北师大版高中英语必修四第6讲：Unit11-The-Media-语法篇(学生版)

Unit11TheMedia语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1、被动语态。2、动名词。被动语态当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语部分需用被动语态形式，即“系动词be+过去分词”。例：Englishisspokenallovertheworldtoday.被动语态常用于需要强调动作的承受者；不知道谁是动作的执行者，没有必要说出动作的执行者以及科技文章中。例：Thebridgewasmadeofstones.各种时态的被动语态时态被动语态一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时 was/were+过去分词一般将来时 willbe+过去分词过去将来时 wouldbe+过去分词现在进行时 am/is/are+being+过去分词过去进行时 was/were+being+过去分词现在完成时 have/has+过去分词过去完成时 hadbeen+过去分词例：Iftheyarecaught,theywilldie.Weshallbepunishedifwebreaktherule.Acomputercenterisbeingbuiltforthestudents.Allthebrokenwindowshavebeenrepaired.被动语态的特殊结构=1\*GB3①含有情态动词的被动语态。其结构为：can/may/must/need/should/…+be+过去分词例：Thechildrenshouldbetakengoodcareof.=2\*GB3②带有双宾语动词的被动语态，一般是把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。例：Hewasgivenapersonbyhismotherforhisbrother.=3\*GB3③带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）动词的被动语态构成，一般是将宾语变为被动语态中的主语。例：Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.=4\*GB3④感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等和使役动词have,make,let等后面接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但其被动语态不定式要带to。例：Astrangerwasseentowalkintothatbuilding.=5\*GB3⑤一些相当于及物动词的短语动词，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，在被动语态中，介词和动词不可以省略。ThemeetingwasputofftillFriday.动名词动名词由动词+ing构成，否定形式为notdoing,具有动词的特点，可以带有宾语和补语，同时具有名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可以充当主语，宾语，表语和定语。作主语例：Seeingisbelieving.作表语例：Myjobisteaching.作宾语=1\*GB3①admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,feellike,finish,forgive,giveup,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practice,putoff,resist,risk,suggest,can’thelp,can’tstand等动词或词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。例：Whatenvironmentdoyouenjoyworkingin?Canyouimaginedoingsuchwork?=2\*GB3②forget,remember,mean,regret,goon,stop,try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事forgettodosth.忘记去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事remembertodosth.记得去做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事meantodosth.打算做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事regrettodosth.遗憾做了某事goondoingsth.继续做某事goontodosth.接着做另一件事trydoingsth.试着做某事trytodosth.尽量做某事=3\*GB3③allow/advise/forbid/permit+doingsth.允许/建议/禁止/准许做某事；allow/advise/forbid/permitsb.Todosth.允许/建议/禁止/准许某人做某事。例：Theydon’tallowsmokinghere.Theydon’tallowmetosmokehere.=4\*GB3④need,require,want作“需要”解，其后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义；beworthdoing主动形式表示被动意义。例：Theflowersneedwatering.=Theflowersneedtobewatered.=5\*GB3⑤短语devoteto,lookforwardto,stickto,beusedto,bebusyin,havedifficulty/trouble/problem(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),there’snouse/good/need,feellike,getdownto等需用动名词形式作宾语。例：Welookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.=6\*GB3⑥love,hate,prefer,like等动词后用动名词作宾语时指一般情况；跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。例：Ilikeswimming,butIpreferdiving.作定语，说明被修饰名词的特征，功能或作用。现在分词作定语则与被修饰的名词是主谓关系。例：Thereisalargereadingroominthelibrary.例1.Ifnothing_____,theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.doeshadbeendonewilldoisdone例2.Weareconfidentthattheenvironment_____byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.hadbeenimprovedwillbeimprovedisimprovedwasimproved例3._____basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.KnownHavingknownknowingBeingknown例4.Theairport_____nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.A.beingcompletedB.tobecompletedC.completedD.havingbeencompleted例5.（2015北京房山高三二模）Thediscussion_____nowanditwillnotbelongbeforethefinalresultisannounced.A.isholdingB.willbeheldC.isbeingheldD.hasheld基础演练一，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。Ishonestthebestpolicy?We__________thatitiswhenwearelittle.(teach)Thelettersfortheboss__________onhisdeskbuthedidn’treadthemuntilthreedayslater.(put)Don’tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow_____laterinlife.(repay)Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse__________.(rebuild)—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?—Yes,fortunatelynoone__________.(hurt)Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms__________allovertheworld.(produce)__________howothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.(hear)_____awetfootballcanhurtyourfootifyouarenotcareful.(kick)__________bybeautifulgreenmountainsandsituatedatthefootofHuangshanMountainmakesTaipingLakeafamoustourismattraction.(surround)Oncelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand__________them.(correct)巩固提高一，单项选择。Theairport_____nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.beingcompleted B.tobecompleted C.completed D.havingbeencompletedHetolduswhether__________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.tohave B.having C.have D.hadArmedwiththeinformationyouhavegathered,youcan_____preparingyourbusinessplan.setout B.setabout C.setoff D.setupChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom_____intheSouthChinaSea.attacking B.havingattacked C.beingattacked D.havingbeenattacked—Wehavenoobjection_____thenewprojectagain.—Ican’tagreemore.todiscuss B.todiscussing C.tohavingdiscussed D.tohavediscussed一，单项选择。Myfatherhasmuch_____indoctorsoftraditionalChinesemedicine.relief B.belief C.kerchief D.chief（2015北京东城高三第一学期期末考试）Sheseatedherselfatasmalltableintherestaurant,waiting_____.serving B.toserve C.served D.tobeserved（2015北京朝阳高三第一学期期末考试）—Ah,Anita.Isthedesignfortheconferencecentertoday?—I_____onitforoveramonth,butIhaven’tfinishedityet.worked B.hadworked C.havebeenworking D.wasworking（2015北京101中学高三测试）Duetothelightpollution,starsaretoofaint_____withnakedeyesintheurbanarea.observing B.beingobserved C.tobeobserved D.tobeobserving（2015北京东城高三一模）CharlesenteredNewYorkUniversityin2009andoneyearlater_____toUniversityofLondonasanexchangestudent.sent B.hadsent C.wassent D.hadbeensentEachofusis_____todevelopapersonalforcertaintypesofentertainment.possible B.probable C.likely D.potentialStandatthetopofthemountain,andthenyou’llgetabetter_____ofthetown.sight B.view C.scene D.scenery_____salesofcarsupby30％lastyear,thetrafficinBeijinghasbecomeincreasinglyterrible.As B.Since C.For D.WithWasit_____theinternationalconferencethatmadethecitythefocusofthisarea.tohold B.hold C.held D.holding—Excuseme,whereisthenearestbank?—Gostraightahead;you_____missit,whichisahugebuilding.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’tIt’sacustominChinatohavesometeaorotherdrinksbeforethemeal_____.serves B.served C.isserved D.tobeservedMoYanbecamethefirstChineseNobelPrizewinnerinLiterature,_____leftschooltomakealivingattheageof12.As B.which C.that D.who—Shallwehaveourhousedecorated?—_____Ithinkit’sfineasitis.Whynot? B.Soundsgreat. C.Notexactly. D.Betternot.peoplehavemixedviewsonthepolicypublishedrecently,becausenoteverybodyis_____itinthesurvey.inhonorof B.infavorof C.insearchof D.inneedofRosedidn’t_____thediscussion,forshewasn’thastrouble_____therightthingstosay.takepart B.join C.participatein C.attendin__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________完型填空。GaryandCharlielivedinthesametown.They1inthesameclass.Graywastallandstrongandranfaster.Hewasoneofthe2intheirschool.ButhisfriendCharliewasthinandspent3timeonsports.Graywas4inhislessonsbecausehewasn’tso5asCharlieThewar6assoonasthetwoyoungmenfinishedmiddleschool.Theyboth7thearmyandsoontheyweresenttothefront(前线).NowGrayoften8Charlie.Andtheyoungmanthankedhisfriendverymuch.TheofficerwantedtogettheGermans’9.Hesentsomesoldierstogototheenemy’sreararea(敌后).Buttheywerecaptured(俘虏).Hehadto10thesecondgroup,thenthethird.Buttheywereallmissing.11ofthesoldierswoulddoit.Atlasttheofficer12anysoldier13couldcaptureaGermanwouldberewarded(奖赏)200dollars.Grayalways14togetrichandaskedtodoitwithCharlie.Theywalked15theforest,crossedtheriversandreachedthevillagewheretheGermansstayed.Theyfoundthereweretheenemysoldierseverywhere.Theyhadtostayinabrokenhouseuntil16fell.Buttheyweresotiredthat17theywereboth18.AtmidnightGrayheardsomenoise.He19atonceandfoundtherescaresofGermansaroundthehouse.HewokeCharlieupatonceandsaid20,“We’llsoongetrich!”1.A.worked B.studied C.lived D.played2.A.fighters B.policemen C.athletes D.actors3.A.little B.alittle C.few D.afew4.A.well B.good C.weak D.bad5.A.able B.polite C.friendly D.clever6.A.brokeout B.hurriedoff C.foundout D.putout7.A.wentto B.escapedfrom C.joined D.tookpartin8.A.saved B.helped C.beat D.punished9.A.news B.newspapers C.books D.information10.A.take B.bring C.send D.ask11.A.All B.None C.Both D.Neither12.A.promised B.guessed C.thought D.ordered13.A.what B.who C./ D.which14.A.prepared B.planned C.advised D.hoped15.A.through B.across