现代大学英语听力3Unit-5-

现代大学英语听力3Unit-5-Newwordsintravenous

[,intrə'vi:nəs]Adj.静脉内的,进入静脉的complacent

自满的;得意的;洋洋自得layperson[‘leipə:sən]

n.外行[复数laypeople]alaymanorlaywomanliability英

[laɪə'bɪlɪtɪ]

美

['laɪə'bɪləti]

n.责任；债务；倾向；可能性；不利因Limiteddliabilitycompany

limited-liabilitysystem

有限责任制度petridish

有盖培养皿prone英

[prəʊn]

美

[pron]

adj.俯卧的；有…倾向的，易于…的n.(Prone)(意、法)普罗内proneposition

卧姿;俯卧位;俯卧姿势;Scandalprone

;负面消息多Goprone

趴下Newwordsvillain英

['vɪlən]

美

['vɪlən]

n.坏人，恶棍；戏剧、小说中的反派角色；顽童；罪犯perceptive英

[pə'septɪv]

美

[pɚ'sɛptɪv]

adj.感知的，知觉的；有知觉力的visualperception

视知觉;

Timeperception

时间知觉quotient英

['kwəʊʃ(ə)nt]

美

['kwoʃnt]

n.[数]商；系数；份额intelligencequotient(iq)

智商emotionquotient(EQ)

情商takeinstride淡然处之,从容处理allergy英

['ælədʒɪ]

美

['ælɚdʒi]

n.过敏症；反感；厌恶[复数allergies]Foodallergy

[内科]

食物过敏Milkallergy

乳过敏;牛奶变应性Waterallergy

水过敏症;对水过敏adj.allergic

对…过敏的；对…极讨厌的allergenic

引起过敏症的n.allergen

[医]过敏原allergist

过敏症专科医师Newwordsanaphylactic英

[,ænəfɪ'læktɪk]

美

adj.过敏的；[医]过敏性的；导致过敏的n.anaphylaxis

[医]过敏性；[医]过敏性反应Cases

of

human

death

have

been

dueto

anaphylactic

shock.

导致人类死亡的，是由于过敏性休克。measles

['mi:zlz]n.[复数，用作单数或复数]【医学】麻疹；麻疹斑【医学】风疹(=Germanmeasles)venom英

[‘venəm]

美

[’vɛnəm]

n.毒液；恶意vt.使有毒；放毒snakevenom

蛇毒VenomSpider

毒蜘蛛;蜘蛛毒Open-endedquestionsHowoftendoyoudoaphysicalexamination?Andyourparents?Inyourmind,whataregoodwaystokeephealthy?Doyouthinkyouareanemotionalperson?Why?MedicalandHealthWorkQs:1.HowmanywaysdoyouknowaboutAIDSinfection?Sex,bloodandheredity.2.Howtopreventyoufromsomeepidemicdisease?Washhandsfrequently,eatsafely,keephousecleanandairy,trytobeawayfromcrowd,regularphysicalexerciseisnecessary.SomewordsabouthealthHealthphysique

fitness形容词：healthysoundfitwholesomeingoodhealth

asrightasrain（俚语）相当健康

goodhealth很健康；healthy健康的begoodfor;对······有益的beonadiet;节食keepfit保持身材loseweight减肥GainweightTask1:WordtipsAIDS=acquiredimmunedeficiencysyndromeHIV=humanimmunodeficiencyvirus艾滋病毒vulnerable:adj.,itiseasytobehurt【原文】AnewreportbytheUNAIDSorganizationsfindstheglobalAIDSepidemicisworsening.TheagencysaysmorepeopleinallregionsaroundtheworldarebecominginfectedwithHIV,theviruswhichcausesAIDS.UNAIDSreportsthatsignificantprogresshasbeenmadeinprovidingtreatmentforlargernumbersofAIDSvictimsandinachievinggreaterpoliticalandfinancialcommitmentsinthefightagainstthefataldisease.Despitethis,thereportsaysnoneoftheseeffortshasbeenenoughtopreventthespreadofHIV/AIDS.Lastyear,thereportnotesfivemillionpeoplebecamenewlyinfectedwithHIV.Thatismorepeoplethananypreviousyear.Currently,itsays,morethan38millionpeoplearelivingwiththedisease.UNAIDSSeniorAdviserKarenStaneckisaysAsia,with60percentoftheworld'spopulation,ishometosomeofthefastestgrowingepidemicsintheworld.In2003alone,shesays,morethanonemillionpeoplebecameinfectedwithHIV. “Equallyalarming,wehaveonlyjustbeguntowitnessthefullimpactofAIDSonAfricansocietiesasinfectionscontinuetogrowandpeoplearedyinginlargenumbers.ThescaleoftheprobleminAfricaiswelldocumented,withover25millioninfections.Ifwedon’tactnow,60percentoftoday’s15-year-oldswillnotreachtheir60thbirthday.” ThereportsaystheCaribbeanisthehardesthitregionintheworldafterAfrica.ItalsofindstheHIV/AIDSepidemiciscontinuingtoexpandinEasternEuropeandCentralAsia,mainlyduetointravenousdrugusers.UNAIDSsaysinfectionsalsoareontheriseintheUnitedStatesandWesternEurope.Itblamesthislargelyonthewidespreadavailabilityofanti-AIDSdrags,whichitsayshasmadesomepeopleinthesewealthycountriescomplacent.UNAIDSDirectorofMonitoringandEvaluation,PaulDeLay,acknowledgesthataroundtheworldpreventionprogramsarereachingfewerthanoneinfivepeoplewhoneedthem.Nevertheless,hesaystherehasbeenadramaticincreaseinpreventionactivitiesforyoungpeopleandseveralothersuccessesaswell."InAfrica,forinstance,60percentofchildrenhaveaccesstoAIDSeducationbothinprimaryandsecondaryschools.Thatisahugeincreasefromthelate1990s.Inhighlyvulnerablegroupslikesexworkers,weareseeingarealsuccessstoryinAfrica.32percentofsexworkersthatareidentifiedhaveaccesstoHIVpreventionandthereisalargeincreaseincondomuseinthispopulation."ThereportsaysglobalspendingonAIDShasincreasedgreatly,but,moreisneeded.Itestimates$12billionwillbeneededbynextyear,and$20billionby2007,forpreventionandcareindevelopingcountries.TheUnitedNationssaysAIDSfundinghasincreasedsharplyinrecentyears,inpartduetotheUSgovernment'sglobalAIDSinitiative.Butitsaysstillgloballylessthanhalfthemoneyneededisbeingprovided.AnswerstothisA:morethan38million.Ms.StaneckiisanUNAIDSSenior,shesaysthatsomeofthefastestgrowingepidemiccanbefoundinAsia.Intravenousdruguse.Anti-AIDSdrugsarewidelyavailablethere.ThishasmadesomepeoplepaylessattentiontothedangerofbecominginfectedwithHIV.AnswerstoB:FFFTC:worsening,fivemillion,Africa,25million,onemillion,politicalandfinancial,haveaccess,oneinfive,morethanhalfTask2Wordtips:givetheprospectof,villain(反面人物),layperson（外行）,variation（变化，变种）,inliabilityto（有责任……）,gothroughthelife,aremoreproneto(easiertodo…),immutable(fixed,cannotbechanged),inevitably(cannotbeavoided),Petridish(皮式培养皿)【原文】MaryGearin:Welcometothelab.Likeitornot,we'reallinthePetridishnowasmorescientiststhaneverlookforthecauseofourhabitslyinghiddeninourgenes.Dr.Whitfield:TheadvancesinDNAtechnologymeanthattechniquescanbeappliedtothistypeofresearchwhichweren'tpossiblebeforeandwhichgivetheprospectofwhatyoumightcallanexplosioninoutcomesinactualfindingsthatwecanuse.MaryGearin:It'sadetectivestorywithanunknownnumberofvillains.Wehaven'testablishedhowmanyofour40,000genesmayleaveusmorelikelytobeaddicted,butsomescientistsdobelievethey'veconfirmedalayperson'sprinciple—thatwe'reabouthalfnature,halfnurture.Dr.Whitfield:Theconclusionatthemomentisthatgeneticsaccountsforabouthalfthevariationinliabilitytoanumberofkindsofaddictionandthatenvironmentalinfluences,orjusttherandomthingsthathappentousaswegothroughlife,accountfortheotherhalf.MaryGearin:Ofcourse,geneswon'tdeterminewhowillorwon'tbecomeanaddict,onlythosewhoaremorepronetobecomingone.Listentoareformedsmokerandaleadingresearcherinthefield,WayneHall.WayneHall:Ithinkwereallydohaveataskinfrontofustoeducatepeoplethat“genetic”doesn’tmeanfixed,immutable,unchangeable,fated.Itstillleavesplentyofroomforhumandecision,choiceandcapacitytoinfluenceandchangebehaviour.MaryGearin:WayneHallispushingforregulationstodealwiththeethicalimplicationsthathaveinevitablysurfaced.WayneHall:Ifwewereabletoidentifypeopleinadvanceasbeingathighriskbecausetheypossessedasetofgenes,thenthatmighthaveadverseeffectsonthemintermsofthewayothersintheirsocialenvironmenttreatthem.Itmighthaveeffectsifinsurancecompaniestakeaccountofthatinformationoremployersandsoon.MaryGearin:Butwouldaddictstakeanymoreresponsibilityfortheirownactions?Ourdistinctlyunscientificsleofsmokerstoldus:notreally.Ifatestcameout,wouldyouhaveyourselftestedtoseeifyouhadthatgene?Julie:Honestly,probablynot.MaryGearin:Wouldyouwantyourkidstotakethattesttoperhapswarethemoffsmokingiftheyhadthatgeneaswell?JohnMackay:OnlyiftheybecomeproblemsmokersI'dprobablysuggestit,yeah.OtherwiseIwouldn'tworryaboutit.AnswerstothisA:40,000;addicted;nature;nurturewon’t;addict;pronegenetic;fixed,fatedregulations;implicationsB:1)a;2)b;3)aC:Humangenesareallunderclosestudyinlaboratories.Itimpliesthatinsurancecompaniesoremployersmighttakeadvantagesanddiscriminateagainstthosewhohavebeenidentifiedasbeingathighrisk.Task3Wordtipsintrapersonalrelationship,setback,frustration,going,enthusiastic,dwellonfailures(总想着失败)，takelifeinstride(大步前进),seenoreasontochange,【原文】ClaireNolan:Hi.ThisisClaireNolan.BillRodney:AnyI’mBillRodney.Todaywe’llbediscussingEQ—notIQ.EQ:emotionalintelligence.We'vebeenhearingalotaboutEQlately,andinfactyoumighthaveseenDanielGoleman'sbest-sellingbookaboutitinthebookstore.Youremotionalintelligencequotientseemstoincludebothintra-andinterpersonalrelationships—inotherwords,howwellyouhandleyourownemotions,andhowwellyourespondtoothers.ClaireNolan:Yes,butBill,that'snotexactlyanewidea,isit?Imean—Iknowalotofoldproverbsaboutthinkingbeforeyouact,andthatkindofthing.BillRodney:That'strue,butthetermitselfisanewone,anditshowsthatpeoplehaverealized,thewayyoucontrolyourfeelingsisjustasimportantasyoureducation—maybeevenmoreimportant.Butwhat'sreallyinterestingandthefocusoftoday'ssessionis:CanyoulearnEQ?We'llbetalkingtothreepeopletoday—alleducators,intheirownway—togettheirperspectiveonit.OurfirstguestisBettyCortina.Betty,you'reanelementaryschoolteacher.DoyoureallythinkthatsomekidshavehigherEQ'sthanothers?BettyCortina:Ohsure!Evenatfiveorsixyearsold,someofthekidstendtobemuchmorepatientandeasy-goingthanothers.Andthenothersarepronetoshoutandmakeabigfuss.Imean,Idon'twanttomakeitsoundasifit'sbadtobespirited,oranything,butifyoucan'tcontrolyouremotions,evenatthatage,youcanhavealotofproblems.BillRodney:Likewhat?BettyCortina:Well,ifyoucan'tdealwithsetbacks,youdon'tmakeprogress;andifyou'realwaysimpatient,yourpeersdon'tlikeyou.BillRodney:Canyougiveusanexle?BettyCorrina:Sure.Oneexleishowkidsdealwithfrustration.Imagineachildwhoishavingtroubledoingamathproblem.Shegetsfrustratedwiththeproblem,throwsherpencildown,yellsangrily,"Thisisastupidproblem!Ihateit!"Anotherchild,withahigherEQ,mightbeabletohandlethesituationbetter.Shemighttrydifferentwaystoapproachtheproblem,oraskforhelp,andsoon.Andshewillbemoresuccessfulbecauseshewon'tlethernegativefeelingsgetinthewayofhertask.BillRodney:IguessIcanunderstandthat,butmyquestionis:CanyoulearntohaveahigherEQ?Let’ssee,ournextguestisJimMcDonald.Doyouwanttorespondtothatquestion?JimMcDonald:Yes.Well,asyouknow,Irunmanagementtrainingprogramsforabankhereinthecity,andIagreethisEQideaisdefinitelyimportant.Let’sfaceit:Whenthegoinggetstough,it’smuchbetterforanemployeetohaveapositive,enthusiasticattitudethantodwellonfailures.ButwhatIfindisthatsomepeoplejusttakelifeinstrideandotherpeopledon't.Imean,ofcourseyoucanpointthemintherightdirection—that'swhatItrytodoinmyseminars—butsomepeopleneverlearntoimprovetheirEQ.BettyCortina:No,Idisagree.Kidscanbetaughttohavepatienceandnottogiveupwhenthingsgowrong.Theylearntorespondwelltotheiremotions.Theylearnhowtositstillandlisten,andhowtorespectothers.AndIdon'tbelievewearebornwithahighemotionalintelligencequotient.Ithinkwehavetolearnthoseskills.JimMcDonald:Okay,somaybeyoucanteachchildren,butfrankly,Idon'tseehowadultscaneverchange.Imean,Iworkwithalotofmanagers,andthegoodonesaresharp,perceptivepeoplewhorespondwelltochange.Idon'tthinktheotherscanlearnthat.BillRodney:Whynot?JimMcDonald:Well,partoftheproblemisthatpeoplewithalowEQhaveadifficulttimeseeinghowtheirbehavioraffectsotherpeople.Theyseenoreasontochange.Theirbehaviorhasnegativeeffects—forthemselvesandforothers—buttheydon'tseeitthatway.Theytendtoblameotherpeoplefortheproblemstheyarehaving.Peoplelikethisjustdon’tworkwellwithotherpeople.I’dsaytheyhavealowerEQandthey’llprobablyneveradjusttheirbehavior.AnswerstothisA:Itincludesintra-andinterpersonalrelationships.Or:itincludesqualitiesorskillssuchasunderstandingone’sownemotionsandrelatingwelltootherpeople.ItfocusesonwhetherEQcanbelearnt.Becauseinabilitytodealwithsetbackswillpreventyoufrommakingprogress.Ifyouarealwaysimpatient,yourpeersdon’tlikeyou.Managementtrainingexecutive.AnswerstoB:“√”are2,3,5,7,9,10,12,13C:elementaryschoolteacher;frustrations;peers;taught,learnthighEQ,adults;children【原文】TodayIthinkwearereadytostarttalkingaboutallergies,andaboutallergicreactions.Inthefirstpartofmylecture,I'mgoingtoexplainwhatanallergicreactionis.ThenIwilltrytodescribewhatanallergicreactiontoabeestingislike.Inthesecondpartofmylecture,I'mgoingtotalkaboutallergytestingandallergyshots.I'llexplainonewaythetestingisdone.I'llalsotellyouhowandwhyallergyshotsaregiven.That'salottocover,solet'sbegin.Whatisanallergicreaction?Well,anallergicreactionisreallyanactionoftheimmunesysteminthebody—anactionoftheimmunesysteminyourbody.Theimmunesystem'sjobistoprotectyou,tomakeantibodiestoprotectyoufromthingsthataredangeroustoyourhealth.Inanallergicreaction,however,yourbodymakesantibodiestosomethingthatisn'treallyaproblemforthebody—thatis,it'snotusuallyaproblemforsomeonewithoutanallergy.Forexle,milkandcats’hairanddustareusuallynotdangeroustohumans.But,forsomereason,yourbodymightproduceantibodiestomilkortocats'hairortodust.Yourbodyistryingtoprotectyoufromthesethings.Whentheimmunesystemdoesthis,itis,inasense,workingtoohard.Theresultisafight.Thefightisbetweenyourantibodiesandthemilkyoudrankorthecathairorthedustyoubreathedin.Youknowyourbodyishavingafightbecauseyousneeze,oryouhavered,itchyeyesandarunnynose,oryoufeeltired,oryoumayhavedifficultybreathing.Thesearesomeofthecommonsignsofanallergy.Nowlet'sturnourattentiontoonespecificallergicreaction.Let'slookatwhathappenswithabeesting.Anyonewhogetsabeestingwillhavesomereaction.Anormalreactionispainandswellingandrednesswherethestingis.Thistypeofreactionisalsocalledalocalreactionbecausethereactionisonlyinthelocation,theplace,wherethestingis.Incontrast,anallergicreactiontoabeestingisamuchstrongerreaction.Itisageneralreactionthataffectsthewholebody.Thisgeneralreactioniscalledananaphylacticreaction,a-n-a-p-h-y-l-a-c-t-i-c.Thisisshowninthefigureonpage76,sotakealookatthefigure.Inthiskindofreaction,severalthingshappen.Thereispainandswelling,butitisalloverthebody,notjustwherethestingis.Theperson'slegs,arms,feet,andfaceusuallyitchandturnred.Itoftenbecomesdifficultforthepersontobreathe.Thepersoncanalsobecomeweakandconfused.Thebloodpressuremaydrop.Forsomepeople,thesereactionsmaycontinueforhoursunlesssomemedicineisgiven.Infact,thepersoncandieifheorsheisn'tgivenmedicinetostopthereaction.Task6【答案】A.1)c)2)b)B.veracts,immunesystem,reaction,thesting,bloodpressure,breathe,medicineC.A.immunesystem,B.red,itchyeyes,runnynose,difficultbreathingC.1.Normal2.Allergic【原文】Now,ifyouareallergictosomething,it'simportanttoknowhowtopreventthesereactions.Onequestionis:Howdopeopleknowiftheyareallergictosomething,say,iftheyareallergictobeestings?Onewaytofindoutistohaveanallergytest.Onetypeoftestisaskintest.Todothetest,thedoctorinjectsasmallamountofthevenom,thepoisonfromthebee,undertheskin.Youcanseethisinthelefthandfigureonpage77.Then,thedoctorwatchescloselytoseewhathappens.Thedoctorpaysattentiontotwothings:thecoloroftheskinandthesizeofthebumpontheskin.Thisisshownintherighthandfigureonthesamepage.Iftheskinreactsstrongly—inotherwords,ifthebumpisbigandveryred—thismeansthepersonisveryallergic.Iftheskinonlychangesalittle,thepersonisonlyslightlyallergic.Iftheskindoesn'tchange,thisusuallymeansthepersonisn'tallergic.Ifthedoctorfindsoutthepersonisallergictobees,orbeestings,allergyshotsareoftenrecommended.Intheallergyshots,thedoctorusesasmallamountofbeevenom.Thedoctordoesthistomakethepersonlesssensitivetothevenom,inotherwords,tobuilduptheperson'simmunitytothevenom.Thisissimilartowhatdoctorsdowhentheygivechildrenshotsagainstchildhooddiseaseslikemeasles.Eachvisit,thedoctorincreasestheamountofvenomintheshot.Thedoctorstartsoffwithaverysmallamountofvenomandusesslightlymoreeachtime.Increasingtheamountbuildsupimmunitytothevenom.Thisimm