2024年高考第二次模拟考试题：英语（北京卷） （解析版）

2024年高考英语第二次模拟考试

高三英语

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需

改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试

卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分知识运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上

将该项涂黑。

Iwasreadytopayformybananasatthegroceryonenight,whenfearseizedme.Mywalletwasgone.

IcouldonlyhaveleftitontheG9bus,whichwasnowspeedinginthedarktosome]station.

The2momentwasquicklyfollowedbymentalmath.Howmuchtimeandmoneywouldit

costtoreplacethecontentsofthatlittlewallet?Thecreditcards,thedriver'slicense,thecash,alllostto

thebus.

Twohourslater,backatmyhouse,Iheardaknockonthedoor.Myhusband3itwhileI

wasonthephoneinthediningroom."DoesJenniferlivehere?”Iheardaladysay.Inmyhusband'shand

wasmywallet,withnotapennymissing.SheleftbeforeIcould4makeittothedoortooffer

mythanks.

Aftersharingthestoryonline,Iheardfromsomeone,whoidentifiedtheladyasErinSmith.Without

5,Icalledtothankher.Shesaidshe6mywalletonabusseat.Shecalculatedthatgoingto

astranger9shousewasa7move,butshedecidedtotakethechance.64IfIwereinthatsituation,

Iwouldwantsomeonetotrytofindme."shesaid.

Thisonestrangerrespondedbeautifullytomysmall8butsheactuallywasn'ttheonlyone.

RightafterErintookpossessionofmywalletonthebus,shepostedapictureofmydriver'slicensetoan

onlineforum（论坛），tryingtoseeifanyoneknewme.NosoonerdidsheleavemydoorstepthanIhad

emailsfromtwowomenwhosekidsgotomyson'snurseryandwhorecognizedmyface.I'venever

exchangedwordswiththosemomsbeyondsmalltalk,buttheywantedtohelp.Ireadthatpeoplearemore

dividedthanever,butthafsnothowthepeopleI9tendtoact.

Lookingback,Ifeelblessedsomeonehadwantedtohelpastranger.Erinhadgonebeyondwhat

almostanyonewouldhavedone,findingmyhouseonabitterlycoldnight,andforthatIwasextremely

10____.

1.A.accessibleB.unknownC.familiarD.convenient

2.A.face-savingB.brain-washingC.heart-stoppingD.eye-catching

3.A.ignoredB.interruptedC.examinedD.answered

4.A.stillB.everC.yetD.even

5.A.delayB.questionC.regretD.invitation

6.A.threwB.placedC.openedD.spotted

7.A.selflessB.riskyC.delightfulD.personal

8.A.crisisB.dangerC.encounterD.failure

9.A.encounterB.followC.consultD.accompany

10.A.longingB.gratefulC.concernedD.enthusiastic

【答案】

1.B2.C3.D4.D5.A6.D7.B8.A9.A10.B

【导语】本文是篇记叙文。作者在乘坐公交车时不小心丢失了钱包，没想到一位女士亲自上门将捡

到的钱包还给了他；与此同时，其他认识但不熟悉的朋友在得知这个事情后也试图帮助他，作者不

禁有着深深的感激之情。

1.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我只可能把它落在G9公共汽车上了，车子正在黑暗中加速驶向某

个未知的车站。A.accessible可到达的、可进入的；B.unknown未知的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.

convenient方便的。根据本句句意可知，作者把钱包落在公交车上了，而公交车现在还在行驶中，

作者不知道车子下一站会在哪里停，所以是未知的车站。故选B。

2.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个令人心悸的时刻之后，我心里很快就开始了算计。A.face-saving

保全面子的；B.brain-washing洗脑的；C.heart-stopping令人心悸的；D.eye-catching夺人眼球的。

根据第一段“whenfearseizedme”可知，作者发现钱包丢了时是很害怕的，所以这个时刻是令人害怕

的、令人心悸的。故选C。

3.考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我在餐厅打电话时，我丈夫开了门。A.ignored忽视；B.interrupted

打断、打扰；C.examined测验、检查；D.answered回答；answerthedoor去开门。根据上一句"Iheard

aknockonthedoor”可知有人敲门，而本句的“it”指“door"，所以这里是我丈夫去开门。故选D。

4.考查副词词义辨析。句意：我甚至还没来得及走到门口道谢，她就离开了。A.still仍然；B.ever

曾经；C.yet还、仍然；D.even甚至。根据上一句"withnotapennymissing”可知，钱包里的钱分

文未少，而作者还没来得及道谢她就走了，这里应该是一种递进关系，进一步表现了这位女士做好

事不图名利，用even（甚至）符合语境。故选D。

5.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我立刻打电话向她道谢。A.delay延迟；withoutdelay立即、毫不耽

搁；B.question问题；withoutquestion毫无疑问；C.regret遗憾、后悔；D.invitation邀请。根据

前文“SheleftbeforeIcouldevenmakeittothedoortooffermythanks.”可看出作者未能道谢，心中是

有遗憾的，所以在知道了这位女士是谁后，立即就打电话致谢。故选A。

6.考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说她在一辆公交车的椅子上发现了我的钱包。A.threw扔；B.placed

放置；C.opened打开；D.spotted发现。根据前文“IcouldonlyhaveleftitontheG9bus,“可知，作

者应该是把钱包落在了公交车上，所以这名女士应该是在公交车上发现了钱包后上门来交给了他。

故选D。

7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她盘算着去一个陌生人的家里是一个冒险的举动，但她决定冒险一

i^oA.selfless无私的；B.risky冒险的；C.delightful令人愉快的；D.personal个人的。根据句中“take

thechance"（冒险）可知，作者认为去一个陌生人的家中是有风险的。故选B。

8.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个陌生人对我的小危机做出了漂亮的回应。A.crisis危机；B.danger

危险；C.encounter偶遇；D.failure失败。根据第二段"Howmuchtimeandmoneywoulditcostto

replacethecontentsofthatlittlewallet?Thecreditcards,thedriver'slicense,thecash,alllosttothebus.^^

可知，丢了钱包会对作者造成很多困难，引起许多不便，对她而言是一次小的危机。故选A。

9.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我理解人们比以往任何时候都更加分裂，但我遇到的人往往不是这样

的。A.encounter偶遇、邂逅；B.follow跟随；C.consult咨询、请教；D.accompany陪伴。根据

前文的“Thisonestrangerrespondedbeautifullytomysmallcrisis.''和上一句"I'veneverexchanged

wordswiththosemomsbeyondsmalltalk,buttheywantedtohelp”可知，这些愿意帮助别人的人很多都

是作者偶然遇到的陌生人或是没有说过几句话的朋友，所以这里用encounter符合语境。故选A。

10.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Erin做了几乎任何人都不会做的事，在一个寒冷的夜晚找到了我

家，为此，我极其感激。A.longing渴望的；B.grateful感激的、感谢的；C.concerned关心的；

D.enthusiastic热情的。根据第四段“Icalledtothankher.”并结合本句句意可知，作者对Erin的善行

是非常感激的。故选B。

第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题L5分，共15分)

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的

空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A

Nowadays,thereexistsacommonphenomenon.Amanwalks11thesidewalk,asmartphonein

handandcompletelyabsorbedinthedigitalworld.Justas12computersachievedbefore,

smartphonesarenowchangingourlife.Iamtrulygratefulfortheconveniencebroughtbyit.But

meanwhileIfeeldeeplyanxious.Tostayinformed,IconstantlyupdatemyWeChat.

That*swhyIoftenfindJ3_(me)absent-minded.

【答案】11.on/along12.what13.myself

【解析】这是一篇说明文。智能手机正在改变我们的生活，带来许多便捷，但是也让“我”感到焦虑。

11.考查介词。句意：一名男子走在人行道上，手里拿着智能手机，完全沉浸在数字世界中。表示“走

在人行道上''可用介词on或者alongo故填on/alongo

12.考查宾语从句。句意：就像以前的电脑一样，智能手机正在改变我们的生活。宾语从句“computers

achievedbefbre”中缺少achieved的宾语，且指事物，所以应用what。故填what。

13.考查反身代词。句意：那就是我经常发现自己心不在焉的原因。主语和宾语都是“我”，所以应

用反身代词作宾语。故填myself。

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词

的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Today,thereisatrendthattheyoungstershaven'tenoughsleepduringthenight.Lackofsleepamong

childrenandteenagersinChina14(get)worseinthepasttenyears,withmorethan80percent

gettinginsufficientsleeponschooldays,areport15(publish)onMondaysaid.Chineseyoungsters

sleptanaverageof7.8hoursanightonschooldayslastyear,20minutes16(little)thanin2009,

accordingtothereportfromtheChineseAcademyofSciences'InstituteofPsychology.

【答案】14.hasgot15.published16.less

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究报告显示青少年在晚上没有足够的睡眠已经成为一种趋势。

14.考查时态。句意：本周一发布的一份报告显示，在过去十年中，我国儿童和青少年睡眠不足问

题日益严重，超过80%的儿童和青少年在校期间睡眠不足。根据句中时间状语inthepasttenyears

可知，用一般现在时。句中主语为Lackofsleep,不可数，所以谓语动词用has。故填hasgot。

15.考查非谓语动词。句意：本周一发布的一份报告显示，在过去十年中，我国儿童和青少年睡眠

不足问题日益严重，超过80%的儿童和青少年在校期间睡眠不足。名词report与publish之间为被动

关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填published。

16.考查短语。句意：中国科学院心理研究所的一份报告显示，去年，中国青少年在校期间每晚的

平均睡眠时间为7.8小时，比2009年减少了20分钟。lessthan少于。故填less。

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词

的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Whywastheoxchosentobeoneofthe12Chinesezodiacsigns（生肖）？Centuriesago,mostpeople

17（earn）theirlivingthroughfarming.Today,thephrase"thespiritofox"stillreferstoovercoming

anything18maypresentitselfasanobstacle（障碍）.Thespirit19（praise）highlyandmanypeople

followitastheirworkprinciple.Whensomeoneachievesagreataccomplishment（成就）throughhard

work,peopleoftenuse"niu",meaning"awesome"20（describe）himorher.

【答案】17.earned18.that19.ispraised20.todescribe

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对“牛”的精神和内涵进行了介绍。

17.考查一般过去时。句意：几个世纪以前，大多数人靠务农为生。根据Centuriesago可知，此处

应用一般过去时。故填earnedo

18.考查定语从句。句意：今天，“牛精神”仍然是指克服任何可能出现的障碍。定语从句“maypresent

itselfasanobstacle”中缺少主语，且先行词anything为不定代词，所以只能用关系代词that。故填that。

19.考查被动语态和一般现在时。句意：这种精神受到高度赞扬，许多人把它作为他们的工作原则。

动词praise意为“表扬”，和主语spirit构成被动关系。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填is

praisedo

20.考查todo不定式。句意：当某人通过努力工作取得了巨大成就时，人们经常使用“牛”（意思是

“令人敬畏的”）来描述他或她。表示用“牛”来描述他或她，应用todo不定式表目的。故填todescribe。

第二部分阅读理解（共两节,38分）

第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Althoughtravellingalonemaysounddiscouraging,solotraveliscontinuingtoriseinpopularity.

Theremaybenumerousreasonswhysomeoneistravellingindependently.Hereareourtopreasonsto

travelbyyourself.

Timeforyou

Somepeoplesaysolotravelisthecomfortandrelaxationofhavingyourveryown.However,for

thoselookingforsomemoreadventurous"me-time,“solotoursalsotypicallyofferplentyoffreetimeto

goitalone.Duringyourtimeatleisure,youhavethefreedomtodoyourownexploration,seethesights

youwanttoseeorsimplyrelaxandtakeiteasy.Withno-onetocompromisewith,ifstotallyuptoyou.

Meetlike-mindedpeople

Solotraveldoesn'tmeanyouhavetotravelalone.Solotravelerscomefromallwalksoflife,butthey

usuallyallsharethesamepassion-adesiretoseetheworld!It'softenthepeopleyoumeetonholiday

thatarethemaxhighlightoftheentiretripand,eventhoughyou'retravellingalone,you'llhaveamazing

memoriesofthesharedexperiencesyouhadtogetherwithpeopleinyourgroup.Takeplentyofpicturesto

rememberforever.

You'llneverbealone

Grouptravelisidealforsolotravelersasitofferstheopportunitytoagroupoflike-mindedpeople,

eachinterestedintheirchosendestination.Beingpartofagroupprovidesextrasecurity(especiallykeyfor

independentfemaletravelerswhomayfeelanxiousaboutbeingontheirown)andforeveryonethereisthe

benefitofanexpertlocalguidewhoiskeentosharetheirknowledge.Theguidesalsoaccompanyyouon

toursandcanoffersuggestionsonwhattoseeanddoinyourleisuretimetoensureyouhaveanauthentic

andenjoyableexperience.

So,ifyourfriendsandfamilyareunabletojoinyouonyourdreamholiday,don'tletthatstopyou.

TravelDepartmentisdelightedtopartnerwithReader'sDigestandoffertheirreadersanexclusive

discounton20232024holidays.Todiscussanyquestionsormakeabookingsimplycall0203966

0527.

21.Whatisthebestpartoftheentiresolotrip?

A.Thebeautifulsceneryontheway.B.Thefreedomtochooseyourdestination.

C.Thepeopleyoumeetduringthetrip.D.Thepicturesyoutakealongtheway.

22.Whatcanalocalguideoffer?

A.Protectionandsecuritymeasures.B.Companyandpersonalizedsuggestions.

C.Knowledgeandleisureactivities.D.Freedomandenjoyableexperience.

23.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Toeducate.B.Toexplain.C.Toadvertise.D.Toinstruct.

【答案】21.C22.B23.C

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要说明了应该单独旅行的三个理由。

21.细节理解题o根据第三段“It飞oftenthepeopleyoumeetonholidaythatarethemaxhighlightofthe

entiretripand,eventhoughyou'retravellingalone,you'Hhaveamazingmemoriesoftheshared

experiencesyouhadtogetherwithpeopleinyourgroup.（通常你在假期遇到的人是整个旅行的最大亮

点，即使你是一个人旅行，你也会和你的团队成员一起分享你的经历）”可知，整个独自旅行最棒的

部分是旅途中遇到的人。故选C。

22.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"Beingpartofagroupprovidesextrasecurity（especiallykeyfor

independentfemaletravelerswhomayfeelanxiousaboutbeingontheirown）andforeveryonethereisthe

benefitofanexpertlocalguidewhoiskeentosharetheirknowledge.Theguidesalsoaccompanyyouon

toursandcanoffersuggestionsonwhattoseeanddoinyourleisuretimetoensureyouhaveanauthentic

andenjoyableexperience.（作为团体的一部分提供了额外的安全保障（特别是对于独立的女性旅行者

来说，她们可能会对自己感到焦虑），对每个人来说，都有一个热衷于分享知识的专业当地导游的好

处。导游也会陪你一起旅行，并为你提供一些建议，告诉你在闲暇时间该看什么、做什么，以确保

你有一个真实而愉快的经历）”可知，当地导游能提供陪伴和个性化的建议。故选B。

23.推理判断题。根据最后一段“So,ifyourfriendsandfamilyareunabletojoinyouonyourdream

holiday,don'tletthatstopyou.TravelDepartmentisdelightedtopartnerwithReader'sDigestandoffer

theirreadersanexclusivediscounton20232024holidays.Todiscussanyquestionsormakea

bookingsimplycall02039660527.（所以，如果你的朋友和家人不能加入你的梦想假期，不要让它阻

止你。旅游部很高兴与读者文摘合作，为读者提供2023年和2024年假期的独家折扣。讨论任何问

题或预订只需拨打02039660527）”可推知，文章的目的是做广告。故选C。

B

WhenFionaAllenwasseven,herparentstookhertothetheatretoseeaproductionTheHouseat

PoohCorner.Instantly,Allenfellinlove.Butalthoughshetookpartinschoolandcollegeplays,shenever

thoughtitcouldleadtoacareer.Instead,shestudiedbusinessatuniversity,workingfortheLandRegister

ofScotlanduntilsheretiredin2012.Hernewlyfreetimereignited（重新点燃）adecades-oldspark."Istill

wantedtodosomethingwithmybrainsoIwentbacktouniversitytostudytheatreandperformance,9,says

Allen.

Thatyear,shetookpartinafolkdramaworkshopanddiscoveredmumming,anancientmaskedform,

inwhichmaleactorstravelthroughvillages,performingsimpleplays,ofteninexchangeforfoodorshelter.

“It'sasimplerstorythanconventionalplays.Ithasonecentralconflictratherthanslowcharacter

development.Ifsrootedinhistoryandinvolvesmoreimprovisation（艮口席仓4作）becausetheplayisalways

tailoredtoalocalaudience,9,saysAllen.

InterestgrewandAllensetuphergroup——theMeadowsMummers——asacharity,toattractwider

supportanddonations.Itsfirstperformancewasin2015,attheMeadowsfestivalinEdinburgh.Things

snowballedfromthere.AswellastouringcentralScotland,thegroupwenttotheInternationalMumming

SymposiumandUnconventioninGloucestershirein2016,andlearnedmoreaboutthehistoryoffolk

drama.

Morerecently,lifecircumstanceshavemadeperformingdifficult."I'vehadhealthproblems.She

saysthat,attimes,shehasconsideredgivingup,butgetstoomuchjoyfromdoingittostop."We'vejust

doneoneperformancethisyearbutI'mreallyexcitedthatwe'regettingreadyformorefestivalsnext

year.”

Thedrivetokeepgoingisinspiredbyanexperiencemorethan30yearsago."Iwasinanationalpark

inYugoslaviawhenIsawawomanstaringattentivelyatthisgreenriver,“shesays."Shetoldmeshewas

goingblindandwantedtherivertobethelastbeautifulthingsheeversaw."Wheneverdoubtcreepsin（不

知不觉产生）,Allenrecallsthatencounterandfeelsforcedtocontinuegraspinglifewithbothhands."Just

becauseyou'vereached60,itdoesn'tmeanthedrawbridgehasbeenpulledup,“saysAllen.

24.WhydidAllenstudytheatreandperformanceafterretirement?

A.Toearnadegree.B.Totakeupherinterest.

C.Topleaseherparents.D.Tofindabetterjob.

25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkaboutconcerningmumming?

A.Itsfeatures.B.Itshistory.C.Itssignificance.D.Itsprospect.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"snowballed“inparagraph3mean?

A.Developed.B.Collapsed.C.Stuck.D.Froze.

27.WhatdoesAllenintendtotellusbytheencounter?

A.Artislong,lifeisshort.B.Romanwasnotbuiltinaday.

C.Wherethere?sawill,thereisaway.D.Weshouldtrytoliveinthemoment.

【答案】24.B25.A26.A27.D

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了FionaAllen退休后重拾以前的兴趣，参加了一个民间戏

剧研讨会，随着兴趣的增长，艾伦成立了她的团体——梅多斯戏迷——作为一个慈善组织，以吸引

更广泛的支持和捐赠。

24.细节理解题。根据第一段“Hernewlyfreetimereignited（重新点燃）adecades-oldspark.4CIstill

wantedtodosomethingwithmybrainsoIwentbacktouniversitytostudytheatreandperformance,9,says

Allen.（她最近的空闲时间重新点燃了几十年前的火花。“我仍然想用我的大脑做点什么，所以我回到

大学学习戏剧和表演，，，艾伦说），，可知，艾伦退休后学习戏剧和表演是为了重拾兴趣。故选B。

25.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thatyear,shetookpartinafolkdramaworkshopanddiscovered

mumming,anancientmaskedform,inwhichmaleactorstravelthroughvillages,performingsimpleplays,

ofteninexchangeforfoodorshelter."It'sasimplerstorythanconventionalplays.Ithasonecentral

conflictratherthanslowcharacterdevelopment.Ifsrootedinhistoryandinvolvesmoreimprovisation（BP

席创作）becausetheplayisalwaystailoredtoalocalaudience,“saysAllen.（那一年，她参加了一个民间

戏剧研讨会，并发现了一种古老的蒙面表演——戴面具化装表演（mumming）,男演员穿梭于村庄,

表演简单的戏剧，通常以换取食物或住所「这是一个比传统戏剧更简单的故事。它有一个中心冲突,

而不是缓慢的角色发展。它根植于历史，包含更多的即兴创作，因为戏剧总是为当地观众量身定制，”

艾伦说户可知，第二段主要讲了戴面具化装表演（mumming）的特点。故选A。

26.词句猜测题。根据戈!J线词后文“AswellastouringcentralScotland,thegroupwenttotheInternational

MummingSymposiumandUnconventioninGloucestershirein2016,andlearnedmoreaboutthehistory

offolkdrama.（除了在苏格兰中部巡回演出外，该团队还参加了2016年在格洛斯特郡举行的国际戴

面具化装表演研讨会和非大会，并了解了更多关于民间戏剧的历史）”可知，这个团队得到了很大发

展，去了很多地方演出。故划线词意思是“发展”，故选A。

27.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Thedrivetokeepgoingisinspiredbyanexperiencemorethan30years

ago.6<IwasinanationalparkinYugoslaviawhenIsawawomanstaringattentivelyatthisgreenriver,9,

shesays."Shetoldmeshewasgoingblindandwantedtherivertobethelastbeautifulthingsheever

saw.”（30多年前的一次经历激发了我们继续前进的动力。她说：“我在南斯拉夫的一个国家公园里，

看到一个女人聚精会神地盯着这条绿色的河流。”“她告诉我她快要失明了，希望这条河成为她见过

的最后一条美丽的东西"）"以及"Wheneverdoubtcreepsin（不知不觉产生）,Allenrecallsthatencounter

andfeelsforcedtocontinuegraspinglifewithbothhands.（每当疑虑袭来时，艾伦就会回忆起那次遭遇，

并感到被迫继续用双手抓住生活）”可推知，艾伦想通过这次相遇告诉我们：我们应该努力活在当下。

故选D。

C

Fromayoungage,manyofuslearnthebenefitsofbeinganextrovert-thoseindividualswhoalways

seemtobethelifeandsouloftheparty,oftenoutspokenandabletoexpresstheiropinionsfluently.

However,notallofusarewiredthatway-soisbeinganextrovertreallybetter?

Whilethinkingofanextrovert,weimagineacharacterwhoisdetermined,approachable,cheerfuland

charming.Wearetaughttoadmirethesepersonalitiesearlyon.Kidsareoftenencouragedtointeract,play

andcommunicatewithotherchildren.Itseemsattimesasthoughchildrenaremadetohaveamore

outgoinglifestyle,withsomepeoplebecomingfalseextrovertsintrovertswhocopyextrovertbehavior.

Whileexternallytheymayseemtoenjoythecompanyofothers,orbeinginthecenterofpublicattention,

theycanstillbecomeover-extendedinintensesocialsituations.

So,whilethepositiveaspectsofbeinganextrovertareplaintosee,whatarethebenefitsof

introversion?Althoughextrovertsdependonsocialinteraction,introvertsaremorecomfortablewithlevels

ofisolation.AccordingtoDrBerit,acollegeprofessor,extremeisolationsuchastimeslikethelockdown,

doesnotaffectintrovertsasmuchasextroverts.Lackofsocialcontact,somethingextrovertsrelyon,can

leadtodepression,loneliness,andevendeath.

Butifsnotjustinanextremesituationthatanintrovertshinesthrough.Thesepeopleseemtohave

moretimefordeepthoughtandthuscanbecomemorebalanced.Theyalsotendtobegoodlistenersand

thinkbeforetheyspeak,meaningtheycouldbecomegreatfriends.Finally,introvertsareoftenfantastic

observers,assittingoutofthefocuscangivethemmoretimetowatchthebehaviorofothers.

So,whateveryourpersonality,eitherintrovertorextrovert,thereareclearadvantagestobeingeither,

andifyoumeetanintrovert,youmightjustendupwithanamazingfriend.

28.WhichstatementistrueaccordingtoDrBerit?

A.Introvertsshouldlearnfromextroverts.B.Extrovertstendtobecomebetterfriends.

C.Introvertspreferstayingcutofffromothers.D.Extrovertsfindittoughertohandleisolation.

29.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellus?

A.Theinfluenceofintroverts.B.Thestrengthsofbeingintroverts.

C.Thecausesofintroverts5behavior.D.Thepersonalitiesoffalseintroverts.

30.Whafsthepurposeofthetext?

A.Tostateaviewpoint.B.Toadvocatealifestyle.

C.Tointroduceatechnique.D.Todescribeaphenomenon.

【答案】28.D29.B30.A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了外向者和内向者不同的特点和各自的优势，同时指出疫

情封锁对这两种人的影响。

28.细节理解题。根据第三段中"AccordingtoDrBerit,acollegeprofessor,extremeisolationsuchas

timeslikethelockdown,doesnotaffectintrovertsasmuchasextroverts.Lackofsocialcontact,something

extrovertsrelyon,canleadtodepression,loneliness,andevendeath.（“根据大学教授Berit博士的说法，

像封锁这样的极端孤立对内向者的影响不如外向者大。缺乏社交联系，外向者所依赖的东西，可能

会导致抑郁、孤独，甚至死亡户可知，D选项“外向的人发现很难处理孤独”正确。故选D。

29.主旨大意题。根据第四段"Butifsnotjustinanextremesituationthatanintrovertshinesthrough.

Thesepeopleseemtohavemoretimefordeepthoughtandthuscanbecomemorebalanced.Theyalso

tendtobegoodlistenersandthinkbeforetheyspeak,meaningtheycouldbecomegreatfriends.Finally,

introvertsareoftenfantasticobservers,assittingoutofthefocuscangivethemmoretimetowatchthe

behaviorofothers.（但内向的人不只是在极端情况下才会表现出色。这些人似乎有更多的时间进行深

入思考，因此可以变得更加平衡事物。他们也是很好的倾听者，说话前会三思，这意味着他们可以

成为很好的朋友。最后，内向的人往往是出色的观察者，因为远离焦点可以让他们有更多的时间观

察别人的行为）''可知，第4段主要告诉我们内向者的优势。故选B。

30.推理判断题。根据最后——段“So,whateveryourpersonality,eitherintrovertorextrovert,thereareclear

advantagestobeingeither,andifyoumeetanintrovert,youmightjustendupwithanamazingfriend.（所

以，无论你的性格是内向还是外向，都有明显的优势，如果你遇到一个内向的人，你可能会成为一

个很棒的朋友）''结合文章主要说明了外向者和内向者不同的特点和各自的优势，同时指出疫情封锁

对这两种人的影响。可推知，这篇文章的目的是陈述观点。故选A。

D

Humanresponsestomoraldilemmas（道德困境）canbeinfluencedbystatementswrittenbythe

artificialintelligencechatbotChatGPT,accordingtoastudypublishedinScientificReports.Thefindings

indicatethatusersmayundervaluetheextenttowhichtheirownmoraljudgmentscanbeinfluencedbythe

chatbot.

SebastianKrigelandcolleaguesaskedChatGPTmultipletimeswhetheritisrighttosacrifice（牺牲）

thelifeofonepersoninordertosavethelivesoffiveothers.TheyfoundthatChatGPTwroterandom

statementsarguingbothforandagainstsacrificingonelife,indicatingthatitisnotbiasedtowardsacertain

moralstance（立场）.

Theauthorsthenpresented767U.S.participants,whowereonaverage39yearsold,withadilemma

whethertosacrificeoneperson'slifetosavefiveothers.Beforeanswering,participantsreadastatement

providedbyChatGPTarguingeitherfororagainstsacrificingonelifetosavefive.Statementswerefrom

eitheramoraladvisororChatGPT.Afteranswering,participantswereaskedwhetherthestatementthey

readinfluencedtheiranswers.

Eightypercentofparticipantsreportedthattheiranswerswerenotinfluencedbythestatementsthey

read.However,theauthorsfoundthattheanswersparticipantsbelievedtheywouldhaveprovidedwithout

readingthestatementswerestillmorelikelytoagreewiththemoralstanceofthestatementtheydidread

thanwiththeoppositestance.Thisindicatesthatparticipantsmayhaveunderestimatedtheinfluenceof

ChatGPT?sstatementsontheirownmoraljudgments.

Theauthorssuggestthatthepossibilityforchatbotstoinfluencehumanmoraljudgmentshighlights

theneedforeducationtohelphumansbetterunderstandartificialintelligence.Theyproposethatfuture

researchshoulddesignchatbotsthateitherdeclinetoanswerquestionsrequiringamoraljudgmentor

answerthesequestionsbyprovidingmultipleargumentsandwarnings.

31.WhatareChatGPT9sanswerstoacertainmoralstance?

A.changeable.B.valuable.C.creative.D.simple.

32.Whatislearnedabouttheparticipants?

A.TheyadmittedthepowerofChatGPT.

B.Theywereinterviewedbyamoraladvisor.

C.TheywereaffectedbyChatGPTunknowingly.

D.Theywerepresentedwithdifferentmoraldilemmas.

33.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Differentfindingsofthestudy.B.Futurepossibilityforchatbots.

C.Majorfocusesoffutureeducation.D.Solutionstotheimpactofchatbots.

34.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ChatGPTTendstoCauseMoralPanics.

B.ChatGPT:IsItLikelytoAffectOurLife?

C.ChatGPT:WhyIsItMakingUsSoNervous?

D.ChatGPTCanInfluenceHumanMoralJudgments.

【答案】31.A32.C33.D34.D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困

境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写语句的影响。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以

及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。

31.细节理解题。根据第二段“TheyfoundthatChatGPTwroterandomstatementsarguingbothforand

againstsacrificingonelife,indicatingthatitisnotbiasedtowardsacertainmoralstance（立场）.（他们发

现，ChatGPT会随机写出支持或反对牺牲一条生命的陈述，这表明它并不偏向于某种道德立场）”可

推知，ChatGPT对某种道德立场的回复不一致，是可改变的。故选A。

32.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Thisindicatesthatparticipantsmayhaveunderestimatedtheinfluence

ofChatGPT'sstatementsontheirownmoraljudgments.（这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他

们自己道德判断的影响）”可推知，参与者在不知不觉中受到了ChatGP