定语从句复习(定稿)

学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载学习必备欢迎下载高一定语从句复习掌握要点：1．定语从句三要素及关系词的选用；2．只能that或which的情况；3．which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别；4．whose的用法及转换形式；5．介词+关系代词中介词的选用及位置(介词短语和动词短语)；6．定语从句中的特殊情况。定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。一、关系带词引导的定语从句1.关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词

句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句

代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语who/whomwhichthat定语whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)

例１：ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.例２：ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.２．关系代词的用法(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：Allthepeoplethatareburstintotears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。）(2)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,most,no,some,very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which,who，或whom。

(3)非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that，作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostofwhomarewelleducated.(4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与andthis相似。例如：Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.

(5)that可指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。

(6)which仅指物，一般不可以指人。which引导的定语从句可以是限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。(7)如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词则用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。（集体名词指整体时，作主语看作单数；指个体成员时，作主语看作单数。）(8)先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that，不用which。(9)如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,people,those,he，关系代词应该用who或whom，不用that。例如：Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?（这里所有人中谁和你一起去？）(10)定从中“whose+n”.的等价结构：whose+n.＝the+n.+ofwhich/ofwhom＝ofwhich/ofwhom+the+n．等式右端必须使用“the+n.";ofwhich/ofwhom可放置在“the+n."之前或之后。例如：Shehesitatedtobuytheblouse_________（其价格）hadbeenhigherthanexpected.析：在该题目的空格处可填写whoseprice,thepriceofwhich或ofwhichtheprice。３．“介词＋关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构(1)“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that。(2)fromwhere为“介词＋关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown.再如：Theystoodatthewindow.Theycouldseewhathappenedinthestreetfromthere.（变为主从复合句）

→Theystoodatthewindow__________theycouldseewhathappenedinthestreet.(答案是fromwhere)(3)sincewhen该结构引导定从时，从句要使用现在完成时或完成进行时。其中when相对于whichtime。如：WecamebackonTuesday,_________wehavebeenworkingintherepairshop.(填sincewhen)(我们星期二回来,从那时起就一直在修配间工作。)（注意定从的时态）(4)关系副词（when,where,why）＝介词+which该公式须满足一个约束条件：先行词为时间、地点或原因，且“介词＋which"在定从中作相应的状语。例如：①Knownwasthereasonforwhich/whyshehadboughttheticket.②Veryinterestingandinstructivewasthefilmforwhichshehadboughtaticket.析：①句中forwhich=why，满足约束条件；②句中的forwhich不满足约束条件。(5)“介词+whose+n.”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。介词+whose+n.结构，当“whose+n.”作介词的宾语时，就形成“介词+whose+n.”。(6)整体与部分关系：数量词语+ofwhich/ofwhom＝ofwhich/ofwhom+数量词语。这种结构本身就是一个带有连词、起连接作用的结构。要将其与无连词的“数量词语+ofthem"区别开来。使用该结构时，应当注意从句前的标点。例如：（翻译句子）他给我带来了苹果，其中一些已经腐烂了。①使用定从翻译：Hebroughtmeapples,someofwhichhadgonebad.②使用and翻译：Hebroughtmeapples,andsomeofthemhadgonebad.③使用分号翻译：Hebroughtmeapples;someofthemhadgonebad.(7)介词+which/whom+带to不定式(作后置定语)，该结构的作用相当于一个定语从句,其中的不定式表示目的、用途、方式等,而which/whom前的介词又可以放在动词不定式之后。下面我们来看看这道高考题：Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop_______toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.(选B)A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.how(8)像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开，这时候介词就不能提到从句句首。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.

（这是她曾经照顾的孩子。）二、关系副词引导的定语从句1．关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词when,where,why在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。2.that可引导定语从句表示时间．地点或原因that有时可以代替关系副词when,where或者why引导定语从句表示时间、地点或原因，在that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。但这种情况很少，仅在口语会话中出现。三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1．二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词，引导词同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词、关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。2．关系代词和关系副词的选择依据

(1)弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分，作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语、宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。3.

先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：Thisisthearticlewrittenbyhimthatispoke(刺；戳)toyou.四、as在定语从句中的用法1.引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（１）as多与such或thesame连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。（２）as也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。但as有实意，翻译成“正如，正像”，而which没有实意。例如：Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.

(３）thesame…that与thesame…as在意思上是不同的。2．as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：Asisexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.五、英语定语从句专项练习1．Ithinkyou’regottothepoint_______achangeisneeded,otherwiseyou’llfail.A.when

B.that

C.where

D.which2．Thehours_______thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeopleundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipswithreal-lifepeople.A.when

B.that

C.inwhich

D.onwhich3．Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes________peoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.that

B.bywhich

C.which

D.inwhich4．Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers______shehadwipedherhands.A.where

B.which

C.when

D.that5．______isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.Which

B.When

C.What

D.As6．______isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.It

B.As

C.That

D.What7．Therearemanypeople_________onlyon-lineactivityissendingandreceivinge-mails.A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whose8．EBay,AmazonandWallMartarepopularwebsites_______peoplecansellgoodstoeachother.A.where

B.which

C.when

D.whose9．Onhis10thbirthday.Martymanagestoescapefromthezooandgetsontothesubway,_____hebelievesthathecangotothewild.A.which

B.fromwhat

C.throughwhich

D.that10．Ihope_______thelittle______Ihavebeenabletodohasbeenofsomeuse.A.that;that

B./;bywhich

C.what;what

D./;withwhich11．Thefarmersusewoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrainsalltheyeararound.A.withwhich

B.towhich

C.which

D.inwhich12．Thiswasafilm_______Spielbergusedrealactorsinsteadoftoys.A.which

B.when

C.inwhich

D.there13．Thethoughtofgoinghometohisfamilywasall_______kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.A.that

B.what

C.those

D.which14．Acontainerweighsmoreafterairisputin,_______provesthatairhasweight.A.as

B.it

C.that

D.which15．—CanyoutellmewherePeterlives?—Overthere.Thetwostoreyhouse,______thereisagarden.A.nearit

B.fromwhich

C.infrontofit

D.infrontofwhich16．MissGreentookupthestoryatthepoint______thethiefhadjustmadeoffwiththejewels.A.where

B.which

C.as

D.when17．—Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?—Thereisnooneelse_______,isthere?A.whototurnto

B.shecanturnto

C.forwhomtoturn

D.forhertoturn18．Theyearbeforelast,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_____effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A.that

B.whose

C.those

D.what19．Nowadaysteenagersliketogotofastfoodrestaurants,______asthenamesuggests,eatingdoesn’ttakemuchtime.A.who

B.where

C.which

D.what20．LaterIwanttoreturnhomebutcouldn’tfindacompany________Icoulduse_____Ihadlearnt.A.where;that

B.where;what

C.when;what

D.that;that21．Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituations____Englishisused.A.when

B.that

C.how

D.where22．Wehopethemeasurestocontrolhouseprices，________aretakenbythegovernment，willsucceed.A.as

B.when

C.since

D.after23．Theboytheteachersconsidered_______failedinthefinalexam,_______surprisedthemverymuch.A.tobethebest；which

B.asthebeststudent；that

C.tohavebeenstudyingwell；it

D.suchasagoodstudent；which24．Thepresident,togetherwithhisbodyguards,_______tothenuclearstation_______therewasanaccident20minutesago.A.havecome；which

B.came；inwhich

C.hascome；where

D.come；inwhich25．Isthereagasstationaround_____Icangetsomepetrol?A.which

B.what

C.whereD.that26．Therewas_________time________Ihatedtogotoschool.A.a；that

B.a；when

C.the；that

D.the；when27．Itwasintheveryhouse_______wasbuiltwithstones_______hespenthischildhood.A.that；that

B.that；where

C.which；that

D.which；where28．ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo______I_______them.A.what；cansave

B.allwhat；cantosave

C.what；cantosave

D.everything；cansave29．Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedinthecountrywithfarmers,________hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that；which

B.when；which

C.which；that

D.when；who30.Justlikeavoyageatsea,ourlifejourney,_______daysarelimited,isfullofdifficulties.A.that

B.which

C.it

D.whose六、定语从句高考链接：1.（2011·天津卷）10.Thedaysaregone________physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which2.（2011·江西卷）34.Sheshowedhevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction______hastakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich3.（2011·四川卷）17.Theschoolshop,customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfewtheholidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where4.（2011·北京卷）26.MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,,ofcourse,madealltheothersupset.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that5.（2011·陕西卷）11.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that6.（2011·全国II）7.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,______isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which7.（2011·江苏卷）24．Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,__________theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.A．When B．Where C．that D．which8.（2011·全国新课标卷）31．Theprizewillgotothewriterstoryshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what9.（2011·浙江卷）8.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachof____usesitsomewhatdifferently.A.whichB.whatC.themD.those10.（2011·浙江卷）10.Abankistheplace______theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.there11.（2011·湖南卷）25.JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof______shespokefluently.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that12.（2011·安徽卷）28.Whateverisleftovermaybeputintotherefrigerator,_____itwillkeepfortwoorthreeweeks.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.while13.（2011·山东卷）32.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_____arebuiltclosetoeachother.A.they B.where C.what D.that14.（2011·福建卷）24.Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents,____allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who15.(2011上海卷)39.You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation____youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.which B.where C.when D.as七、定语从句难点总结辨析(一)、强调句型与定语从句

1.“Wheredidyoufindtheprofessorwhomadethespeechyesterday?”“Itwasinthehall______thestudentsoftenhaveameeting.”A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when

2.Itwasinthesmallhouse________wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather_______hespenthischildhood.

A.which,thatB.that,whichC.which,whichD.that,where

3.Itwastheboy_____hadbeeninprison_____stolethemoney.

A.who,whereB.that,howC.who,thatD.that,which

4.Itwasjustintheroom_____hewasborn_____hedied.

A.where,whichB.that,thatC.where,thatD.which,that

5.---HaveyouseenthefilmUndertheHawthornTree?

---Ofcourse,Ihave.Itwasinourvillage______itwasmade.A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which

(二)、选关系代词、关系副词时要考虑所属关系。

1.Theschoolshop_______customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfortheholidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where

2.Iamgratefultomyhighschoolteachers,without_____helpIwouldn’tbesoexcellent.

A.whomB.themC.whichD.whose

(三)、fromwhere与fromwhen引导的定语从句

fromwhere引导的定语从句

1、Soonaftergettingoffhishorse,thecaptainappearedatthesecondstoreywindows,fromwherehecouldseenothingbuttrees.下马不久，上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了。他从那里除了树木什么也没看到。划线部分相当于…,andfromatthewindows…不可变为fromwhich…，可用where，但不如用fromwhere更具体。

2、Sheclimbeduptothetopofthehill,fromwhereshecouldhaveagoodviewofthewholetown.她登上山顶，从那里她可以一览全城风光。划线部分相当于…,andfromonthetopofthehill或fromonthetopofwhich…,不可变为fromwhich，也可直接用where引导，但语义较为含糊，不如用fromwhere更加生动、形象。

3、Wewentuptotheroof,fromwherewehadagoodviewoftheprocession.我们爬到屋顶，在那儿我们可以一览整个行进队伍。划线部分可理解为andfromonthetopoftheroof或fromonthetopofwhich，用fromwhich是不对的，直接用where仍显不具体，不形象。

1.Agoodfriendofminefrom________IwasbornshowedupatmyhomerightbeforeIleftforBeijing．(20XX年安徽卷27题)A.howB.whomC.whenD.which(四)、定语从句中介词的选择经典例题

Tomygreatsurprise,