-英语丨江苏省基地大联考2024届高三上学期第一次质量监测英语试卷及答案

2024届高三第一次质量监测考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求2.答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、考试号等用书写黑色0.5毫米签字笔填写在答题3.作答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题卡上的指定位置。作答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whendoesthewomanbrushherteetheveryday?A.Intheevening.B.Intheafternoon.C.Inthemorning.2.Whyisthemanexercisingsofrequently?A.Heisfree.B.Heisunhealthy.C.Helikescoldweather.3.Atwhattimedoestheconversationtakeplace?A.8:30a.m.B.9:00a.m.C.9:10a.m.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Buyingtheirdreamhouse.B.Creatinganartisticpainting.C.Finishingpreparationsfortheirnewhouse.5.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Customersinabank.B.Bankerandcustomer.C.Bankmanagerandstaff.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howlonghasthemanprobablybeenmanagingtherestaurant?A.Aboutoneyear.B.Aroundeightyears.C.Morethan20years.7.Whatisthewomanmostworriedabout?A.Theenvironment.B.Thefood.C.Theeconomy.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Inanoperatingroom.B.Inaschoolmedicaloffice.C.Inahospitalwaitingroom.9.Whatmistakedidthemanprobablymake?A.Skatinginabusystreet.B.Drivinghiscartoofast.C.Wearingaprotectivehat.10.Whatisthewoman’sadvicefortheman?A.Changehisinsurancecompany.B.Obeythetrafficsignsinpublic.C.Getanoperationtofixhisleg.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutmotorcycles?A.Theyareverydangerous.B.Theyareabituncomfortable.C.Theyaremoreconvenientthancars.12.Howlonghasthemanbeenpreparinghismotorcycletrip?A.Lessthanaday.B.Fourdays.C.Oneweek.13.Howcanthemanbedescribed?A.He’sverycareful.B.He’sadventurous.C.He’sinexperienced.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whomightthemanbe?A.Areporter.B.Afarmer.C.Agovernmentofficial.15.Whatdoesthewomanwishtodowithherextraland?A.Setupanewfarm.B.Buildhomesforherstaff.C.Plantdifferenttypesofcrops.16.Howcanthefarmersgettheirpayraised?A.Bybeingmoreefficient.B.Bysharinggoals.C.Bymakingplans.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Duringwhichseasonisthetalkprobablytakingplace?A.Winter.B.Spring.C.Summer.18.Howlongwillittakebeforethelistenersgetthejob?A.In5days.B.In10days.C.In15days.19.Whatisthemostimportantthingforthelistenerstoadaptto?A.Workinginaschool.B.Experiencingadifferentclimate.C.Communicatinginaforeignlanguage.20.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkisthemostenjoyablethingaboutlivinginShanghai?A.LearningtospeakChinese.B.Thecity’sadvancedtechnology.C.Meetingmanydifferentcultures.第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASantaClausExpressTrain—FatherChristmasisComingtoTown!RighttothecoolTrainHistoryParkofHungary.SantaClausTrainisagreattrainprogramtowelcomeSantaClauswiththekids,thistimeintheHungarianRailwayMuseum,oneofthebestmuseumswithchildren(andtrainenthusiasts)inBudapest.Eventdates:Dec8,Dec9andDec10(Sunday)in2023ThesteamengineexpresstrainwilltakethechildrenandparentsfromNyugatiTrainStationtotheRailwayMuseuminBudapest.TheOrientHalloftheTrainMuseumturnsintoafestivepartyandstagetowarmlywelcomeSantaandhishelperswhobringlotsofgoodiesandgiftsforthekids.Thereisusuallyashow,goodiebagsfromSanta,etc.BookingtheticketsfortheSantaClaustrainisfrommidOctober.AndifyoushouldbewonderingwhytheSantaClauscomessoearlyinHungary,atthebeginningofDecember,ratherthanasFatherChristmasshould,atChristmas,thefactisthatinHungary,SantaClaushasaspecialday,Dec6(StNikolaus’sday),whiletheChristmaspresentsinHungaryarebroughtbytheBabyJesus(ortheLittleAngel).Don’taskhowkidsbelievethatababyshouldbesostrong.Theydo.SoaproperHungarianSantaClaus(TelapoakaMikulas)shouldcomearoundDec6.Moreinfoaboutthespecialchildrentrain,andbookingtickets:MagyarVasúttörténetiPark(Address:95TataiWay,DistrictXIV,postcode1142/Budapest,Tataiút95.)Tel./fax:(06-1)450-1497EmailandbookingtheSantaClaustrainseats:info@vasuttortenetipark.hu21.Accordingtothepassage,parentsarerequiredto.A.bringsomegoodiesandgiftsB.booktheticketsaheadoftimeC.beenthusiasticaboutthetrainD.contactSantaClauswithkids22.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefestival?A.ItiscelebratedinthewholeEurope.B.ItisthesameasnormalChristmas.C.IthappensearlyDecemberweekend.D.Itcallsforattentiontospecialkids.23.Wheredoyouthinkthepassageistakenfrom?A.Atraveljournal.B.Atouristguide.C.Ageographytextbook.D.Apublicspeech.BLifelongdisabilityrightsactivistJenniferabandonedherwheelchairattheyoungageof8tocrawluptheCapitolsteps,forcingCongresstopassalandmarkcivilrightslawthatincreasedaccessforthosewithdisabilitiesandremovedbarriers.“DoingtheCapitolCrawl—itwasn’tjusttoclaimmyrights,butitwasalsotoclaimtherightsofmygenerationandfuturegenerationsofkidswithdisabilities,”Jennifersaid.Jenniferwasayounggirlwhohaddreamsofonedayattendingcollegeandlivingafulfillinglife.Atage2,Jenniferwasdiagnosedwithadiseasethataffectsthebrainandleavesherusingawheelchair.Jenniferwasabrightandbravegirl,yetwhensheattemptedtoattendschool,shewasarrangedtoseparateclassesforstudentswithdisabilities,regardlessofwhatshecoulddo.Shefoundherselfunabletoattendsomeschoolactivities,andaccessgovernmentbuildings.Jenniferacceptedthelimitationsofherphysicallife,butnotthelimitationsofthephysicalworldaroundher.JenniferbecameactiveincampaigningfortheAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct.Shejoinedinpeacefulprotestsand,atage7,wasarrestedinMontreal,amomentinhistorythatshockedNorthAmerica.Atage8,JennifertraveledtoWashingtonD.C.TheshybutdeterminedlittlegirlcaughttheattentionofthecountrywhenshecrawledunaideduptheCapitolsteps.Itworked.JennifermetwithCongress,andPresidentGeorgeH.W.BushsignedtheAmericanswithDisabilitiesActintolaw.Jenniferremainsanactivisttoday,makingsureallpeoplewithdisabilitiesaretreatedfairlyandhaveequalaccesstopublicplaces,schoolsandbusinesses.Theonlybarriersthatremainarethoseofviewpoints.Jenniferwantsallofustoknowthatphysicaldisabilitiesarenotabarriertofriendship,careeropportunitiesorlove.ShegraduatedfromArizonaStateUniversitywithadegreeinfamilyandhumandevelopment.Forher,likeallofus,makingadifferencebeginsonestepatatime,nomatterhowharditis.24.WhatcanweknowaboutJenniferfromthetext?A.Sheenjoyedremovingbarriersforothers.B.Shejoinedinmakingalawforthedisabled.C.Shewantedthedisabledtobeequallytreated.D.Shetriedtofightformorerightsforherself.25.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?A.Thesocietydiscriminatedagainstthedisabled.B.Thegirlhadtosubmitherselftotherealworld.C.Theschoolshowedspecialcareforthedisabled.D.Thedisabledgainedfreeaccesstopublicplaces.26.HowdidJennifergettheAmericanswithDisabilitiesActsignedintolaw?A.Bydemonstratingherdetermination.B.BytravellingtoWashingtonD.C.C.BydeliveringaspeechtoCongress.D.Byparticipatinginpeacefulprotests.27.What’stheremainingbarriertofairtreatmentforthedisabled?A.Buildingalong-timefriendship.B.Obtainingadegreeinuniversity.C.Changingpeople’sfixedmindset.D.Seizingmorecareeropportunities.CDurham,26yearsold,isoneofmanysocial-mediacareerinfluencerswhohaverisentofamebysharingtipsaboutworkwithacasual,accessibletone.Regardlessoftheirlocations,thesecontentcreatorsoftenadoptasimilarstyle:Filmingthemselvestalkingtothecameraabouttopicssuchashowtostandoutintheinterviews,negotiatesalaries,handleperformancereviewsandcommunicatewithmanagers.Whilecareercoachingisnotanewindustry,expertssaysocialmediaprovidesanewwaytodeliverthisinformationthat’sparticularlyappealingtoyoungworkersrightnow.MaryChayko,aprofessoratRutgersUniversity,saysseekingadviceonsocialmediafeelsmoreconvenientandefficienttoyoungpeople.Evenifinfluencerslacktheirownextendedprofessionaltenure(终身职位),andoftendon’tholdcoachingcertificates,expertssaytheyhavequalitiesthatmakefollowerstrustthem.Theirtransparency(透明性)makesthemfeellargelyaccessibleandeasy-going.Theircasualstyleappealstoaudiences,becauseitoffersglimpsesintowhotheyareaspeople.“Notbeingtoopolishedinthewaythatyoupresentyourselfisanotherindicatorthatyouaresomebodywhocanbetrusted,”Chaykosays.Whilesocialmediaadvicecanbemotivating,ithasitslimitations.VideosonInstagramandTikToktendtobefairlybroad,relyingongeneralizationsaboutcultureandhumanbehaviorthatmaynotapplytoaperson’sindividualsituation.Moreover,manyofthedecision-makersintheworkforcebelongtooldergenerations,meaningthatyoungworkers’abilitytounderstandthevaluesoftheseleaderswillalsobeimportant.Relyingsolelyonyoungercoachescouldnarrowtheirknowledgescope(范围).Yetforyoungworkers,followingcareerinfluencersmaybeasmuchenterprisingasitispractical.Influencersdemonstrateanidealizedworkpersona(职场人士形象),conveyingasenseofcontrolandconfidencethatmanypeoplelongforintheirprofessionallives.28.WhyisEmilyDurhammentionedinthebeginning?A.Topresentafact.B.Todescribeascene.C.Toexplainaconcept.D.Tointroducethetopic.29.WhatdoesMaryChaykotellusinparagraph2?A.Theyoungareeagerfornewcareers.B.Theyoungareaddictedtosocialmedia.C.Theyoungenjoyspreadinginformation.D.Theyoungtendtoaskforadviceonline.30.Whycancareerinfluencersappealtotheirfollowers?A.Theypossesssomecoachingcertificates.B.Theyownextendedprofessionaltenure.C.Theygivethepublicpolishedappearance.D.Theytrytobeseeminglyworthyoftrust.31.Whatdoesparagraph4focusonconcerningsocialmediacareeradvice?A.Itsbenefits.B.Itsfunctions.C.Itsshortcomings.D.Itsfeatures.DAstheworldchanges,humansencounternewthingsthatneedtobedescribedusingafixedsetofwords.Acommonstrategyistoreuseexistingwords—i.e.,wordmeaningextension.Forexample,“mouse”canrefertoacomputercontroldevicenow.Childrenalsoextendwordmeaningscreativelyastheylearntheirlanguages.Brochhagenetal.presentsevidencethattheextensionprocessthatgivesrisetonewtermsintheshorttermisthesameprocessthatgeneratespatternsbetweenlanguagesoverthelongterm.Theirfindingshavemajorimplicationsforthestudyoflanguagechangeoverevolutionaryhistory.Brochhagenetal.usedthreedifferentdatasets:adatabaseofcommonerrorsmadebychildrenwhenlearningtocommunicate,adatabaseofdocumentedhistoricalsemantic(语义的)shifts(forexample,themeaningof“viral”recentlyshiftedfrom“causedbyavirus”to“spreadingwidely”),andaglobaldatabasecontaininginformationaboutwhichwordshavethesamemeaningindifferentlanguages.Theresearchersfoundthatthereisasharedfoundation.Theyarguethatthiscommonalityisnotanoutcomeofchildhooderrorsbecomingadulthoodnorms.Instead,theybelievethatthereisanunderlyingcommonfoundation—creativity.Thatis,bothchildrenandadultsusetheirrichknowledgeoftheworldandtheobjectsinittolabel(贴标签于)newthingsonthebasisoftheirsimilaritytothingstheyalreadyknow.Itisthiscreativitythatcouldcausethewordmeaningextensioninlanguageevolution.TheanalysisofBrochhagenetal.addstorecentstudiesshowingthatsmall-scaleprocessescanhaveagreateffectonlanguagesatalargerscale.Forexample,wordsthatarecommonlyusedorhaveabstractfeaturesindailyspeechtendtobethosethatevolvemoreslowlyinthelongterm.Similarly,evidenceindicatesthatlow-levelcognitivehabits,suchasapreferencefortakingnounphrasesasthecoreofasentence,mayhaveshapedtheglobalpatternsoflanguagediversity.Takentogether,thesefindingshaveimportantimplicationsforinvestigatinglanguages.32.Whatisthecommonwayofdescribingnewthings?A.Addingnewmeaningstoexistingwords.B.Creatingnewwordswithsimilarmeanings.C.Restoringwordsthathaveeverabandoned.D.Borrowingwordsfromforeignlanguages.33.Howdidtheresearchersgettheirfindings?A.Bymakinglanguageerrorslikechildren.B.Bycollectingdatafromdifferentangles.C.Bycreatingnewwordsinthelongterm.D.Byarguingwithpeopleinthesamefield.34.Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?A.Theeffectofgloballanguagediversity.B.Themethodsoflanguageinvestigation.C.Thefindingsaboutlanguageevolution.D.Theprocessofwordmeaningextension.35.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhychildrenmakesimilarerrorsB.WhypeopleextendwordmeaningsC.HowchildrenlearnnewlanguagesD.Howpeopledescribenewthings第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Fornewlyadmittedcollegestudents,adaptingtotheacademicenvironmentincollegewillbeanewchallenge.Thestudyskillsusedinhighschoolmaybeadisadvantageinyourcollegeexperience.Incollege,professorsarenotconcernedifyoupassorfail.36Toprepareforthecourseloadahead,itisimportanttostartfindingwaystoimproveyourstudyhabits.Somestudentsmaintainstudyhabitsthatworkforthem,whetheritisactiverecallorreviewingtheirnotesbeforeanexam.37Theystayuplateforexamstomorroworleaveassignmentstothelastminute.Clubscanmakeitchallengingforyoutosettleintotheroutineofhighereducation.38Developingandpractisingeffectivestudyhabitswillhelpyoustayorganizedandallowyoutodevelopintoadisciplinedcollegestudentevenifyouhavealotofclubactivitiestoattend. 39Sogetacollegeplannerassoonaspossible!Thismightbearegularplanner,asimplenotepadorawallcalendar.Sitdownearlyinthesemesterandscheduleyourupcomingdeadlines,assignments,examsandstudytimeonyourweeklyplanner.Onceyouhaveorganizedyourassignmentsandstudytimeforthesemester,makeeveryefforttosticktothatschedule.Youmaypreferadigitalscheduleandcalendar.40Testdates,extracurricularactivities,studyperiods,andassignmentduedatescanallbesetasreminderssoyouwillnevermissadeadline.A.Herearetipstowinprofessors’support.B.Manyothershavenotformedsuchhabits.C.Considercreatinganagendaonyourdevices.D.Organizationisimportantforsuccessincollege.E.Buttheyfindreferencebooksfortheirresearchinthelibrary.F.Therefore,beingself-reliantanddeterminedincollegeisimportant.G.Fortunately,theseactivitiesdon’tpreventyoufromearningyourdegree.第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Weallhavedreamsforourkids.EventhoughhersonLeonisjustababy,Tamandanihopeshewillbecomea41someday.Whenhewasbornwithclubfoot(畸形足),Tamandanithoughtthosedreamswouldnotcomeinto42.After43Leonwasbornwithadisability,Tamandani’shusbandleftherandhernewborn.Thetotal44ofcarenowfallsonhershoulders.Tamandanisupportsthefamilywithasmallbusinessthat45meetstheirdailyneeds.Thecostoftransportationtoaclubfootclinicwasnotsomethingshehadworkedintotheir46.Shortlyafterhisbirth,thedistricthospital47Leon’sfamilytotheHopeWalkspartnerclinicatBlantyreinMalawi.TamandanitookLeontohisfirstvisit,whereclinicians 48thefirstcast(石膏)inthePonsetimethodoftreatment.Leoncriedalotmakinghermomfearthecastwastooheavyforher49legs.TheparentadvisorGertrudewasvery50withTamandani,educatingherabouttheclubfoottreatmentprocess,encouragingher,andstrengtheningthisyoungmom’s51.TamandanibelongstotheChurchofCentralAfricanPresbyterian,butthroughthis52,sheacceptedChristashersavior(救星).“Originally,I53hopethatmychildcouldbetreatedfromclubfoot,”Tamandanisaid.“Ididn’tevenknowwheretogoforthetreatment.ButIthankGodforhis54.IndeedGod’stimingisthebest.”WhoknowsifLeonwillsomedaybeapoliceofficerashismotherdreams?Now55thankstoherhealing,itispossible.41.A.firemanB.sportsmanC.policemanD.businessman42.A.practiceB.realityC.effectD.sight43.A.realizingB.decidingC.admittingD.anticipating44.A.passionB.prejudiceC.stressD.guidance45.A.completelyB.ultimatelyC.broadlyD.barely46.A.scheduleB.assessmentC.budgetD.principle47.A.referredB.contributedC.extendedD.distributed48.A.combinedB.appliedC.exposedD.operated49.A.healthyB.strongC.brokenD.delicate50.A.anxiousB.guiltyC.contentD.patient51.A.faithB.doubtC.worryD.position52.A.trickB.trialC.sampleD.route53.A.offeredB.embracedC.raisedD.lost54.A.presenceB.blessingC.devotionD.cooperation55.A.atlargeB.atrandomC.atleastD.atbest第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Renownedforitsterracottawarriors,theancientChinesecityofXi’aninShaanxiprovinceisalsoafoodparadise.DuetoitslocationontheancientSilkRoad,foodsinXi’an56(influence)byplacesfarandwide.Withalonghistoryofgrowingwheat,Xi’anishometovariouskindsofflour-basedfood,57evensimplenoodlesappearindifferentshapes,sizesandtastes.RoujiamoisoneofthemostfamousstreetfoodsinXi’anandisalsoknownasChina’s58(simplify)versionofthehamburger.Yangroupaomo,isanothersignaturefoodofXi’an,andit59(date)backto11thcenturyBC.Biangbiangnoodlesarethick,fatandlong.Eachbelt-likestrandisthreefingerswide,spiralingdownintoabigbowl.BiangbiangnoodlesarepopularamongChinese60itsdistinctivetasteaswellasitsname,61isacharactersocomplicatedmanyChinesedon’tevenknowhowtowriteit.Liangpiarecoldnoodlesmadefromwheatorriceflour,and62populardishinmanyotherplacesinChina,63(especial)insummer.Youpomian,oil-sprayednoodleswithspicysauce,arehand-pullednoodleswithasizzlingoildressing.Boilingoilispouredoverthetop64(create)aspecialfragrancewhenserving.Apparently,Xi’anshowsgreat65(mature)infoodculture,attractingmanytouristseveryyear.第一节(满分15分)假如你是李华，负责你校英文经典阅读书评写作比赛(WritingCompetitionofEnglishClassicsBookReview)的评审工作，请你给外教Josh写一封邮件邀请他担任评委。内容包括：注意：1.写作词数应为80左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearJosh,Yours,LiHua第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ErieraisedhisdaughterRileyalone.Oneday,Ericnoticedayoungteenageboystandinginfrontofadrugstore.Heapproachedhim,andfoundoutthattheboywantedtobuymedicineforhissickmother,buthadnomoney.Theboycriedout,“IfIdon’tbringhomemedicine,mymomwilldie.ButIwon’tbeabletohandleit.”Uponhearingthis,Eriedidn’thesitatetopayforthemedicine.“I’llpayforthemedicineonhisbehalf,”hesaid,handingthepharmacist(药剂师)acoupleofbillsfromhispocket.TheboylookedatEricwithgratefuleyes,andcried,“Thankyousomuch.Youareheaven-sent.”“Therewillalwaysbepeoplewillingtohelpyou,son,”Erictoldhimbeforehandinghimtwoportionsoffood.“Here,takethistoyourmomandhaveahotmealwithher,”hesaidbeforelettingtheboygo.HisdaughterRileysawthewholesceneandsaid,“Dad,wehavebarelyenoughmoney.Whydidyoupayforthemedicine?”“Riley,thegoodyouputoutintotheworldwilleventuallyfinditswaybacktoyou.Justkeepdoinggood,”Erictoldhisdaughter.WhenRileyturnedthirty,sheneededanoperationurgentlyafterbeingtoldtherewassomethingwrongwithherheart.Withdifficultybreathing,EricrushedRileytothehospitalinanambulance.“You’llbealright,Riley,”hecried.“Don’tworry;Daddyishere.We’llgetthroughthistogether,”hepromisedher.Ericdidtryhisbesttofindthemoneyforhisdaughter’soperation.Heaskedallofhisfriends,butitwasstillnotenough.Therefore,Ericdecidedtoselltheirhouse.Itwasenoughto