北师大版高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT1 Section Ⅰ TOPIC TALK Lesson1学案

1．Mutualforgivenessofeachvice，sucharethegatesofParadise.—WilliamBlack相互宽容对方的缺点，乃是通向天堂之门。——威廉·布莱克2．Betrayingatrustisaveryquickandpainfulwaytoterminateafriendship.—RalphWaldoEmerson背信弃义会迅速而痛苦地断送友谊。——拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生3．Hethatwillnotallowhisfriendtosharetheprizemustnotexpecthimtosharethedanger.—Aesop不肯让朋友共享果实的人，不要指望朋友与他共患难。——伊索4．Beginningtoday，treateveryoneyoumeetasiftheyweregoingtobedeadbymidnight.Extendthemallthecare，kindnessandunderstandingyoucanmuster.Yourlifewillneverbethesameagain.—OgMandino从今天开始，对待每个人就好像他们在今天午夜之前就将离开人世。把你所有的关爱、善良和理解都赋予他们。你的生活从此将会不一样。——奥格·曼狄诺Thesecondgoalthatweallhaveincommonistoenjoyexcellentrelationships—intimate，personalorsocial—withthepeoplewelikeandrespect，andwholike，loveandrespectusinturn.Fully85%ofyourhappinesswillbedeterminedbythequalityofyourrelationshipsateachstage，andineacharea，ofyourlife.Howwellwegetalongwithpeople，andhowmuchtheylike，loveandrespectyou，havemoreimpactonthequalityofyourlifethanperhapsanyotherfactor.Sure，it'sgoodtogetalongwithyourteacherbecauseitmakesthetimeyouspendintheclassroommorepleasant.Andyes，it'sgoodtogetalongwithyourteacherbecause，ingeneral，it'ssmarttolearnhowtorelatetothedifferenttypesofpeopleyou'llmeetthroughoutyourlife.Infact，kidswhogetalongwiththeirteachersnotonlylearnmore，butthey'remorecomfortableaskingquestionsandgettingextrahelp.Thismakesiteasiertounderstandnewmaterialanddoyourbestontests.Asakidinaprimaryormiddleschool，you'reatawonderfulstageinyourlife.You'relikeasponge(海绵)，abletosoakuplotsofnewandexcitinginformation.Ontopofthat，you'reabletothinkaboutallthisinformationinnewways.Somekidsmaybeabletolearninanysituation，whethertheyliketheteacherornot.Butmostkidsaresensitivetothewaytheygetalongwiththeteacher，andifthingsaren'tgoingwell，theywon'tlearnaswellandwon'tenjoybeinginclass.[探究发现]1．Whatarethebenefitsifkidsgetalongwellwiththeirteachers?Theycanlearnmoreandaskquestionsandgetextrahelpmorecomfortably.2．Whydoesthewritercompareakidtoasponge?Becauseakidcansoakuplotsofnewandexcitinginformation.3．Whatdoesthepassagetalkabout?Theimportanceofagoodrelationshipwithteachers.SectionⅠTOPICTALK&LESSON1Ⅰ.匹配词义A．单词匹配()1.trait A．n.侄女，外甥女()2.niece B．n.特性，品质()3.nephew C．adj.havingorshowingstrongfeelingsof enthusiasmforsth.orbeliefinsth.()4.passionate D．adj.中等教育；中级的；次要的()5.secondary E．n.侄子，外甥()6.flu F．adj.concernedwithemotionsandfeelings()7.emotional G．n.流行性感冒，流感()8.angle H．n.氢()9.hydrogen I．n.教育(学)家()10.educationalist J．n.thespacebetweentwolinesorsurfaces thatjoin，measuredindegrees[答案]1—5BAECD6—10GFJHIB．短语匹配()1.forthefirsttime A．一些，几个；一双，一对()2.pourinto B．过去经常，曾经()3.acoupleof C．初次；第一次()4.usedto D．投入(倒)……于某物[答案]1—4CDABⅡ.默写单词1．humourn. 幽默感2．outgoingadj. 外向的，好交际的3．hostvt. 主办；做……的东道主n. 主人；主持人4．incredibleadj. 难以置信的；极好的5．occasionallyadv. 偶尔；偶然6．gratefuladj. 感激的，感谢的7．practicaladj. 实际的；实践的；切实可行的8．pourvt. 灌，注，倒9．lackvt. 缺乏10．accessn. 进入；接触的机会11．worthwhileadj. 值得做的；重要的；有益的Ⅰ.语境填词lack；angle；access；humour；drags；hosted；worthwhile；outgoing；poured；grateful1．Hewasamanoffewwordswithadelightfuldrysenseofhumour．2．Someexpertsmadeatriptothecitylastyearanditwasworthwhile．3．Youneedapasswordtogetaccesstothecomputersystem.4．Hedragshisleg，andhecanhardlylifthisarm.5．Thesepeoplelackallunderstandingofscientificprinciples.6．HewentandpouredabrandyforDenaandbroughtittoher.7．Iamextremelygratefultoalltheteachersfortheirhelp.8．Weattendedadinnerpartyhostedbythepresidentofthecompany.9．IamanoutgoingpersonandIlovetomakefriendswithotherpeople.10．Theboatisnowleaningata30degreeangle．Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．TheBritishteacherisveryhumorous(humour)andalwaystellsusjokes.2．Iadmireapersonwhoishonest，creativeandpassionate(passion)．3．Heusedhisincredible(credible)senseofhumourtoliftmyspirits.4．Ilikeplayingfootballbest，butoccasionally(occasional)Iplaytabletennis，too.5．Theyoftenseemdepressedandclosetoemotional(emotion)breakdown.6．Myhusbandisextremely(extreme)long-sightedwhileIamveryshort-sighted.7．Therearesomeobviouspractical(practice)applicationsoftheresearch.8．Hisbehaviour(behave)towardsherwasbecomingmoreandmoreaggressive.9．Theremotedesertareaisaccessible(access)onlybyhelicopter.10．IalwaysaskhowmuchtimeIhavetomakemypresentation(present)．1．Ihadnoideawhathydrogenwas，andIdidn'treallywanttoknow，either!我不知道氢是什么，我也不想知道！2．IknowthatIwasn'tawillingstudent，butIwasn'tslowtolearnnewthings.我知道我不是一个主动学习的学生，但我在学习新事物方面并不迟钝。3．OnceIcaughthimandhisfriendsseeingwhocouldjumpthefarthestofftheschoolstage!有一次我撞见他和几个朋友比赛，看谁能从学校的舞台上跳得最远。4．Thefirstdayhewalkedintomyclass，hewasdragginghisschoolbagbehindhimandlookingbored，butassoonasIsetupanexperimenttoshowhowthehumanstomachworksusingacidandanonion，hegavemehisfullattention.他第一天走进我的教室时，拖着书包，看起来很无聊。但当我用酸和洋葱做了一个实验来演示人类胃的工作原理时，他全神贯注地听我讲课。5．IfwhatIdoasateachercanhelpturnachildlikeGrahamintosuchasuccessfuladult，thenIknowwhatI'mdoingisworthwhile.如果我作为一名教师所做的能够帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成为一个成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的是值得的。课文助读①thinkabout回想起，记起②begoodat擅长③theanglesofatriangle三角形的内角④addupto总共是⑤becomeinterestedin对……感兴趣⑥forthefirsttime第一次⑦(be)fullof充满⑧havenoidea不知道⑨hydrogenn．氢⑩soboring如此无聊⑪makeeverythinginteresting让一切都变得有趣⑫usedto过去经常，曾经⑬withlotsofpracticalexamples用大量的实例⑭insimplelanguage用简单的语言⑮buildarocket制造一个火箭⑯poursomefuelinto往……倒一些燃料⑰lightamatch划火柴⑱setoff点燃；燃放⑲awillingstudent主动学习的学生⑳lackconfidenceinoneself缺乏自信㉑havemyownstrengths有自己的优势㉒starsandplanets恒星和行星㉓giveapresentationto给……做报告㉔explainscienceto向……解释科学㉕ifonly...要是……该多好㉖askforone'sopinion征求某人的意见㉗acoupleof一双，一对；几个人，几件事物㉘usedtoteachhim曾经教过他㉙badbehaviour不良行为㉚catchsb.doing...看到某人正在做某事㉛getinterested感兴趣㉜dragone'sschoolbag拖着某人的书包㉝lookbored看起来很无聊㉞setupanexperiment做实验㉟useacidandanonion用酸和洋葱㊱doverywellin……做得很好㊲aswellas和……一样好㊳nosuchthingas没有像……这样的东西㊴findout发现㊵makefriendswithallourstudents和我们所有的学生交朋友㊶makesure确保㊷thepathtosuccess成功之路㊸inlaterlife在以后的生活中㊹ajobwithalotofstress一份压力很大的工作㊺haveaccesstochildren'sminds走进孩子们的心灵㊻beeagertodosth.渴望做某事㊼o使……变成㊽worthwhileadj.值得做的；重要的；有益的㊾thefamouseducationalist著名教育家㊿preparationforlife为生活做准备原文呈现TEACHERSMyTeacherIhaven'tseenMrJenkinssinceIleftschool，butIoftenthinkabout①him.(1)Iwasn'tverygoodat②mostschoolsubjectsbeforeImetMrJenkins.IsupposeIwasabitlazy，especiallyinmaths.TheonlythingIcanrememberfromschoolmathsisthattheanglesofatriangle③addupto④180degrees！(2)ButwhenIwas15andwentintoMrJenkins'class(3)，Ireallybecameinterestedin⑤asubjectforthefirsttime⑥.(1)but连接表示转折关系的并列句，第一个分句中sinceIleftschool为时间状语从句。(2)句中I...schoolmaths为定语从句，修饰先行词thing；系动词is后的that...180degrees为表语从句。(3)when引导时间状语从句。BeforeMrJenkinstaughtme，sciencehadsimplybeenasubjectfullof⑦strangewordstome.Ihadnoidea⑧whathydrogen⑨was，andIdidn'treallywanttoknow，either！(4)Ifounditallsoboring⑩anddifficult.ButMrJenkinsmadeeverythinginteresting⑪.Heusedto⑫explainthingswhichseemeddifficult(5)withlotsofpracticalexamples⑬andinsimplelanguage⑭.Oneday，hetookusoutside，andwebuiltarocket⑮！Irememberthatheletmepoursomefuelinto⑯therocket(6)，andthenanotherstudentlitamatch⑰tosetitoff⑱.Itwasgreatfun.(4)and连接表示顺承关系的并列句，第一个分句中whathydrogenwas为同位语从句。(5)which引导定语从句，修饰先行词things。(6)that引导宾语从句。IknowthatIwasn'tawillingstudent⑲(7)，butIwasn'tslowtolearnnewthings.TheproblemwasthatIlackedconfidenceinmyself⑳(8)．MrJenkinsmademefeelthatIhadmyownstrengths㉑(9)．Iwasinterestedinthestudyofthestarsandplanets㉒andheaskedmetogiveapresentationto㉓theclass.ThatwasreallythefirsttimeItriedtoexplainscienceto㉔anaudienceandnowit'smyjob！(10)OftenwhenI'mpreparingaprogramme，IthinkabouthowMrJenkinswouldhavedoneit.(11)SometimesIthink，ifonly㉕Icouldcallhimandaskforhisopinion㉖(12)!(7)that引导宾语从句。(8)that引导表语从句。(9)that引导宾语从句。(10)and连接表示顺承关系的并列句，第一个分句中I...audience为定语从句，先行词为thefirsttime。(11)when引导时间状语从句，how...doneit为宾语从句。(12)ifonly用于虚拟语句，表达强烈的遗憾或与真实条件不符的愿望。MyStudentI'vereadacoupleof㉗Graham'sbooksandseenhimonTV.Ialwayssaytomywife，“Ohlook，Iusedtoteachhim㉘！”IrememberGrahamwasverydifficultbeforehecameintomyclass(13)．Ihadheardstoriesabouthisbadbehaviour㉙.OnceIcaughthimandhisfriendsseeing㉚(14)whocouldjumpthefarthestofftheschoolstage(15)！Butwhenhegotinterested㉛(16)，hechanged.Thefirstdayhewalkedintomyclass，hewasdragginghisschoolbag㉜behindhimandlookingbored㉝，butassoonasIsetupanexperiment㉞toshowhowthehumanstomachworksusingacidandanonion㉟，hegavemehisfullattention.(17)Helovedscience!Hewasverybrightandhehaddoneverywellin㊱sciencesubjects.(13)before引导时间状语从句。(14)seeing在句中作动词caught的宾语补足语。(15)who引导宾语从句。(16)when引导时间状语从句。(17)but连接表示转折关系的并列句，第一个分句中Thefirstday引导时间状语从句；第二个分句中assoonas也引导时间状语从句。However，Ihavenotdoneaswellwithallmystudentsas㊲IhavewithGraham(18)．Ithinkit'simportanttounderstandthatthere'snosuchthingas㊳agoodorabadstudent(19)．LookatGraham!Everyoneisgoodatsomethingandit'simportanttofindout㊴whatthatisforeachstudent．(20)Weteachersshouldhavemoretimetomakefriendswithallourstudents㊵andreallyunderstandthem.Thenwecouldmakesure㊶thatwewouldfindthepathtosuccess㊷，bothatschoolandinlaterlife㊸，forallofthem(21)．(18)as...as引导同级比较句。(19)省略that的宾语从句，其中that...badstudent也是一个宾语从句。(20)and连接表示顺承关系的并列句，第二个分句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语tofindout...，其中whatthatisforeachstudent为宾语从句。(21)that引导宾语从句。IknewIhadchosenajobwithalotofstress㊹butIlovewhatIdo.(22)Thethingaboutbeingateacheristhatyouhaveaccesstochildren'sminds㊺whentheyareopenandeagertolearn㊻(23)．IfwhatIdoasateachercanhelpturnachildlikeGrahaminto㊼suchasuccessfuladult，thenIknowwhatI'mdoingisworthwhile㊽.(24)AsJohnDewey，thefamouseducationalist㊾，said，“Educationisnotpreparationforlife㊿；educationislifeitself.”(22)but连接表示转折关系的并列句，第一个分句中Iknew后是省略了that的宾语从句；第二个分句中whatIdo也是一个宾语从句。(23)that引导表语从句；when...tolearn为时间状语从句。(24)if引导条件状语从句，其中whatIdoasateacher为主语从句，whatI'mdoingisworthwhile为宾语从句，其中whatI'mdoing为主语从句。译文参考老师我的老师自从我离开学校后就没见过詹金斯先生，但我经常想起他。在遇到詹金斯先生之前学校的大多数科目我都不太擅长。我想那时候我有点懒惰，尤其是在数学方面。我唯一还记得的数学课内容是三角形的内角和是180度。但当我15岁上詹金斯先生的课时，我第一次真正对一门学科产生了兴趣。在詹金斯先生教我之前，对我来说，科学只是一个充满陌生词汇的学科。我不知道氢是什么，我也不想知道！我觉得这一切都是如此无聊和困难。但詹金斯先生让一切都变得有趣起来。他过去经常用大量的实例和简单的语言来解释那些似乎很难的东西。有一天，他带我们出去，制造了一个火箭！我记得他让我把一些燃料倒进火箭，然后另一位同学划着火柴点火，将火箭发射出去。这非常有趣。我知道我不是一个主动学习的学生，但我在学习新事物方面并不迟钝。问题是我缺乏自信。詹金斯先生让我觉得我有自己的优势。我对研究恒星和行星很感兴趣，他让我给全班同学做了一个报告。那真的是我第一次尝试向观众解释科学，现在这是我的工作！当我准备一个节目时，我常常会想詹金斯先生会怎么做。有时我想，要是能打电话征求他的意见该多好！我的学生我读过几本格雷厄姆的书，还在电视上见过他。我总是对我的妻子说，“哦，看，我以前教过他！”我记得格雷厄姆来上我的课之前非常难对付。我听说过他的不良行为。有一次我撞见他和几个朋友比赛，看谁能从学校的舞台上跳得最远。但当他感兴趣时，他改变了。他第一天走进我的教室时，拖着书包，看起来很无聊。但当我用酸和洋葱做了一个实验来演示人类胃的工作原理时，他全神贯注地听我讲课。他喜欢科学！他很聪明，在科学方面成绩很好。不过，并不是每一个学生我能都像教格雷厄姆那么成功。我认为重要的是要明白没有好学生和坏学生之分。看看格雷厄姆！每个人都有自己擅长的领域，了解每个学生的专长是很重要的。我们老师应该有更多的时间和所有的学生交朋友，真正了解他们。然后我们可以确保为他们所有人找到了通往成功的道路，无论是在学校还是在以后的生活中。我知道我选择了一份压力很大的工作，但我热爱我的工作。做教师意味着，你有机会在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习的时候，走进他们的心灵。如果我作为一名教师所做的能够帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成为一个成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的是值得的。正如著名的教育家约翰·杜威所说：“教育并不是为生活而做的准备，教育本身就是生活。”速读课文，完成下列任务Ⅰ.阅读判断判断以下句子提供的信息是正确(T)，还是错误(F)。1．Grahamwasn'tverygoodatmathsbecauseoflaziness. ()2．MrJenkinsmadeGrahaminterestedinscience. ()3．Whilepreparingaprogramme，GrahamoftenturnedtoMrJenkinsforhelp.()4．MrJenkinsthoughtGrahamwasalwaysastudentofgoodbehaviouratschool.()5．Grahamhadtoleaveschoolbecauseofalotofstudystress. ()[答案]1—5TTFFFⅡ.补全信息选择正确选项填入空白处，补全所给句子提供的信息：A．thatyouhaveaccesstochildren'smindsB．thatheletmepoursomefuelintotherocketC．thattheanglesofatriangleaddupto180degreesD．thatwewouldfindthepathtosuccessE．thatthere'snosuchthingasagoodorabadstudentF．thatIwasn'tawillingstudent1．TheonlythingIcanrememberfromschoolmathsis________！2．Iremember________，andthenanotherstudentlitamatchtosetitoff.3．Iknow________，butIwasn'tslowtolearnnewthings.4．Ithinkit'simportanttounderstand________．5．Thenwecouldmakesure________，bothatschoolandinlaterlife，forallofthem.[答案]1—5CBFED细读课文，完成下列任务Ⅰ.主旨匹配Myteacher段落主旨大意1.Para.12.Para.23.Para.3A．MrJenkinsmademeconfidentinmyself.B．Ididn'tdowellinmostschoolsubjects.C．MrJenkinsmadescienceinteresting.[答案]1—3BCAMystudent段落主旨大意4.Para.15.Para.26.Para.3A．MrJenkins'attitudetostudents.B．MrJenkins'beliefsinteaching.C．MrJenkins'impressionofGraham.[答案]4—6CABⅡ.课文理解1．HowdidGrahamfeelaboutsciencebeforeMrJenkins?A．Interested. B．Bored.C．Easy. D．Funny.2．WhatisGraham'sjobnow?A．Toteachscienceinamiddleschool.B．Tohostascienceprogramme.C．Togiveapresentationtotheclass.D．Tointroducehisexperiencetoanaudience.3．HowdidMrJenkinsthinkofGraham?A．Hewasslowtolearnnewthings.B．Hedidn'tgetalongwellwithhisclassmates.C．Hewasverycleverinsciencesubjects.D．Hewasnotaverygoodstudent.4．WhatisworthwhileasateacheraccordingtoMrJenkins?A．Helpingastudentturnintoasuccessfulperson.B．Teachinglessonsbysettingupexperiments.C．Findingoutwhatisforeachstudent.D．Becomingafamouseducationalist.[答案]1—4BBCAⅢ.续写素材积累续写素材积累(一)——人物描述A．阅读文中含有人物描述的语句1．Iwasn'tverygoodatmostschoolsubjects...2．IsupposeIwasabitlazy，especiallyinmaths.3．IknowthatIwasn'tawillingstudent，butIwasn'tslowtolearnnewthings.4．TheproblemwasthatIlackedconfidenceinmyself.5．IrememberGrahamwasverydifficultbeforehecameintomyclass.B．判断下列语句中哪个不是表示人物描述的？1．Helovedscience!2．Hewasverybrightandhehaddoneverywellinsciencesubjects.3．Thenwecouldmakesurethatwewouldfindthepathtosuccess，bothatschoolandinlaterlife，forallofthem.4．Educationisnotpreparationforlife；educationislifeitself.[答案]3、41．humourn．幽默感→humorousadj.幽默的；有幽默感的2．passionn．激情，热情→passionateadj.热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的3．credibleadj.可信的，可靠的→incredibleadj.难以置信的；极好的→incrediblyadv.非常地，极端地4．occasionn．时刻，场合→occasionaladj.偶然的；特殊场合的→occasionallyadv.偶尔；偶然5．emotionn．情感，感情，激情→emotionaladj.情感上的；情绪上的6．extremen．极端→extremelyadv.极度，极其7．practicen．实践；实施→practicaladj.实际的；实践的；切实可行的→practicallyadv.几乎；差不多；讲究实际地8．behavevt.&vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现→behaviourn．行为，举止9．accessn．进入；接触的机会→accessibleadj.可到达的；可接近的；可进入的；可使用的；可见到的；容易理解的；易懂的10．educatevt.教育；训练→educatedadj.受过教育的；有教养的→educationn．教育→educationaladj.教育的→educationalistn．教育(学)家1．hostn．主人；东道主；主办国(或城市、机构)；(电视或广播的)节目主持人v．主办，主持(活动)；主持(电视或广播节目等)；作为主人组织(聚会)；做东①Apartfrommyhost，Ididn'tknowasinglepersonthere. n.主人②Tonightshehostsaballfor300guests. v.做东举办③ShealsohostsashowonStPetersburgRadio. v.主持④Atlantawaschosentobehostofthe1996OlympicGames. n.东道主2．accessn．通道；通路；入径；(使用或见到的)机会，权利①Theonlyaccesstothefarmhouseisacrossthefields. 通道②Scientistshaveonlyrecentlybeenabletogainaccesstothearea.机会，权利知识要点1occasionallyadv.偶尔；偶然[例]There'snoharminyourstayinguplateoccasionally.偶尔晚睡并无妨害。[知识拓展](1)occasionn. 时候，时刻；场合；原因，理由；时机，机会onoccasion(s) 偶尔，有时ononeoccasion 曾经，有一次onthis/thatoccasion 在这个/那个时候onnooccasion 绝不，不会ontheoccasionof... 在……的时候，在……之际(2)occasionaladj. 偶尔的，间或发生的[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Ionlywearatieonspecialoccasions.②Nobodywouldblameyouforanoccasional(occasion)slipofthetongue.③Onnooccasionshouldyoutrytocheatothers，fortheyfindyoudishonest，theywillneverbelieveyouanymore.你在任何场合都不要欺骗别人，因为一旦他们发现你不诚实，他们就再也不会相信你了。知识要点2gratefuladj.感激的，感谢的[例]Wewouldbegratefulforanyinformationyoucouldgiveus.如能提供信息我们将感激不尽。[知识拓展](1)begratefultosb.forsth.因某事而感激某人(2)Iwouldbegratefulif...如果……，我将不胜感激[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Hewasgratefulthatshedidn'ttellhisparentsabouttheincident.②Iwillbedeeplygratefultoyouforyourkindnessfortherestofmylife.③I'dbegratefulifyoucouldletmeknowassoonaspossible.你如果能让我尽快知道我将不胜感激。知识要点3practicaladj.实际的；实践的；切实可行的[例]Mylackofpracticalexperienceisadisadvantage.我缺少实际经验是个不利条件。[知识拓展](1)apracticalmethod 实用的方法；有效的方法for(all)practicalpurposes 实际上(2)practicen. 实践；实际行动；惯例；惯常做的事v. 练习；实习；实行practice(doing)sth. 练习(做)某事inpractice 实际上；事实上[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Listen!Someoneispracticingplaying(play)thepiano.②Thiskindofproductisworthlessforallpracticalpurposes.③Iwanttospeakabouthowweapplytheseprinciplesinpractice．我想要谈谈我们在实践中是如何应用这些原则的。知识要点4pourvt.灌，注，倒[例]Hepouredthewaterawayafterhefinishedwashingthecar.他洗完车后把水倒掉了。[知识拓展]pourin 涌进pourinto 投入(倒)于某物pourout 倒出；涌出；倾诉pouroutof... 从……中涌出来pourdown (雨)倾盆而降[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Theraysofthesunpoursinthroughthewindow.②Theriverpoursintothesea.③Sobbing，shepouredoutthewholestory．她一边哭泣，一边诉说整件事情的经过。④Hewasseriouslywounded.Bloodpouredoutofthewound．他伤得很重，伤口血流如注。知识要点5lackvt.缺乏n.缺乏[例]Wemustnotethatwestilllackqualifiedspecialists.我们必须注意我们还缺乏有资质的专家。[知识拓展](1)forlackof 缺乏……；没有……；因缺少……(a)lackof 缺乏；不足……havenolackof... 不缺乏……(2)lack(for) 缺……；不充足lackingadj. 缺少的；不足的belackingin 不足；不够；缺少[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译①Hedidnotfinishhisschoolingforlackofmoney.②Theyaresorichthattheylackfornothing.③Adietlacking(lack)innutritionalvaluewillnotkeepapersonhealthy.④Themandidn'tgotoschoolwhenhewasyoungbecausehelacked(for)money．＝Themandidn'tgotoschoolwhenhewasyoungbecausehewaslackinginmoney．＝Themandidn'tgotoschoolwhenhewasyoungforlackofmoney．＝Lackingmoney，themandidn'tgotoschoolwhenhewasyoung.因为没钱，这个人小时候没有上学。[名师点津]看“lack”缺什么？①lack用作名词时一般用作单数或不可数名词，意为“缺乏；短缺”。后面常接介词of表示缺少的内容，构成lackof短语。②lack用作动词时可作及物动词，意为“缺乏；没有；短缺”。后面直接接名词作宾语。也可作不及物动词，如跟宾语要加for，构成lackforsth.。知识要点6acoupleof一些，几个；一双，一对[例]IspentacoupleofdayssightseeinginGuilin.我在桂林观光了几天。[知识拓展](1)incouples 成双成对(2)acoupleof＋n.[C] 作主语时谓语动词通常用单数[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Therearebirdsincouplesinthetrees.②Thereis(be)acoupleofboyswaitingforyou.知识要点7usedto过去经常，曾经[例]Iusedtocook，butIdon'thavetimetocooknow.我以前总做饭，但是现在没时间做了。[知识拓展]usedtodosth. 表示“过去经常做某事”，现在已经不再做了be/getusedto(doing)sth. 表示“习惯于(做)某事”，现在依旧在做beusedtodosth. 表示“被用于做某事”，是被动语态[即学即练]——完成句子①Itcanbeusedtodothesamething.这个可以用来做相同的事情。②Letyourbodyget/beusedtothetemperaturechange!让你的身体适应温度的变换！③Iusedtogetthemailearlyinthemorning.我过去经常在清晨去取邮件。知识要点8behaviourn．行为，举止[例]Herhusbandfeltashamedatherbehaviour.她丈夫为她的行为感到害臊。[知识拓展](1)goodbehaviour 良好的行为badbehaviour 不良行为(2)behavevt.&vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现behavewell/badlyto/towardssb. 对待某人好/差behaveoneself 守规矩；表现得体(3)well-behavedadj. 表现好的badly-behavedadj. 表现差的[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Theybehavedbadlyto/towardsmeattheparty，whichmademeveryangry.②Mymotheraskedmetobehavemyself(me)beforetheguests.③Hisbadbehaviour(behave)broughtshametothewholeschool.知识要点9accessn．进入；接触的机会[例]Youcaneasilygetaccesstoher.你很容易接近她。[知识拓展](1)gain/get/have/obtainaccessto 可以到达/使用/得到(机会，权利等)giveaccessto 得以接近；准许进入(2)accessibleadj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的beaccessibletosb. 易被某人接近/使用/进入等[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Studentsinourschoolhaveaccesstogoodinformationresources.②Medicineshouldnotbekeptwhereitisaccessible(access)tochildren.③Theaccesstosuccessistomakegooduseoftheaccesstoeducation．通向成功的方法是好好利用受教育的机会。[名师点津]access的本意是进入某一地点的“通道，入口”，侧重进入的手段与途径，其含义是抽象的，一般用作不可数名词。其引申义可指“接近或取得……的方法、手段、权力等”，常与介词to连用。此外，access在计算机术语中可作“访问，进网”讲。知识要点10worthwhileadj.值得做的；重要的；有益的[例]However，theeveningmakesitallworthwhile.然而，夜晚让一切都值得。[知识拓展]“值得做某事”的句型：(1)Itisworthwhiledoing/todosth.(2)sth.isworthdoingsth.isworthyofbeingdonesth.isworthytobedone[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译/完成句子①Itisn'tworthwhilequarrelling/toquarrel(quarrel)withheraboutsuchlittlethings.②Inmyopinion，thefilmiswellworthseeing(see)．＝Inmyopinion，thefilmisworthyofbeingseen．＝Inmyopinion，thefilmisworthytobeseen．(不定式)＝Inmyopinion，itisworthwhiletoseethefilm．(不定式)＝Inmyopinion，itisworthwhileseeingthefilm．(动名词)在我看来，这部电影值得一看。③Thissuggestionisworthytobeconsidered/ofbeingconsidered．这个建议值得考虑。重点句式1as...as...和……一样……(教材P9)However，IhavenotdoneaswellwithallmystudentsasIhavewithGraham.不过，并不是每一个学生我能都像教格雷厄姆那么成功。[句式分析]as...as...表示“和……一样……”，表示同级比较；第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词。[例1]Thisfilmisasinterestingasthatone.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。[例2]Yourpenwritesassmoothlyasmine.你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。[知识拓展](1)其否定式为notas/so＋adj./adv.＋as；(2)若有修饰成分，如twice，threetimes，half，aquarter等，则须置于第一个as之前；(3)as...as结构的另一种形式是“asmuch/many＋名词＋as＋从句”；(4)as...as结构的另一变体形式是“as＋形容词原级＋名词词组＋as”。[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Tonyisascleveraboyashisbrother.②Itisasmuchyourfaultasyourwife.③Yourbagistwiceasexpensiveasmine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍。④Thisdictionaryisnotas/sousefulasyouthink.这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。⑤Maryhaswrittenasmanyessaysasherbrother.玛丽写的文章篇数和她弟弟一样多。⑥Idon'twantasexpensiveacarasthis．我不要这么贵的汽车。重点句式2notall部分否定(教材P9)However，IhavenotdoneaswellwithallmystudentsasIhavewithGraham.不过，并不是每一个学生我能都像教格雷厄姆那么成功。[句式分析]句中not...all表示部分否定，意为“并非所有的都……”。[例1]Notallmenaresuitableforthatkindofwork.不是所有的人都适合从事那类工作。[例2]Allfootballstarsarenotill-behavedlouts.并非所有的足球明星都是举止粗野的人。[知识拓展](1)含有“整体；全部”意义的词all，both，every，everybody，everything，always，entirely，wholly，altogether等与否定词连用时，表示部分否定。(2)none，neither，noone，nobody，nothing，never等表示全部否定。[即学即练]——完成句子/一句多译①Idon'twantboththebooks．我不是两本书都要。②Idon'tknoweverythingabouther.关于她的情况我并不全知道。③EverybodywouldnotliketogotoBeijing.＝NoteverybodywouldliketogotoBeijing.并非人人都愿意去北京。④Noneofthestudentshavepassedtheexam.这些学生都没有通过考试。1．TheonlythingIcanrememberfromschoolmathsisthattheanglesofatriangleaddupto180degrees![分析]句中Icanrememberfromschoolmaths为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词thing；系动词is后thattheanglesofatriangleaddupto180degrees为that引导的表语从句。[翻译]我唯一还记得的数学课内容是三角形的内角和是180度。2．Thefirstdayhewalkedintomyclass，hewasdragginghisschoolbagbehindhimandlookingbored，butassoonasIsetupanexperimenttoshowhowthehumanstomachworksusingacidandanonion，hegavemehisfullattention.[分析]本句是一个复合句；but连接两个并列分句；第一个分句中名词短语Thefirstday引导时间状语从句；第二个分句中assoonas引导时间状语从句；how引导宾语从句作show的宾语；usingacidandanonion是现在分词短语在句中作状语。[翻译]他第一天走进我的教室时，拖着书包，看起来很无聊。但当我用酸和洋葱做了一个实验来演示人类胃的工作原理时，他全神贯注地听我讲课。教材高考1.Irememberthatheletmepoursomefuelintotherocket，andthenanotherstudentlitamatchtosetitoff.(2021·全国乙卷)PeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.2.I'vereadacoupleofGraham'sbooksandseenhimonTV.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago，theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.3.I'mextremelygratefultohim.(2021·全国乙卷)Shewasgratefulforeverythingthatthemedicalandnursingteamhaddoneforher.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thedetectiveissearchingthemanascarefully(careful)ashecan.2．Iwasn'tusedtocitylife，butnowIhavegotusedtoliving(live)inthiscity.3．Isitworthwhilegetting/toget(get)angryoversuchatriflingmatter?4．Themostimportantfilesofthesystemareallaccessible(access)fromhere.5．Tom，behaveyourself(you)!Didyouforgettheschoolrules?6．Judgingfromhisconduct，Iassumeheislackingineducation.7．TheBankhasapproachedtheissueinapractical(practice)way.8．Somepeopleattendregularly，othersonlyoccasionally(occasional)．9．Iwouldbegratefulifhecouldcastanexperteyeoveritandtellmewhathethoughtofit.10．Fooddonationshavepouredinfromalloverthecountry.Ⅱ.短语填空passaway；addupto；haveaccessto；forthefirsttime；pourinto；acoupleof；usedto；forlackof1．Yourlonganswerjustaddsuptoarefusal.2．Makesurethattheremotecomputerhasaccesstothefileshare.3．Thehousecametohimwhenhisparentspassedaway．4．Theprojectwashungupforlackofmoney.5．ForthefirsttimeLeonardfeltangryathermethods.6．Therewasafloodofwaterpouringintothebasement.7．Itonlylastedacoupleofyears，asfarasIknow.8．Iusedtoeditthecollegepaperintheolddays.Ⅲ.课文语法填空Grahamusedtobenotverygoodatmostschool1.subjects(subject)．Butwhenhewas15andwentintoMrJenkins'class，hereallybecameinterestedinscience2.forthefirsttime.BeforeMrJenkinstaughthim，sciencehad3.simply(simple)beenasubjectfullofstrangewordstoGraham.Hefounditallso4.boring(bore)anddifficult.ButMrJenkinsmadeeverythinginterestingwithlotsof5.practical(practice)examplesandinsimplelanguage.Grahamwasn'tawillingstudent，buthewasn'tslow6.tolearn(learn)newthings.Theproblemwasthathe7.lacked(lack)confidenceinhimself.MrJenkinsmadehimfeelthathehadhisownstrengths.MrJenkinsonceaskedhimtogivea8.presentation(present)ofthestarsandplanetstotheclass.Thatwasreally9.thefirsttimehetriedtoexplainsciencetoanaudienceandnowit'shisjob!AlthoughGrahamhasn'tseenMrJenkins10.sinceheleftschool，heoftenthinksaboutMrJenkins.过去完成时[观察例句]1．What'smore，hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthat...2．AfterDarwinhadspentsometimeinSouthAmerica，hisroomontheshipwascrowdedwithsamplesoftheplantsandanimalshehadcollected.3．Atthattime，peoplebelievedthatallspecieshadappearedonEarthatthesametime...4．Itseemedtheirbeakshadevolvedaccordingtowhatfoodwasavailableonthatparticularisland.[归纳用法]过去完成时的动作须在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在“过去的过去”。1．过去完成时的构成过去完成时是由“had＋过去分词”构成的。SoonIrealizedIhadmadeaseriousmistake.我很快就意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。Themansittingbesidemeontheplanewasverynervous.Hehadnotflownbefore.飞机上坐在我旁边的人很紧张，他以前从没乘过飞机。2．过去完成时的用法(1)“已完成”用法表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间之前或过去某一动作之前已经完成。句中常用by引导的时间状语或以before，until，when，than等词引导的内含一般过去时的时间状语从句。By5：00yesterdaymorningwehaddonethatwork.到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。Hehadjustfinishedsweepingtheclassroomwhentheteacherreturnedfromtheoffice.老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。[名师点津]在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。Thetrain(had)startedbeforeIreachedthestation.在我到达车站之前，列车已经开了。Afterhe(had)arrivedinEngland，MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish