人教版高考英语一轮复习语法专题2 非谓语动词课件

专题二非谓语动词内容索引010203情境导入考点解读技法图解04考点达标检测情境导入Goodafternoon,ladiesandgentlemen.Itisagreathonorformeto

introduce①thisEnglishspeechcontest.Asweallknow,to

master②aforeignlanguageisveryimportantforus.Taking

part

in③anEnglishspeechcontestisahelpfulwayto

learn④English.Everyonewantsto

show⑤theirbest.Whenwehavebeenpreparingforit,wecanimproveourlistening

and

speaking⑥

ability,developing⑦agoodhabitoflearning⑧English.Intheprocessofthecompetition,youshouldpayattentiontotherulesmade⑨byus.First,youshouldmakeyourvoiceheard⑩clearlybyeveryone,

soreading

aloud⑪isverynecessary.Second,youshouldtryyourbestto

express⑫yourselfinfluentEnglish.Finally,youshouldfinishyourspeechinfiveminutes.IamsuretheEnglishspeechcompetitionwillbeagreatsuccessandtheaudiencewillfeelsatisfied⑬

withourperformance.Thankyou!用法感悟1.①to

introduce

this

English

speech

contest

是不定式短语作真正的

语,

是形式主语。

②to

master

a

foreign

language

是不定式短语作

语。

④to

learn

English是不定式短语作

语,修饰way。

⑤to

show

their

best

是不定式短语作

语。

⑫to

express

yourself

in

English

fluently是不定式短语作

语。主it主定宾目的状2.③Taking

part

in

an

English

speech

contest⑪reading

aloud都是动名词短语作

语。

⑥listening

and

speaking是动名词作

语,修饰

ability,表示类别。

⑧learning

English是动名词短语作介词of的

语。

3.⑦developing

a

good

habit

of

learning

English

是现在分词短语作

语。⑨made

by

us

是过去分词短语作

语。

⑩heard

clearly

by

everyone

是过去分词短语作

语。

⑬satisfied是分词形容词,在句中作

语,意为“感到满意的”。

主定宾状定宾语补足表考点解读考点1非谓语动词作状语一、动词不定式作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等。1.作目的状语,有时用inorderto或soasto。Wewillcontinueourcampaignto

prevent

and

controlairpollutionto

makeourskiesblueagain.我们将继续我们的运动,以预防和控制空气污染,使我们的天空再次蔚蓝。2.作结果状语,常用于结构enoughto,too...to...,onlyto等。I’mtootiredto

stayupanylonger.我太累了,实在不能熬夜了。3.作原因状语,此时常与表示情感的形容词连用,如glad,happy,frightened,surprised等。Iwasfrightenedto

findthatinfrontofmydoorsatadog.我惊恐地发现我门前坐着一只狗。二、分词作状语1.现在分词短语作状语,常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等,与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.他的双亲去世了,留下他成了孤儿。[名师点津]动词不定式短语作结果状语时,常表示意想不到的结果;而现在分词短语作结果状语时,常表示自然而然的结果。2.过去分词作状语,分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。Seriouslyinjured,shehadtobesenttohospitalatonce.她受伤严重,不得不被立刻送往医院。3.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构中,此时这些过去分词既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态,如lost(迷路的),seated(坐着的),hidden(隐瞒的),lost/absorbedin(沉溺于),dressedin(穿着……的),tiredof(对……感到厌倦的)等。Absorbedinhisbook,hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom,他被这本书所吸引,没有注意到我进入房间。小题快练

单句语法填空1.(2023全国乙卷)

(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,Iwasamazedbytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.

2.(2023全国甲卷)Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)

(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.

3.(2022全国甲卷)Heflew4,700kilometersfromXi’antoKashgaronSept.20,

(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.

Havingvisitedtoteachplanning4.(2022全国乙卷)

(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,

(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.5.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)

(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.

TostrengtheninvitingCovering考点2非谓语动词作定语一、动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系或同位关系。Sheisalwaysthefirstto

comeandthelastto

leave.(主谓关系)她总是第一个来最后一个离开。Ican’tthinkofanygoodadviceto

give

her.(动宾关系)我想不出任何好的建议给她。Hislastappeal,to

come

and

see

her,wentunanswered.(同位关系)没有人答应他最后要来看她的请求。二、分词作定语1.动词-ing形式作定语当该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时,用现在分词形式。Thelecture,startingat7:00pmlastnight,wasfollowedbyanobservationofthemoonwithtelescopes.始于昨天晚上7点的这次演讲,紧跟在用望远镜对月球进行观测之后。[名师点津]被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时,用现在分词的被动式作定语,表示该动作的被动和进行。2.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语,分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。TsinghuaUniversity,foundedin1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.清华大学始建于1911年,是众多杰出人物的母校。[名师点津]作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done,doing

表示正在进行;done表示已经完成。3.动词-ing形式作定语表示被修饰词的某种用途,在意义上相当于“名词+for+doing”,此时动词-ing形式常置于被修饰词的前面。NoflyingmachinewillflyfromNewYorktoParis.没有飞行器会从纽约飞到巴黎。小题快练

单句语法填空1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Shanghaimaybethe

(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplings,butfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasxiao

long

bao’sbirthplace.

2.(2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto

(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas,whichareonloanfromChina.

recognizedvisiting3.(2023全国甲卷)“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmericawherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings,”herfablebegins,

(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage

(intend)foreveryone.

4.(2023浙江1月卷)IntheMingDynasty,thecenterwastheForbiddenCity,

(surround)inconcentric(同心的)circlesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity.

5.(2022全国甲卷)Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep

(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.

borrowingintendedsurroundedtojourney考点3非谓语动词作补足语1.感官动词和短语(see,watch,observe,notice,look

at,hear,listen

to,feel)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing表主动或正在进行,done表被动或完成。Themissingboywaslastseenplayingneartheriver.这个失踪的男孩最后一次被看到时正在河边玩耍。2.动词let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。Onthecontrary,thosewholetteenagersexperiencetheconsequencesoftheiractionscandobetter.相反,那些让青少年经历了他们行动结果的人能够做得更优秀。3.固定短语,如advise/allow/encourage/request/warnsbtodosth等。4.with/without的复合结构:with/without+n.+doing(主动、进行)/done(被动、完成)/todo(目的、将来)。Withoutanyonenoticing,Istoleintotheroom.没有人注意到,我偷偷溜进了房间。小题快练

单句语法填空1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)NomatterwhereIbuythem,though,onesteamerbasketisrarelyenough,yettwoseemsgreedy,andsoIamalwaysleft

(want)morenexttime.

2.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang

aside,thebestxiao

long

baohaveafineskin,allowingthem

(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.

3.(2023全国乙卷)Beijingisacitybridgingtheancientandthemodern.FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrow

hutongtoroyalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully

(build)systemofringroads.

wantingtobeliftedbuilt考点4非谓语动词作宾语1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语:suggest,imagine,mind,admit,practice,allow,advise,risk,keep,keep

on,avoid,escape,enjoy,consider,excuse,finish,miss,insist

on,lookforwardto,feel

like,getdownto,objectto等。Wedon’tallowdivinginthepool.泳池内不准跳水。2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语:wish,hope,decide,refuse,promise,pretend,manage,plan,fail,choose,wouldlike等。Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedto

stopsmoking.你父亲终于决定戒烟了。[名师点津]如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语后置。Ifinditimpossibleto

changeheridea.我发现不可能改变她的想法。3.下列动词或词组既可以接动词-ing形式作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:Imean

to

go,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。Toraisewagemeans

increasingpurchasingpower.增加工资意味着增加购买力。4.动词不定式可以与疑问代词及疑问副词(why除外)等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。Ididn’tknowhow

to

getbacktothevillage.我不知道怎样回到村子。Experiencetellsyouwhat

to

do;confidenceallowsyoutodoit.经验告诉你干什么,而信心让你去做这件事。小题快练

单句语法填空1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether

(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthesteamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.

2.(2023全国乙卷)Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears

(record)everythingIdiscovered.

3.(2021全国甲卷)After

(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!

tobiterecordingspending4.(2021全国乙卷)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaim

(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.

5.(2021全国乙卷)Actually,atrueeco-friendlytripmustmeetthefollowingprinciples:Minimizetheimpactof

(visit)theplace.

tohavevisiting考点5非谓语动词作主语、表语1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和动词不定式(1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。Facinguptoyourproblemsratherthanrunningawayfromthemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.直面问题而不是逃避是解决它们的最佳途径。(2)it作形式主语,代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见句型有:Itis/wasnouse/good+doing

sth;Itis/wasuselessdoingsth;It’sawasteoftimedoingsthIt’s

important

for

the

figures

to

be

updatedregularly.经常性地更新数据是非常重要的。2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式注意动词-ing形式作表语意为“令人感到……的”,而过去分词作表语意为本身“感到……的”。Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightened.请描述一只惊恐的狗。[名师点津]get,become,look,seem,appear

等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语,表示被动或主语的状态。ThisquotationfromWinstonChurchilltellsusthatweshouldn’tgetdiscouragedrightafterfailure.温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句话告诉我们,失败之后不应该气馁。小题快练

单句语法填空1.(2021全国甲卷)Itispossible

(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.

2.It’snogood

(regret)yourpastmistakes.

3.Fortunately,nowadaysitismucheasier

(make)eco-friendlylifestylechoices.

4.Whatworriedthechildmostwashis

(not,allow)tovisithismotherinthehospital.

5.Itis,therefore,urgent

(update)ourcurriculabyintroducingtherecentdevelopmentsintherelevantfields.

towalkregrettingtomakenotbeingallowedtoupdate考点6非谓语动词的时态和语态

类别时态形式语态形式主动被动动词不定式一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone动词-ing形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone过去分词一般式done/1.主、被动形式非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,用主动形式;与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时,用被动形式。Themeetingto

be

heldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.明天即将举行的这次会议非常重要。2.时间先后关系根据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态:(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生,用非谓语动词的一般式;(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,用非谓语动词的完成式。Having

finishedhishomework,hewenttobed.他完成作业之后就去睡觉了。小题快练

单句语法填空1.Thenovelisbelievedto

(translate)intotenforeignlanguagessofar.

2.Themanager,

(make)itclearthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.

3.

(talk)intochangingmyattitude,Ifinallygottherightwaytoridmyselfofcarelessnessandgainedconfidenceaswell.

4.Thepolicearesaid

(undertake)detailedinvestigationsintothecaseatpresent.

5.Infact,muchremains

(learn)abouttraditionalChinesepaintinganditselements.

havebeentranslatedhavingmadeHavingbeentalkedtobeundertakingtobelearned/tobelearnt技法图解【例1】

(Date)back250millionyears,Himalayanseasaltisatypeofrocksaltthatisnaturallypinkincolor.

分析:句中已有谓语部分is

a

type

of

rock

salt,因此应用非谓语动词。句子主语Himalayan

sea

salt与date

back之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用动词-ing形式。【例2】Borninthe1980sandhavinglongbeenusedto

(read)cartoonbookswhilegrowingup,Mao

Ge,wholovestraditionalarchitectureeversomuch,hitupontheideaofintroducingittoawiderreadershipthroughcartoons.

分析:平时学习过程中要牢记用动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语的动词和短语。be

used

to

doing

sth

为固定搭配,意为“习惯于做某事”。Datingreading考点达标检测Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2024湖南长沙一中模拟)Chinahasalwayswelcomedthepositiveaspectsofothercivilizationswhilecontributingitscivilizationachievements

(enrich)othercivilizations;Chinesemusicdidnotshyawayfrom

(adopt)musicalinstrumentsfromtheMiddleEast,likethefantasticpipa,andmakingitanessentialandbeautifulpartofChinesemusicalculture.

2.(2024江苏百校联考)ChenBingwasthefirst

(show)theclassicmovesoftaichiintheintroductionfilmthatwassubmittedtoUNESCO.3.(2024江苏镇江模拟)Itisthelocalpeople’sdesiretoprotectthelocalhistoricalcharacteristicsthatleadstothebuildings

(preserve)tothisday.

toenrichadoptingtoshowbeingpreserved4.(2024广东六校模拟)Astonetablet(牌匾)

(date)backtotheyear1693,whichfallswithintheQingDynasty(1644—1911),wasdiscoveredinDaming

County,northChina’sHebei

Province,saidlocalauthorities.

5.(2024黑龙江齐齐哈尔模拟)Villagers,

(fear)thatthewildpigsmayunexpectedlyentertheiryardsandcauseharm,tookradical(极端的)action.6.(2024福建龙岩一中模拟)

(base)onsuchinformation,Duandrawsthefamilytreesofthetigers.

datingfearingBased7.(2024河南焦作模拟)DressedinadarkblueTaoist(道家服)withablackclothbagandseverallongbags

(contain)dongxiaoandchiba—twokindsoftraditionalChinesebamboomusicalinstruments—hesaidhealwayswearsaTaoistuniformandcarriesalongadongxiaoforpracticewhereverhegoes.

8.(2024广东湛江模拟)Themovies

(list)inthebookwerecreatedbetweenthe1950sand1970s,

(major)honoringheroesoftheCommunistPartyofChinaorrevisitingtheearlydevelopmentofNewChina.

containinglistedmajorly9.(2024广东湛江模拟)HighlightedexamplesincludeSparklingRedStar,whichfollowsthejourneyofan11-year-oldboyriskinghislife

(join)thefightagainstJapaneseinvadersintheearly1930s,andWomanBasketballPlayerNo.5,whichcombinesabasketballcoach’spersonalfatewiththedevelopmentofthesport.

10.(2024山西吕梁模拟)By

(show)thedevelopmentoffonts(字体),theexhibitiongavevisitorsanoverviewofthemoderndevelopmentofChinesecharacters.

tojoinshowingⅡ.语法与写作1.(2023全国甲卷,书面表达)作为中国宋代著名的作家和政治家,范仲淹因其对社会的巨大贡献而受到高度赞赏。(过去分词短语作状语)2.(2023全国甲卷,书面表达)他不遗余力地进行了一系列改革,以使他的国家繁荣起来。(动词不定式作目的状语)KnownasafamousChinesewriterandpoliticianintheSongDynasty,Fan

Zhongyanwashighlyappreciatedbecausehemadegreatcontributionstosociety.Hesparednoefforttocarryoutaseriesofreformstomakehiscountryprosperous.3.(2022全国甲卷)6月8日的世界海洋日旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。(动词-ing形式短语作定语)4.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)看着他的眼睛,我告诉他他已经训练了很多,所以不要放弃。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)5.(2021浙江卷,应用文写作)我强烈推荐你参观这个展览,我相信你会学到很多关于中国文化和艺术的知识。(动词-ing形式作宾语)WorldOceanDay,fallingonJune8th,isaimedatraisingawarenessofoceanconservation.Lookinghimintheeye,Itoldhimnottogiveupafterhehadtrainedalot.Ihighlyrecommendvisitingthisexhibition,whereIamsureyouwilllearnalotaboutChinesecultureandart.Ⅲ.语法填空(非谓语动词专练)Doyoulike1.

(travel)?2.

(stay)healthywhile3.

(travel)canhelptoensureyourtripisahappyandenjoyableone.H