”or“bad”（2023·湖南娄底·统考模拟预测）Universitylifeisfulloffunandexperiences.Buttomakelearningmuchmoreenjoyable,youshouldfollowcertainstepsthatwillhelpyououtinkeepingyourstressleveldownandhavingthemostofthefunintheuniversity.Alwaysgetinvolvedintheevents.Doingsomethingeverydayisveryimportantnotonlyintheuniversitylifebutalsointhepracticallife.11Beactiveandsmart.Jointhesocieties,whichwillhelpyoudeveloppersonalityandincreaseyourconfidence.Alwaysshowup.Showingpeoplethatyouaretherewiththemandalwayswillbe.Offerhelptoeverybody.Inthiswaymorepeoplewillknowyouandyouwillbeabletowipeoffyourfearofsocialinteraction.12Makeasmanyfriendsaspossible.Don’trestrictyourselfinmakingfriends;itwillhelpincreaseyourknowledge.Youwilllearnalotaboutdifferentculturesandthiswillhelpyouwithyourpracticallifetoo.Bymunicatingwithdifferentpeopleyou’lllearndifferentinterestingaspectsoftheirlives.13Ifyoukeepthinkingallthetimeaboutfuture,youwillendupbeingdepressed.Youstartlosingyourfocusandbegintoworryaboutlessimportantthings.14Releaseyourstressandbepresentfocused.Itwillgreatlyhelpyouinacplishingyourgoalsandachievinghappiness.Keepabalance.15Beingextremeinonefieldmightbringastonishingresults,butthiswillaffectotheraspectsofyourlife.Keepabalancebetweenshorttermgoalsandlongtermbenefits.Thiswillhelpyouinachievingaperfectandenjoyablelife.A．Donotwastetimedoingnothing.B．Justrelaxandstopthinkingaboutthefuture.C．Nevermovetowardstheextremeandtrylivinganaveragelife.D．Bepresentfocused.E．Somestudentsmayliketohavemanyfriendsandenjoyapartylifestyle.F．Themorepeopleyouknow,theeasieritwillbeforyoutowalkaroundwithoutbeingshy.G．Nobodycaresifyoumissclass,don’teatproperly,nordon’tgotoaparty.（2023·四川·模拟预测）Ifyoufeelthatlifecannotbeworseforyou,it’llbearduoustothinkpositively.Whenstressed,dampened,hurtinapassivestateofmind,foryou’reawarethatmisfortunekeepstakingplacenonstop,it’shighlycrucialtoconvertpassivethoughtsintosomethinguplifting.16.It’softendifficulttothinkpositivelyifmostthingsaboundyouarepassive,yetassureyourselfthatdefinitelysomeoneisevenworsethanyou.17.Whenyoukickoffwithonesmallbutpositivethingandadoreitduringthecourseofyourday,you’llstarttogetintoamorepositivesituationandhencepeoplecouldbeginturningupinyourlifeandbeavitalpartofyourlife.Withsincereappreciation,you’llfindoutthatastimelapses,you’llbeabletochangeyourvaluesandchoosetoembracehappinessdespitethosebadeventsaboutyou.18.●menceandconcludeeachdaywithasentenceofappreciationlike“Thankyouforhavingmeafabulousandfreshday.”●Whenyourbosspushedyoutoohardtoaccept,soliloquizeyourself:Ifeelthankfulforthecurrentemployment,forIunderstandthatatleasttherehavestillbeensomanypeerspetingfiercelytovieforemployment.”●Ifyouarehavehealthrelatedproblems,appreciateallthatstilldowork:youreyessee,yourearshear,andyourbrainthinkssoonandsoforth.●Writedownanythingforwhichyou’regratefulperday.Whenyou’rereallyletdown,readaloudandloudlywhatyouwroteduringthelastdays,weeks,months,etc.19.Ifyoucankeeppractisingthisinaregularmanner,you’llultimatelyfindwhatyou’vebeenpursuingforsolong.Anyway,theverykeyistogetyourselfdiveintocheerfulthoughtsandideasandthenmaintainthemforlongenoughsoastoattainthepowerofappreciation.20.A．Thiswillhelpupliftyourspirits.B．Ifnot,you’llonlyinducemoremisfortunes.C．It’sofvitalimportancetodemonstrateyourgratitude.D．Themoreyouappreciate,themoredelightedyou’llfeel.E．You’vemadequiteafewachievementsduringyourcareer.F．Hereareafewgeneralinstancesforyoutopractise.G．Youcouldchoosetoconsiderdifferentlybymeansofstartingwiththesmalleststeps.（2023·云南保山·统考二模）Trees,plantsandflowersareallaroundusandweenjoytheirbeautyeveryday.Wearesousedtothemthatwemayeventakethemforgrantedwithoutrealisinghowmuchinspirationtheyhavegivenus.Infact,naturehasinspiredmanyofthemostfascinatingdesignsaroundus.21PeoplewhoareinterestedinexploringtherelationshipbetweenartandsciencewillenjoySingapore’sArtScienceMuseum.Shapedlikealotusflower,itappearstofloatabovethewaterfrontpromenade(滨海步道)withthewatersurroundingit.Itsroofcollectsrainwaterandchannelsit35metresdowntoawaterfallinthecentreofthespace.22Visitorsareoftenamazedtofindthemselvesinanurbanbuildingthatsotrulycapturesthebeautyofnaturalforms.Basedontheformandprocessoftermite(白蚁)mounds(土堆),Harare’sEastgateCentreisasuperbexampleofbiomimicry(仿生学).Ithasa“skin”coveredinholes.23Atnight,theheatabsorbedbythewallduringthedaywarmsthecoolair,creatingasuitabletemperaturesothatpeoplecanstayinsidefortably.Thedesignreducestheneedfortraditionalairconditioningandheatingsystems,savingalotofenergyandcosts.24Thesurfaceoftheapartmentbuildingiscoveredinpanelsthatcontainalgae.Thepanelscancaptureheatfromthesunandconvertitintoenergythatpowersthebuilding.Andthat’snotall—thealgaeinsidethepanelscanbeharvestedandusedtoproducefuel.Therefore,thebuildingnotonlyuseslessenergy,butalsoreducesdamagetotheenvironment.Greatbuildingsliketheseenablesustoliveincloserharmonywithnature.25Itmaybechallengingtomeettheneedsoftodaywhileprotectingtheworldoftomorrow,buteventhesimplestorganismscanhelpteachushowtoachievethis.A．Itisalsopresentedinvariousarchitecturaldesigns.B．Whatweneedistoseekmoreinspirationfromnature.C．Theholesaredesignedtoallowairtomovefreelyinandout.D．Theworld’sfirstalgaepoweredbuildingisinHamburg,Germany.E．Thewateristhenrecycledthroughthebuilding’splumbingsystem.F．Duringtheday,warmairisdrawnintothebuildingthroughtheholes.G．Thedesignshowstheconnectionbetweenpeopleandmoderncityenvironment.（2023·广东广州·统考二模）Whatmakesaworkofarchitecturegreat?Mostpeoplewouldarguethataesthetics(美感)arethemostimportant.26However,RomanarchitectMarcusVitruviusPolliobelievedthatweshouldalsoconsiderdurabilityandfunctionwhenassessingastructure.TheRostonvilleLibraryinmycityisagreatexampleofVitruvius’sprinciples.Constructedentirelyofgranite—ahardandtoughstone,thelibraryisdurable.Itcanwithstandenvironmentalpollution.Forexample,itisresistanttoacidrain.Moreover,itsgranitestructureisstablesoit’smorelikelytosurviveanearthquake.27Itusessolarenergyforheatingandarooftopgardenforcooling.28Providingfreeaccesstoprintanddigitalinformation,itconveysafeelingofopennessandaccessibility.Furthermore,theentirelibraryisononelevel,andithasanopendesign—therearenoinnerwallsordividers.Inaddition,largewindowsletinplentyofnaturallight,soit’seasytoseeandgettoeachdepartmentwithinthelibrary.Finally,thelibraryisbeautiful,withaestheticallypleasingdetailsbothinsideandout.Thelargewindowsarecopperframed(铜框的).Thecoppercolorprovidesaninterestingcontrastagainstthecolorofthegranitestructureanditwillremainasthecopperages.Growthfromtherooftopgarden,whichreachesdownthesidesofthebuilding,addstotheaestheticsofthebuilding.29Durability,functionalityandbeautymaketheRostonvilleLibraryagreatstructure.ArchitectswhofollowVitruvius’sprincipleshelptomakethecitymorepleasanttolivein.30A．Thelibraryisalsosustainable.B．Itistruethatbeautyiscritical.C．Thisisnottheonlyconcernofthearchitects.D．Thelibrarywasdesignedwithfunctionalityinmind.E．Itsoftensthelinesofthestructureandhelpsittofitintoitsnaturalsurroundings.F．Plus，thelibrarywasbuiltontheedgeofthecitypark，surroundedbynativeplants.G．Buildingsthatfulfillthesecriteriaofferbothpeaceofmindandbeautyfortheirusers.（2023·湖北·开滦第二中学校考模拟预测）4TraitstoLookforinaGreatHomeSecuritySystemWhenitestochoosingasystemtosecureyourhome,youwanttobesurethatyouaremakingthebestdecisionpossible.Therearemanydifferenthomesecuritysystemsonthemarket.31Wegivealistofthetop4traitstolookforinagreathomesecuritysystem.32Therearemanydifferentsystemsonthemarket,andnotallofthemarecreatedequal.Whenyouarelookingforahomesecuritysystem,youwanttobesurethatyouarechoosingasystemwithagoodreputation.Itneedstohave24hourmonitoring.Especiallyifyouareconstantlytraveling,usingyourhomeasavacationrental,orareatriskofamedicalemergency,itisimportantthatyourhomesecuritysystemoffers24hourmonitoring.33Itmusthavesmarthomecapabilities.Nowadays,itisnotenoughtojusthaveahomesecuritysystemthatprotectsyourproperty.34Thisway,youcancontrolallofyourdevicesfromonecentrallocationandreceivealertsifsomethinggoeswrong.Itshouldbeaffordable.Itiscertainthatyouwanttomakesurethatyoubuyasystemofhighquality.35Therearemanydifferenthomesecuritysystemsonthemarket.Besuretoparethefeaturesandbenefitsofeachsystemtofindtheonethatfitsyourbudget.A．Itshouldhaveagoodreputation.B．Sohowdoyouknowwhichoneisrightforyou?C．Butwhatshouldyoudotoprotectyourpossessions?D．Itshouldbetheonewiththehighestqualityinthemarket.E．Butyoualsowanttobesurethatthesystemyouchooseisaffordable.F．Thismeansthatevenifyouarenotathome,someonewillalwaysprotectyourhome.G．Yoursystemshouldalsobeabletobebinedwithyourothersmarthomedevices.（2023·北京·校考一模）PlayHelpsDevelopBigger,BetterBrains!Ifplayisnotsimplyawaytohavefun,forwhatotherreasonshasitdeveloped?36Earlierthisyear,SergioPellisofLethbridgeUniversity,Canada,reportedthatthereisastrongpositivelinkbetweenbrainsizeandplayfulnessamongmammalsingeneral.37Theoppositewasalsofoundtobetrue.AccordingtoJohnByersofIdahoUniversity,thetimingoftheplayfulstageinyounganimalsprovidesanimportantcluetowhat’sgoingon.Ifyouplottheamountoftimeachilddevotestoplayeachdayoverthecourseofhisdevelopment,youdiscoverapatterntypicallyassociatedwitha“sensitiveperiod”—abriefdevelopmentwindowduringwhichthebraincanactuallybeadjustedinwaysthatarenotpossibleearlierorlaterinlife.38“Peoplehavenotpaidenoughattentiontotheamountofthebrainactivatedbyplay,”saysMarcBekofffromColoradoUniversity.Bekoffstudiedcoyotepupsatplayandfoundthatthekindofbehaviorinvolvedwasobviouslymorevariableandunpredictablethanthatofadults.Healsoreasonsthatsuchbehavioractivatesmanydifferentpartsofthebrain.39“There’senormouscognitiveinvolvementinplay,”saysBekoff.Hepointsoutthatplayofteninvolvesplexassessmentsofplaymatesandtheuseofspecializedsignalsandrules.Hebelievesthatplaycreatesabrainthathasgreaterbehavioralflexibilityandimprovedpotentialforlearninglaterinlife.40A．Playjustlightseverythingup.B．Theimportanceofplayfulnessisdrawingmoreattention.C．Thelatestideasuggeststhatplayhasdevelopedtobuildbigbrains.D．Apopularexplanationisthatithelpschildrendeveloptheskillstheywilllaterneed.E．Thinkoftherelativeeasewithwhichkids—butnotbabiesoradults—absorblanguage.F．Notonlyismoreofthebraininvolvedinplay,butitalsoactivateshighercognitiveprocesses.G．paringfifteenordersofmammals,histeamfoundlargerbrainsarelinkedtogreaterplayfulness.（2021·陕西汉中·统考模拟预测）Beforeyouthrowthatoldcellphoneinthetrash,orhideitawayinadrawer,thinkagain.Thereareactuallymanywaystodealwithamobilephonethatyouarenolongerusing.First,youshouldbeawarethatinmanyplaces,throwingawaycellphonesisactuallyillegalbecausethebatteries,especiallyinveryoldphones,cancontainpoisonousmetals.41.42.Infact,mostpaniesthatrecyclethemgetpaidtodoso.Thishadledtomanycharitiesmakingasmallamountofmoneybycollectingoldphones.Therearelargeorganizationsthatwilltakeunwantedphones.However,youmightalsowanttothinklocally.Manyschoolsandlocalcharitiesnowhaverecyclingprograms.Andtheydomakealittlebitoneachdonation.43,youmightconsiderstartingasmalllocalone,perhapsforalocalpublicschool.Checkfirst,sincesomanyschoolshavegottenthejumponrecyclingthemalready.44,orsmallerandbetterphones,thereareplentyofoldcellphonesjustwaitingforaplacetoland,andsmartschoolshaveprovidedthatplace.Youmightalsowanttohangontoanyaccessories(配件)thatyouhave.45.ContinuingtouseA．Youcertainlydon’tneedtopaytorecycleanoldcellphoneB．TherearebetterplacestogetridofthemthanyourtrashcanC．ThingslikechargersorcoverscanoftenbeusedwithyournewphoneD．LocalcharitieshavecontributedalotinrepairingunwantedphonesE．AspeoplemovetobiggerandbetterphonesF．Thesayingthatoneman’strashisanotherman’streasurecertainlyappliesG．Ifyoucan’tfindalargecellphonerecyclingprograminyourarea（2023·四川·校考模拟预测）Adoptingapetisrapidlybeingthepreferredoptionformanypeoplewantingtoaddananimalpanion.It’struethatmanypeoplearehappytopartwiththousandsofdollarsforpurebred(纯种的)dogsandcats.46Homelessanimalscanmakewonderfulpets.Peopleoftenassumethatdogsandcatsendupinsheltersbecausethey’reunwantedorbadlybehaved.Therearemanyreasonsownersmayneedtorehometheirpetdivorce,hospitalization,orthetimeandmoneyneededtocareforadog.47Adultanimalshavebenefits.Sheltershaveawiderangeofpotentialpetsandtherearemanybenefitsfromadoptingamorematuredogorcat.Notstartingfromscratchhelpsavoidmuchofthecrazinessandmessassociatedwithpuppies.Theywillalreadybevaccinated,soyouwillhavefewerstartupcosts.48Ayounganimal’sbehaviourmaystillbedeveloping,whereasanolderanimal’spersonalityandbehaviourshouldbeevident,sonosurprises.49Youshouldonlyadoptadogorcatfromatrustedshelterorrescuegroup.Ethicalestablishmentswillhaveabehavioraltrainertoassessthecharacter