中国文化读写专项：中国剪纸+中国结- 高考英语常考中国文化读写专练+素材积累

Lesson7ChinesePaperCutting中国剪纸PapercuttingcanbeseeninmanypartsofChinaduringtheSpringFestival.Peoplepastepatternsonthewindow,doorlintelordesksforthefestivalatmosphere.It'sdifficulttotellwhenitoriginated.Onesayingisthatitoriginatedfromthereligiousceremonyorofferingsacrifices.Theancientpeoplecutpapersintoanimalsorpeople.Theyeitherburiedthemwiththedeadorburnedthemonthefunerals,wishingthatthingsthatpaperstandforcouldbewiththedead.Athousandyearsago,papercuttingwasusedfordecoration.Accordingtohistoricbooks,womenintheTangDynastyusedpapercutasheaddress.IntheSongDynasty,itwasthedecorationofthegifts.Peoplepastedonwindowsordoorsoruseditasdecorationsonwalls,mirrorsorlanterns.Somepeoplemadealivingbyit.

Papercuttingisallmadebyhand.Itiseasytolearnattheentrylevel.Non-craftsmenneedonlyaknifeandpaper.Forcraftsman,theyneedknivesandgraversofvarioustypestomakecomplicatedpatterns.Itcanbeonepieceofpaperormanypieces.Simplepatternscanbecutwithaknife.Forcomplicatedpatterns,peoplefirstpastedthepatternonthepaperandthenusedvariouskindsofknivestomakeit.Nomistakecanbemadeduringtheprocessotherwisetheworkwouldfail.Today,papercuttingsaremainlyusedasdecorations.Theyadornwalls,windows,doors,columns,mirrors,lampsandlanternsinhomesandarealsousedfordecorationonpresentsoraregivenaspresentsthemselves.Mymomisafanofpapercutting."Ilikepapercuttingverymuch.Duringvariousfestivals,weoftenbuysomepapercutstodecoratethehome.IthinkpapercutsareverybeautifulanddisplaystrongChinesecharacteristics."DuringtheSpringFestival,peoplecutanimals,flowersandfiguresinthepapertodecoratetheirwindowsanddoors.Thesepapercuttingsarethereforesometimescalled“windowflowers”or“picturecuts”.The“windowflowers”arecommonlyusedbyfamiliesduringfestivalsoroncelebratorydays.ThecustomofpastingwindowflowersinitiallyappearedinNorthChina.DuringfestivalssuchastheNewYear,weddings,andcelebrationsforthebirthofababy,peopleusedpapercuttingstoshowtheirpleasure,reflecttheprosperousatmosphereorbringgoodluck.Papercuttingsaremostlyred,asredrepresentsauspiciousnessinChina.Therearealsosomemorevariedandcolorfulpapercuttings,suchasthoseinHenanandGuangdongeprovinces.PapercuttingstypicallydemonstratethepreferredaestheticsofshapeandtheartisticconceptsbehindChinesefolkhandicrafts.（451words）◆Helper:lintel[ˈlɪntl]楣，过梁funeral[ˈfju:nərəl]葬礼headdress[ˈheddres]饰头巾rudiment['ru:dɪmənt]基本原理，入门Non-craftsmen非工匠graver['greɪvə]雕刻师，雕刻刀complicated[ˈkɔmplikeitid]结构复杂的adorn[ə'dɔ:n]装饰，修饰column[ˈkɔləm]圆柱figure[ˈfiɡə]图解，人物prosperous[ˈprɔspərəs]繁荣的，兴旺的auspicious[ɔ:ˈspɪʃəs]有前途的,有希望的,吉利的demonstrate[ˈdemənstreit]显示，演示aesthetic[i:sˈθetɪk]美的，美学的；审美观◆ChineseBriefIntroduction:民间剪纸是中国民间美术形式之一，有着悠久的历史。民间剪纸作为中国本源哲学的体现，在表现形式上有着全面、美化、吉祥的特征，同时民间剪纸用自己特定的表现语言，传达出传统文化的内涵和本质。剪纸是中国最为流行的民间艺术之一，根据考古，其历史可追溯到公元六

世纪，但人们认为它的实际开始时间比这还要早几百年。剪纸常用于宗教仪式，装饰和造型艺术等方面。在过去，人们经常用纸做成形态各异的物像和人像，与死者一起下葬或葬礼上燃烧，这一习俗在中国境外有时仍可见到。剪纸艺术一般都有象征意义，也是这种仪式的一部分；此外剪纸还被用作祭祀祖先和神仙所用供品的装饰物。剪纸这门艺术在北方广为流传，现在，剪纸更多的是用于装饰。剪纸可用于点缀墙壁、门窗、房柱、镜子、灯和灯笼等，也可为礼品作点缀之用，甚至剪纸本身也可作为礼物赠送他人。人们以前还常把剪纸作绣花和喷漆艺术的模型。剪纸不是用机器而是由手工做成的，常用的方法有两种：剪刀剪和刀剪。◆Exercise:I.Questions:1.Whatiscuttingpaperusedforonthefunerals?2.Whatispapercuttingmainlyusedtodecoratetoday?3.WhydidthepeopleinNorthChinapastewindowflowersduringweddings,andcelebrationsforthebirthofababy?4.Whydocraftsmenneedmoretoolsthannon-craftsmenwhencuttingpaper?II.Writtenwork1.假设你是李明，你的国外网友Eric在网上看到几幅中国剪纸(Chinesepapercut)，Eric对此很感兴趣，给你发来邮件询问有关中国剪纸的信息，请你根据下表提示给他回复邮件。ChinesePaperCutlonghistoryOver2,000yearsverypopularindifferentpartsofChina,youngorold,befondof,dowellin…differentshapesbirds,animals,flowers…WheredopeopleputChinesepapercuts?…要求：（1）文中不得出现真实的人名和校名；（2）词数：120个左右。2.（2017年新课标全国Ⅱ卷）假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸(paper-cutting)艺术展。请给他写封邮件。内容包括：1.

展览时间、地点；2.

展览内容。注意：1.

词数100左右；2.

可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Lesson8Chineseknots中国结Chineseknots,anembodimentofthecraft-workandwisdomofancientChinesecivilization,aremadebywindingredcordtoexpressblessings.Itismetaphoricallyusedtorefertoman'smultiplication.Characterizedwithcomplicatedandvariedcurves,itcanberestoredtothesimplestline.Originatingfromabasictoolofprimitivesociety,itisfullofgracefulappeal.Nowadayspeopleexpresstheirblessingsinmodernways,sendingtheirregardsthroughphonecallsoremailsorpresentingflowersasgifts.ThehandmadeartofChineseknotsaddtea'saromatothe"coffeelife"ofmodernpeople.OriginAsfarbackasremoteancienttimes,knots,astheformercharacters,wereusedbytheChineseancestorsasasymbolofacontractorhistoricalevent.Therefore,itwashighlyrespectedbytheancients.However,duringthelongcourseofhistory,variousmaterialswereusedtokeeprecords,suchasstrings,tortoiseshellsoranimalbones,penandpaper,leadandfire,aswellaslightandelectricity.Now,oneisabletoobtaininformationatasimpletaponthekeysofalaptop.Thetinyknots,nolongerusedasatooltokeeprecords,haverevivedmanybeautifulage-oldlegends.HistoryandApplicationsTheChineseknot,alsocalledpanchangjie(windinglongknot),beganintheTangandSongdynastiesasanornamentalart.DuringtheMingandQingdynasties,thegoldeneraofhandicraftart,peoplestartedtonamethevariousknots,givingthemrichmeaning.Forexample,asquareknotexpressedpeacefulnessandtheruyi(good-fortune)knot,auspiciousness.AncientTimes:DressesandPersonalAdornmentsWithnobuttonsorzippers,theearliestChinesedresseswerefastenedwithknots.Takingawholeviewofthe5,000-yearhistoryofChinesedressesandpersonaladornments,onewondersatthewideapplicationsofChineseknotsduringthedynasticperiods,suchascoloredsilkribbonsoftheZhouDynasty(11thcenturyBC-256BC),concentricknotsoftheNorthernandSouthernDynasties(420-589),jade-ringribbonsoftheSongDynasty(960-1279),andthewound-knotbuttonsoftheMing(1368-1644)andQing(1644-1911)dynasties.Chinesepeoplelikedtowearjadeornamentsinancienttimes,whichweretiedtotheirclothesbystringsthroughtheroundholeinthemiddle.

CulturalContentsAsalong-standingculturalproduct,theChineseknotiscombinedwiththeChineseculture.Ancientpoetscomparedtheknottothevariedandcolorfulhumanemotions,especiallythesentimentallovebetweenyoungmenandwomen.IntheChineselanguage,thewordjie(knot)isconnectedwithmanyaffairsofcentrality,likejieyi(tobecomeswornbrothersorsisters),jiemeng(toformanalliance),andtuanjie(tounite).Itisusedtorefertotheimportantmatterslikemarriage,suchasjieqin(togetmarried),jiefa(tobecomehusbandandwifebythefirstmarriage),jiehun(tomarry)andjiehe(tobeunitedinmarriage).

Jiealsoindicatestheendorresultofsomething,likejieguo(resultoroutcome),jieshu(toendorcomplete),andjieju(finalresult).Concentricknotshavebeenusedbyloversasthesymbolsoftheirlovesinceancienttimes.SomeChineseknotsareusedtoavoidevilsanddisasters,suchaspanchangjie(windinglongknot)andshuangqianjie(double-coinknot),withastrongreligiousairrepresentingtheancients'culturalbeliefsandwishestorunafterthetrue,thegoodandthebeautiful.Thepanchangjieonaweddinginvitationcardimplieslifelonglove.Theruyiknotonajadependantexpressesagoodwishthatonewouldbesuccessfulineverythingoneundertakes.Thefalunjie(knotofthewheelofthelaw)onthehandleofaswordimpliesgivingupevilsandfosteringhealthytrends.Chineseknotsarealsousedinsometraditionalcustomstoexpressauspiciousness.Forexample,onthelunarNewYear'sEve,theelderstypicallygivemoney—100coinsstrungonaredsilkrope—toeachoftheirchildrentowishhimorheralonglife.DuringtheDragonBoatFestival(5thdayofthe5thlunarmonth),theelders,towardoffevils,hangropeswovenofcolorfulsilkthreads,called"long-lifethreads,"aroundthechildren’snecks.（682words）◆Helper:wind缠绕,卷绕blessing['blesiŋ]祝福metaphorically[ˌmetə'fɒriklɪ]比喻地multiplication[ˌmʌltəplɪˈkeiʃən]增加，增殖curve[kə:v]曲线,弯曲物restore[riˈstɔ:]交还,使恢复aroma[ə'rəʊmə]芳香contract[kənˈtrækt]契约,婚约revive[riˈvaiv]使复活，使重新流行,唤醒ornamental[ˌɔ:nəˈmentl]装饰用的auspiciousness[ɔ:ˈspiʃəs]有前途的,吉利的concentric[kənˈsentrik]同一个中心的sentimental[ˌsentɪ'mentl]伤感的,多愁善感的centrality[sen'træləti]中心,向心性pendant[ˈpendənt]（装在项链等上的）垂饰，坠儿◆ChineseBriefIntroduction:中国结是由旧石器时代的缝衣打结，推展至汉朝的仪礼记事，再演变成今日的装饰手艺。周朝人随身的佩戴玉常以中国结为装饰，延续至清朝中国结真正成为流传于民间的艺术。当代多用来室内装饰、亲友间的馈赠礼物及个人的随身饰物。中国结从头到尾都是用一根丝线编结而成，每一个基本结又根据其形、意命名。把不同的结饰互相结合在一起，或用其它具有吉祥图案的饰物搭配组合，就形成了造型独特、绚丽多彩、寓意深刻、内涵丰富的中国传统吉祥装饰物品，如盘长结、双钱结等，体现了我国古代的文化信仰及浓郁的宗教色彩，体现着人们追求真、善、美的良好的愿望。在新婚的帖钩上，装饰一个“盘长结”，寓意一对相爱的人永远相随相依，永不分离。在佩玉上装饰一个“如意结”，引申为称心如意，万事如意。在扇子上装饰一个“吉祥结”，代表大吉大利，吉人天相，祥瑞、美好。在剑柄上装饰一个“法轮结”，有如轮黑心行，弃恶扬善之意。“结”被先民们赋予了“契”和“约”的法律表意功能，同时还有记载历史事件的作用，由史料看，绳结确实曾被用作辅助记忆的工具，也可说是文字的前身，“结”因此备受人们的尊重。“结”字也是一个表示力量、和谐，充满情感的字眼，无论是结合、结交、结缘、团结、结果，还是结发夫妻，永结同心，“结”给人都是一种团圆、亲密、温馨的美感“结”与“吉”谐音，“吉”有着丰富多彩的内容，福、禄、寿、喜、财、安、康无一不属于吉的范畴。斗转星移，数千年弹指一挥间，人类的记事方式已经历了绳结与甲骨、笔与纸、铅与火、光与电的洗礼。如今，在笔记本电脑的方寸之间，轻触键盘，上下五千年的历史就可以尽在眼前。小小彩绳早已不是人们记事的工具，但当它被打成各式绳结时，却复活了一个个古老而美丽的传说。◆Exercise:I.Questions:1.WhydowesayChineseancestorsuseChineseknotsasformerChinesecharacters?2.PleaseexplainthefollowingjiephrasesinEnglish?团结，结亲，结义，结拜，结果，结束，结发，结合，结局3.Whatdoesitmeanthattheeldersgive100coinsstrungonaredsilkropetoeachoftheirchildrenonthelunarNewYear'sEve?4.Whendidthewound-knotbuttonscomeintouse?II.Writtenwork（2013高考全国卷)假定你是李华，自制一些中国结（Chineseknot）。给开网店的美国朋友Tom写封信，请他代卖，要点包括：1.外观（尺寸、颜色、材料）2.象征意义3.价格注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。III.Proofreading假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。DearMsJenkins,I’mLiHua,aSenior3studentfromNo.5SecondarySchool.IwouldliketooffermyapologyforunabletoteachyoutomakeChineseknotthisSaturday.ThereasonisthatIhavegotacold,butthedoctorsuggeststhatImustlieinbedforoneweekorso.Butdon’tworry.Ihadaskedafriendofmine,HanMeimei,togohereinstead.HeisveryexperiencedinmakingChineseknots.Shewilldroponatyourapartmentat9:00thisSaturdaymorning.Pleaseallowingmetosaysorryagain.IhavetheconfidencewhatyoucanlearnhowtomakeChineseknots.Wishyouagoodtime!Yours,LiHuaSUGGESTEDANSWERS7.ChinesePaperCuttingII.Writtenwork1.DearEric,YouwantedtoknowaboutChinesepapercut.HereI’mgladtotellyousomethingaboutit.Chinesepapercuthasalonghistoryofover2,000years.ItcanbeseenindifferentpartsofChina.Manypeople,nomatteryoungorold,arefondofit.PeopleinnorthernpartofChinadowellinmakingpapercuts.Peoplecutpaperintodifferentshapes,likebirds,animals,flowersandsoon.IthinkChinesepapercutsarenotonlybeautifulbutalsoveryuseful.Peopleusuallyputthemondoorsorwindowswhentheycelebratesomethinghappy,especiallyfortheSpringFestival.Moreandmorepeopleareinterestedinit.Ihopeyou’llcometoChinatoseemoreChinesepapercutsoneday.Bestwishes.YoursLiMing2.DearHenryI'mLiHua,theleaderofthepaper-cuttingclubinourschool.LasttimeyoutoldmeyoulookedforwardtolearningmoreabouttraditionalChineseculture.NowI'mgladtotellyoutherewillbeaChinesepaper-cuttingexhibitionheldbyourschool.Isincerelyhopeyoucansetasidesometimefor