人教版高考英语一轮复习选择性必修3UNIT4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE课件

UNIT4

ADVERSITYANDCOURAGE研考点核心突破目录索引

强基础语基自测12测效果课堂评价3研真题链接高考4强基础语基自测默写查验一、核心单词1.__________

adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的

2.__________

vi.(__________,__________)沉没;下沉;下降vt.使下沉;使沉没

3.__________

n.毯子

4.__________

adj.痛苦的;令人难受的

5.__________adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的

6.__________

adj.深入的;彻底的;细致的

bittersinksank/sunksunkblanketmiserablegenuinethorough7.__________

n.家具

8.__________

vi.&n.(狗)吠叫;吠叫声

9.__________

n.球拍;蝙蝠vi.&vt.用球板击球;挥打;拍打

10.__________adj.潮湿的;湿气重的

11.__________n.侄子;外甥

12.__________

adj.汹涌的;粗糙的;粗略的

13.__________

n.候选人;应试者

furniturebarkbatdampnephewroughcandidate二、派生单词1.____________adj.热情的;热心的→________________

adv.热情地→____________n.热情;热忱

2.____________

vt.分派;布置;分配→____________

n.任务;作业;分配

3.____________n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神→____________vi.坚持;孜孜以求

4.____________

vi.&vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难)

n.决心;坚定的信念→____________

n.决议;解决;坚定

enthusiasticenthusiasticallyenthusiasmassignassignmentperseverancepersevereresolveresolution5.____________adj.残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的→____________

adv.残忍地;残酷地→____________

n.残忍;残酷

6.____________adv.不幸地;遗憾地→____________(反)adv.幸运地→____________

n.运气;财产→____________adj.幸运的

7.____________

n.指导;引导;导航→____________

n.导游;指南vt.带领;引导;为……领路

8.____________n.承诺;保证;奉献→___________

vt.犯(错误、罪行等)

vi.&vt.(使)承担义务;(使)作出保证→____________adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的

cruelcruellycrueltyunfortunatelyfortunatelyfortunefortunateguidanceguidecommitmentcommitcommitted三、重点短语1.______________拒绝(某人)

2.______________生火3.______________放出(热、光、气味或气体)4.______________梦想5._____________________保持某人高昂的情绪6._____________________对……充满热情turnsbdownmakefiregiveoffdreamof/aboutkeepone'sspiritsupbeenthusiasticabout7.____________________陷于8.____________________扔掉9.____________________使某人振作起来10.____________________每况愈下11.____________________对……厌倦12.____________________回报某人become/bestuckinthrowawaycheersbupgofrombadtoworsebeboredwithpaysbback四、典型句式1.感叹句教材原句:How

everyone

will

envy

mewhenIcomebackandtellthemabouttheamazingplacesIhavebeento!2.as...as...教材原句:HowcouldIbecomeasselfishandbad-temperedasThomasOrde-Lees!3.as

long

as

只要教材原句:Itwilleventuallyleadtosuccessas

long

as

you

persevere.4.if引导的虚拟条件句教材原句:Ifitweren'tforseaanimals,we

would

all

starve.语境应用Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.WhenIlearnedthatIfailedintheexam,myheart__________(sink).

2.Shewassittinginanarmchairwith__________(blanket)wrappedaroundher.

3.Whenshearrivedhomefromwork,thedogthrewitselfagainstthedoorand__________(bark)madlyather.

sank/sunkblanketsbarked4.Lookatthecat,which____________________(bat)theballoonwithitspaw.

5.Wehavenarroweddownthelisttofour__________(candidate).

6.Oliverhadneverseenadirtieror________________(miserable)place.

7.Shehasthree__________(nephew),oneofwhomworksabroad.

8.The__________(rough)roadisoftentheonethatleadsyoutothetop.

isbattingcandidatesmoremiserablenephewsroughestⅡ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.TodayIamas______________aboutmyjobasthefirstdayandmy______________enablesmetotreatmyjob______________.(enthusiastic)

2.Believeitornot,myhusbandwas__________tomeandhis__________

alwaysmademeinlowspirits.(cruel)

3._____________,hereceivedalarge__________fromhisunclewhoiswarm-heartedandgenerous.(fortunate)

4.He____________himselftoworkingdayandnight.His____________wonhimagreatreputation.(commit)

enthusiasticenthusiasmenthusiasticallycruelcrueltyFortunatelyfortunecommittedcommitment5.He__________withhisviolinlessons.Itwashis________________thatenabledhimtobecomeadistinguishedviolinist.(persevere)

6.Underthe__________ofthequalified__________,wetraveledaroundtheplacesofinterestveryhappily.(guide)

7.He__________metothedifficult_____________,soIcouldn'twasteanytime.(assign)

8.Insteadof__________toloseweight,tryapractical__________:“I'llstophavingdessertforlunch.”(resolve)resolutionperseveredperseveranceguidanceguideassignedassignmentresolvingⅢ.用左栏所给短语的正确形式填空

1.Shetriedto____________________thedisappointedchildwhenhefailedtowintheprize.

2.Williamwantedtojointhebasketballteam,butthecoach__________him__________forhisbeingshort.

3.Nancyandhersisterpickedsomebranches,_______________andprepareddinnerintheopenair.

cheerupturneddownmadefire4.Themandecidedtoquitdrinkingwhenherealisedhishealthwas________________________.

5.Theircar____________________themud,andtheyhadnochoicebuttowaitforhelp.

6.Tothemanager'sastonishment,allthestaff________________________theproject.wereenthusiasticaboutgoingfrombadtoworsewasstuckinⅣ.微写作1.这对双胞胎给妈妈带来了多愉悦的惊喜啊!______________________________thetwinsgavetothemother!

2.我一直和我的同学相处得不好,我不知道如何和他们一样热情地交流。Ihavebeengettingon/alongbadlywithmyclassmatesandIdon'tknow________________________________________________.

3.只要我们人类肩并肩行动起来,“携手并进,共创未来”的口号就能够实现。_____________________________shouldertoshoulder,themotto“Togetherforasharedfuture”willcometrue.

4.如果我听从了他的建议,我就已经实现目标了。____________________________,Iwouldhaveachievedmygoal.IfIhadfollowedhisadviceWhatadelightfulsurprisehowtocommunicateasenthusiasticallyastheydoAslongaswehumanstakeaction研考点核心突破核心词汇突破1.turn

down

拒绝;调低(音量)[练会]单句语法填空①Ifyouturn__________,youmightfinditeasiertogettosleep.

②Don'tworry,and

I'msureyourmissingglasseswillturn________soonerorlater.③Notknowinghowtodealwiththeproblem,Iturned__________theteacherforhelp.原因状语

overupto[写美]词汇和句式升级·背诵④Becausehedidn'tmakefullpreparationsfortheinterview,hewasrefused.→______________________________________________________,hewas____________________.(非谓语动词作原因状语)turneddownNothavingmadefullpreparationsfortheinterview归纳turn

over

移交;翻转turn

out

关掉;熄灭;在场;结果是turn

up

开大,调高;出现turn

to

转向;求助于点津如果宾语为代词,需要把代词放在turn与down之间。佳句He

promised

that

he

would

come,but

he

hasn't

turned

up

yet.他承诺会来,但还没出现。2.enthusiastic

adj.热情的;热心的→enthusiasm

n.热情;热忱→enthusiastically

adv.热情地;热心地[练会]单句语法填空①Heisselfishandbad-tempered;thus,hewillneverbeenthusiastic__________helpingthoseintrouble.

②(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Inspiredbythe____________(enthusiastic)andencouragement,Davidquickenedhisspaceinhighspirit.③我不仅热情而且容易相处,这使得我适合报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。(应用文之申请信)________________________________________________________,whichmakesmequalifiedforthevoluntaryworkadvertisedinthenewspaper.

情绪高涨地

Iamnotonlyenthusiasticbutalsoeasytogetalongwithaboutenthusiasm归纳(1)be

enthusiastic

about(doing)

sth

对(做)……热情(2)

lack/full

of

enthusiasm缺乏/充满热情with

enthusiasm热情地佳句(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Bernard

and

John

still

made

popcorn

enthusiastically/with

enthusiasm

in

spite

of

several

failures.尽管失败了几次,伯纳德和约翰仍然热情地做爆米花。3.aboard

adv.&

prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→board

vt.&

vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)

n.木板;董事会;伙食→broad

adj.宽阔的;广阔的→abroad

adv.在/到国外;在/到海外[练会]微写作①得知你将去国外深造,我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。(应用文之告知信)__________________________________________,I'mwritingtoinformyouofsomenecessarydosanddon'ts.告知信常用开头语

Learningthatyouwillgoabroadforfurtherstudy[写美]一句多译·背诵②这对年轻夫妇一上船,他们就吃东西、说话、大笑着,好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。→Theinstant______________________________________,theywereeating,talkingandlaughingloudlyasiftheyweretheonlypeopleintheworld.(aboard)

→Theinstant______________________________,theywereeating,talkingandlaughingloudlyasiftheyweretheonlypeopleintheworld.(board)theyoungcoupleboardedtheshiptheyoungcouplewentaboardtheship归纳(1)go

aboard上船(飞机、火车等)(2)on

board

在船(火车或飞机)上go

abroad出国佳句The

plane

crashed,killing

all

200

people

aboard.飞机失事﹐机上200人全部遇难。He

was

tall

with

broad

shoulders

and

a

beard

and

always

wore

a

broad

smile.(读后续写之外貌描写)他高个、宽肩、留着胡子,总是满面微笑。4.envy

n.&

vt.羡慕;忌妒→envious

adj.嫉妒的;羡慕的[练会]单句语法填空①Iwasgreen_________envybecauseshewasreallydressedtotheteethattheparty.(读后续写之情感描写)②I__________(envy)himbeingenthusiasticandfullofvigouranditseemedthatheneverfeltexhausted.

Iam__________(envy)ofyou,becauseyouareleadingsuchacosyanddecentlife.穿着华丽

withenviedenvious[写美]微写作·背诵④老实说,我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号,我应该向你学习。Honestlyspeaking,I______________________________theExcellentGraduateandIshouldfollowyourexample.doenvyyougettingthetitleof归纳(1)envy

sb(doing)

sth

羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事(2)with

envy羡慕地;嫉妒地green

with

envy嫉妒地眼红(3)

be

envious

of羡慕,嫉妒佳句Not

only

is

Li

Ming

quickat

learning

but

also

he

is

good

at

solving

tough

problems

with

logical

mind.I

am

green

with

envy.李明不仅学得快,而且善于用逻辑思维解决难题,我都有点眼红了。部分倒装

5.abandon

vt.放弃;遗弃;抛弃→abandoned

adj.被遗弃的;放纵的[练会]单句语法填空①Iheardthatyouhadabandoned__________(carry)outtheplanbecauseofthelackofmoney.

②Wesang,danced,andlaughed__________abandon,forgettingthetroublesinourlives.(读后续写之情感描写)

[写美]写作·背诵③他最后一句话深深地伤了她的心。她大哭起来,陷入绝望。(读后续写之情感描写)Hislastwordwentlikeabullettoherheart.______________________________________________.Sheburstintotearsandabandonedherselftodespaircarryingwith归纳(1)abandon

doing

sth

放弃做某事abandon

oneself

to/be

abandoned

to(doing)

sth

沉湎于(做)……(2)with

abandon放纵地;放任地佳句(2022全国乙卷)Lacking

self-discipline,they

may

abandon

themselves/be

abandoned

to

playing

online

games.他们缺乏自律,可能会沉湎于玩网络游戏。★补遗缺

微点练全Ⅰ.一词多义roughA.汹涌的;风浪很大的B.崎岖的C.粗略的

D.艰难的E.粗鲁的①Ican'ttoleratesailinginroughsea.

②He'shadareallyroughtimerecently.

③(2023全国甲卷)ThewesternhalfoftheU.S.wasfullofgrizzlieswhenEuropeanscame,witharoughnumberof50,000ormorelivingalongsideNativeAmericans.

④Theiceontheroughroadhasmeltedanditissafetodriveonitnow.

⑤Heissucharoughchildthathedoesn'tbehavehimself.

ADCBEⅡ.教材熟词生义1.freeze项目意义例句熟义vi.&vt.________________Waterfreezestoiceatatemperatureof0℃.vi.____________________

Mostsoupsfreezewell.生义vi.________________________

Freeze,or

I'llfire.vi.________________________

Myoldbicyclewassorustythatthegearshadfrozen.vt.________________________________________________

Thegovernmenthasfrozenpensionsuntiltheendofnextyear.(使)冻结,(使)结冰冷冻保存(食物)(尤指出于恐惧等)停住不动

(引擎或锁)卡住,堵塞

阻止……增长;冻结

使(工资、物价等)固定不变,2.Low项目意义例句熟义adj.__________

Whenwewentskiing,Ionlywentonthelowerslopes.adj.________________TheyspokeinlowvoicessoIwouldnothearwhattheyweresaying.生义adj.________________________Illnessofanysortcanleaveyoufeelinglow.adj.______________

Ihaveaverylowopinionofhim.低劣的,劣等的低的;矮的(声)低的,小的忧郁的,情绪低落的,消沉的重点句型透视if引导虚拟条件句[教材原句]If

it

weren'tforseaanimals,we

wouldallstarve.如果没有海洋动物,我们都会饿死。[练会]单句语法填空①Ifmybrotherwerehere,everything__________(be)allright.

②Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey____________________(drive)afewmorekilometers.

Ifit____________________________(rain)thisafternoon,thebasketballmatchwouldbeputoff.

wouldbehaddrivenrained/shouldrain/weretorain[写美]微写作·背诵④受邀在这里做演讲我感到荣幸。今天我的演讲主题是“如果我是一名环卫工人”。如果我是一名环卫工人,我会让我们的城市更干净,街上没有任何垃圾。(应用文之演讲稿)Ifeelhonoredtobeinvitedheretodeliveraspeech.Todaythetopicofmyspeechis“____________________”.______________________________

withnorubbishlyingonthestreet.IfIwereadustman,IwouldmakeIfIwereadustmanourcitycleaner归纳

虚拟情况

从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反过去完成时would/should/could/might+have+过去分词与将来事实相反一般过去时(be用were);should+动词原形:were

to+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形佳句If

I

saw/were

to

see/should

see

him

tomorrow,I

would

inform

him

of

the

good

news

that

I

ranked

first

in

the

competition

held

yesterday.如果我明天看到他,我就会告诉他我在昨天举行的比赛中获得了第一名的好消息。测效果课堂评价Ⅰ.单句语法填空——分层级强化高频考点A组

基础必练1.WhenIsubmittedtheregulationsIdesignedtomyboss,heturnedme__________immediately.

2.Ourmonitorisenthusiastic__________creatingaharmoniouscampusandheoftenlaunchessomecampaignstopromoteit.

3.Wehaveresolved____________________(reduce)ourcarbonfootprintbyrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.

4.IpromisethatIwillbeloyal__________theenterpriseandIwillneverquitmyjob.

5.Ridingbicyclesbenefitstheenvironmentalconservationbecausetheywon'tgive__________wastegases.downabouttoreducetooffB组

高考链接6.(2023全国乙卷)IthinkI'mwellqualified__________theaccountantpositionhere.

7.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Youcandownloadthe__________(apply)andsubscribetodaytogetyourfirstissuefree.

8.(2022新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseunderthe__________(guide)ofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.

9.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷)_____________(fortunately),ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.

10.(2020江苏卷改编)AndtensofmillionsinAfricaandAsiacanseebecauseofthe_____________(commit)Wilsonmadetopreventingthepreventable.commitmentforapplicationguidanceUnfortunatelyⅡ.语篇填空——语境中应用单元要点Onehundredyearsago,exploringtheAntarcticwasdangerous.Becauseofthe1.________(cruel)ofweatherandverylittleknowledgeofhowtosurviveintheAntarctic,thechancesofsuccesswerequiteslimandmanyexplorers2._________(die).Thepeople3.__________signedupforsuchvoyageswerepaidlow4.__________(wage)andhadtotoleratepoorworkingconditionsandrough

seas,alongwiththecoldanddamp

weather.Theyalsohadtohaveastrongresolution5._________(finish)whattheyhadstartednomatterhowharditwas,greatpersonaldiscipline,andafirm6.______________(commit)totheothermembersoftheteam.Yet,many

7.____________________(candidate)stillappliedcommitmentcrueltydiedwhowagestofinishcandidates8.________(join)suchexplorations.Somemighthavewantedtobecomefamous.Others

9.______________(look)forrewards.However,the

motiveformanywas10.________________(experience)agreatadventure.

toexperiencetojoinwerelookingⅢ.话题微写作——场景中提升写作技能(黑体部分用本单元词汇表达)续写微情景

第一步

单句写作1.得知儿子汤姆沉湎于电脑游戏,妈妈的心一沉,接着伤心地哭了起来。(abandon,sink,bitterly)Learningthatherson,Tom,______________________________________,__________________________andthenshe____________________.

2.她勃然大怒,厉声质问汤姆,“你一直都是一个如此好脾气、真诚、热情、忠诚的男孩子,其他人都羡慕你。”(bark,good-tempered,genuine,enthusiastic,loyal,envy)Sheexplodedwithangerand_____________________,“Youarealwayssuch_____________________________________________________________.”

weptbitterlywasabandonedtocomputergamesthemother'sheartsankagood-tempered,genuine,enthusiasticandloyalboythatothersenvyyoubarkedquestionsatTom3.汤姆痛苦地抽泣道:“我不知道如何解决上次考试完全失败的问题。”(miserably,resolve)Tom____________________,“Idon'tknowhowto______________________________inthelastexam.”

4.听到这里,妈妈冲向汤姆,把他揽入怀中,拍着他的后背,喃喃细语道:“如果你致力于学习,你会取得更大进步的。”(commit)Hearingthis,themotherhurriedtoTom,gatheredhimintoherarmsandpattedhimontheback,murmuring,“If______________________________,youcanmakemuchmoreprogress.”resolvethecompletefailuresobbedmiserablyyouarecommittedtoyourstudy第二步

句式升级5.用aslongas改写句4。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hearingthis,themotherhurriedtoTom,gatheredhimintoherarmsandpattedhimontheback,murmuring,“Aslongasyouarecommittedtoyourstudy,youcanmakemuchmoreprogress.”第三步

连句成篇(注意使用恰当的衔接词)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Learningthatherson,Tom,was

abandonedtocomputergames,the

mother'sheartsankandthensheweptbitterly.Then,sheexplodedwithangerandbarkedquestionsatTom,“Youarealwayssuchagood-tempered,genuine,enthusiasticandloyalboythatothersenvyyou.”Tomsobbedmiserably,“I

don'tknowhowtoresolvethecompletefailureinthelastexam.”Hearingthis,themotherhurriedtoTom,gatheredhimintoherarmsandpattedhimontheback,murmuring,“Aslongasyouarecommittedtoyourstudy,you

canmakemuchmoreprogress.”研真题链接高考(2022全国乙卷,阅读理解C)——无人机技术在铁路方面的应用Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'

efforts.Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.一、理清脉络

二、真题再做28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones'abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones'reliableperformanceinremoteareas.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,无人机目前正在被用来检查高压电线,这使得它将被应用于铁路系统成为可能。故选A项。A29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“to

inspect

and

repair

the

rail

infrastructure”可以推断出,画线单词指的就是“维修,维护”。故选C项。C30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知,人们期盼铁路无人机在未来能够提供预先警报,确保列车能及时应对问题,