2024届高考英语（新高考）压轴真题专项练习-阅读理解CD篇（观念、事理、现象类）附答案

2024届高考英语（新高考通用）压轴真题专项练习——阅读理解CD篇（观念、事理、现象类）命题预测分析近几年高考阅读理解C、D篇可知，高考命题中科普说明文一直都是以压轴题的形式存在，着重考查考生对于语篇的理解能力以及信息处理能力。题材多样，语篇主要来源于英美主流报刊、杂志和网站。内容涉及科技创新发明、人工智能类、医疗健身健康类、社会与文化研究报告、观念事理现象类、环境与保护类、动植物研究等多种领域，具有较强的思想性、趣味性、实际功用性和较强的时代感。从近年全国卷和各地高考试卷中科普类阅读命题的统计来看，高考阅读理解科普类文章的理论性和逻辑性强、生词多、句式结构复杂。六种命题类型都有所体现。命题尊重语篇的文体特征和行文特点，考查了考生理解说明文语篇的能力，以及灵活运用各种阅读策略提取、归纳所读信息的能力，尤其加大了对概括能力和推断能力等高阶思维能力的考查。预测2024年高考对于科普说明文的考查仍然是重点。高频考法推理判断题标题归纳题细节理解题词义猜测题说明文基本规律及解题要领高考中科普类阅读理解一般不给标题，反而经常要求考生选择最佳标题。说明文一般采用如下四部分：首段：一般即是文章的主题段，开门见山点明新发明或研究对象。背景:交代问题的现状或研究的起因。主干:部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究对象、研究方法、研究理论或具体的实验、统计等过程。结尾:通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、预计的市场未来等与主题呼应。二、说明文的解题技巧1.运用语篇结构（textstructure），了解文章大意科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点。观念事理现象类说明文阐述抽象事理、现象的成因、原理、本质、规律等内容。结构上一般采用上述四个部分，说明手法上常使用以下说明方法：描述法（包括举例子、下定义、列数据等）、因果法、问题与比较法。实验研究型文章一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。阅读时，首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，根据英语说明文思维模式特征，作者一般都会开门见山，直奔主题。结尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应。因此在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。2.定位标志词，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个标志词或者中心句。根据题干要求，用查读法快速定位到相关段落。再利用标志词所提供的逻辑关系找到细节信息，如列数据、举例子、原因和结果等。如果句子成分复杂，有生词，也不要烦躁退缩，分析主句和从句或非谓语动词之间的关系，一些出现在术语、抽象概念、长难句前后的同义词、近义词等，都是用以理解文章的语境线索。通过这些对长句进行层层剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真实意图。关注某人说到或推断观点态度题某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作者想表达的，正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感情色彩的词。4.关注转折关系的逻辑词说明文中常会出现表示转折意义的词，如however,but,yet,while等。这些词后面才是作者真正想表达的意思，常常会在此处命题。5.熟悉选项设置规律，关注细节正确选项：文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。干扰项：“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。05观念、事理、现象类1.（2023·浙江·模拟预测）Anewstudysuggeststhatmindfulnesseducation—lessonsontechniquestocalmthemindandbody—canreducethenegativeeffectsofstressandincreasestudents’abilitytostayengaged,helpingthemstayontrackacademicallyandavoidbehaviorproblems.Afterfindingthatstudentswhoself-reportedmindfulhabitsperformedbetterontestsandhadhighergrades,researchersfromtheCenterforEducationPolicyResearchatHarvardUniversitywantedtoknowifschool-basedmindfulnesstrainingcouldhelpmorestudentsreapsimilarbenefits.Theydesignedastudyfocusingonsixth-gradersinaBostonschool.Thestudyshowedthatsixth-graderswhoparticipatedinaneight-weekmindfulnesswerelessstressedoutthantheirclassmateswhohadn’t.Practicingmindfulnesshadhelpedimprovetheabilitytofocusinthemoment,expandingstudents’capacitytolearnandregulatetheiremotions.Fourtimesaweek,instructorsfromCalmerChoice,aMassachusettsnonprofitspecializinginmindfulnesseducation,taughtthegrouptechniquesandledthemthroughpractices,likefocusingonarockforaminute,thendiscussingwhentheirmindwanderedandrefocusedontherock.Anothergroupofsixth-graderstookcomputercodingduringthattimeinstead.Thestudentswererandomlyassignedbetweenthegroups.Attheendoftheeightweeks,themindfulnessgroupreportedbeinglessstressedthantheyhadbeenbeforethemindfulnesseducation,andbetterabletopracticeself-control.Andtheiramygdalae,thepartofthebrainthatcontrolsemotion,respondedlesstopicturesoffearfulfacesthantheydidpriortothemindfulnesswork,suggestingtheirbrainswerelesssensitivetonegativestimuli,or,inotherwords,thattheywerelesslikelytogetstressedoutandlosefocus.Thegroupwhoattendedcodingclassesdidn’tseethesamebenefits.Thefindingssuggestthatthemindfulnessinstructionhelpedbooststudents’attentionskills,aswellasdevelopcopingmechanismsforstress.Theresearchersbelieveitcouldbeespeciallyusefulforschoolstosupportstudentssufferingfromseverementaldamageandotheradversitiesthattriggerstressinthebody,hurtingstudents’abilitytosucceed.1．Whatwasthepurposeofthestudy?A．Toexaminethetechniquesforpracticingmindfulness.B．Tostudytheeffectsofgroupmindfulnesstrainingonstudents.C．Toseehowstudentshelpthemselvestoperformbetterontests.D．Tounderstandwhymindfulnesstrainingcalmsthemindandbody.2．Howwasthestudyconducted?A．Bylistingbenefitsofmindfulnesseducation.B．Byscanningthebraintoseehowitcontrolsemotions.C．Byteachingdifferentstudentsdifferentmindfulnessskills.D．Bycomparingtwogroupsofstudentsattendingdifferentclasses.3．Whatchangetookplaceafterthestudentspracticedmindfulnesswork?A．Theyfelteasiertostayfocused. B．Theywerebetteratcomputercoding.C．Theirmindwaswanderingmoreactively. D．Theirbrainsweremoreawareofnegativity.4．Whoarethemostpossibletargetreadersofthepassage?A．Stressfulparents. B．Mindfulinstructors.C．Emotionalstudents. D．Schooleducators.【正确答案】1．B2．D3．A4．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究表明，正念教育课程可以帮助学生减少压力带来的负面影响，提高他们保持专注的能力。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“researchersfromtheCenterforEducationPolicyResearchatHarvardUniversitywantedtoknowifschool-basedmindfulnesstrainingcouldhelpmorestudentsreapsimilarbenefits(哈佛大学教育政策研究中心的研究人员想知道，以学校为基础的正念训练是否能帮助更多的学生获得类似的好处)”可知，该研究探究的是以学校为基础的正念训练对学生是否有类似的好处，即群体正念训练对学生的效果。故选B项。2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Fourtimesaweek,instructorsfromCalmerChoice,aMassachusettsnonprofitspecializinginmindfulnesseducation,taughtthegrouptechniquesandledthemthroughpractices(来自马萨诸塞州专注于正念教育的非盈利机构CalmerChoice的教师每周四次教授小组技巧，并带领他们进行练习)”和“Anothergroupofsixth-graderstookcomputercodingduringthattimeinstead.(另一组六年级学生在这段时间学习计算机编程。)”可知，研究人员将参与者分成了两个小组，一个小组进行正念训练，另一个小组学习编程。因此，该研究是通过比较学习不同课程的两组学生来进行的。故选D项。3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Andtheiramygdalae,thepartofthebrainthatcontrolsemotion,respondedlesstopicturesoffearfulfacesthantheydidpriortothemindfulnesswork,suggestingtheirbrainswerelesssensitivetonegativestimuli,or,inotherwords,thattheywerelesslikelytogetstressedoutandlosefocus.(他们的大脑中控制情绪的部分——杏仁体，对恐惧面孔的反应比他们在进行正念训练之前要少，这表明他们的大脑对负面刺激不那么敏感，换句话说，他们不太可能感到压力和注意力不集中。)”可知，在学生们进行正念练习后，他们更容易集中注意力，保持专注。故选A项。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Theresearchersbelieveitcouldbeespeciallyusefulforschoolstosupportstudentssufferingfromseverementaldamageandotheradversitiesthattriggerstressinthebody,hurtingstudents’abilitytosucceed.(研究人员认为，这对学校来说尤其有用，可以帮助那些遭受严重精神损伤和其他逆境的学生，这些逆境会引发身体压力，损害学生成功的能力。)”可知，该研究可以很好地指导学校去帮助遭遇精神损伤和其他逆境的学生。由此推知，文章最有可能的目标读者群体是学校的教育者。故选D项。2.（2024·全国·二模）HalloweencandycouldbeinforaCaliforniabigchange.StatelawmakerslastmonthpassedtheCaliforniaFoodSafetyAct,whichbansfourmaterialsfoundinpopularsnacksandpackagedfoods-includingcandycormandotherHalloweentreats.Settotakeeffectin2027,thebanwillleadcandyandfoodproducerstochangetheirformulasforproductssoldbothinCaliforniaandelsewherearoundthecountry.Thelawbanstheproductionandsaleofsomematerials,whichareusedinprocessedfoodsincludingkindsofinstantpotatoesandsodas,aswellascandies.Theadditives(添加剂)havebeenlinkedtoincreasedrisksofcancerandnervoussystemproblems,accordingtotheEnvironmentalWorkingGroup,whichstartedtheact,andarealreadybannedinmanyothercountries.Foodproducersandtheirlobbyists(说客)opposedthelaw,arguingtheconclusionthatthefouradditivesareunhealthyshouldbemadebytheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA).TheythoughtthatevaluatingthesafetyoffoodmaterialsandadditivesshouldrelyonthescientificaccuracyoftheFDA．ButfoodsafetyadvocatessaytheFDAhasmovedfartooslowlyinregulatingfoodchemicals.It’sunacceptablethattheU.S.issofarbehindtherestoftheworldwhenitcomestofoodsafety.California’sactmadeheadlinesthisyearasa“Skittles(彩虹糖)ban”thatwouldwipepopularcandiesoffCaliforniashelves.Butsupportersoftheactsaidtheintentionissimplytorequirechangesinthematerials,ashasalreadyhappenedinEurope.Perhapsthemoststanding-outmaterialonCalifornia’sbannedlistisreddyeNo.3.ItisallowedonlyincandiedandcocktailcherriesintheEuropeanUnionbutmorethan3,000productscontainthechemicalintheU.S.Thelistincludesitemslikefrostedpretzelsandscoresofbrand-namecandiessuchasPeepsandPez.Italsoincludesitemslikefruitcocktailcups,proteindrinks,andyogurts.5．HowwillHalloweencandyinCaliforniachange?A．Itwillchangeitsrecipes. B．Itwilltransformitsshapes.C．ItwillmoveoutofCalifornia. D．Itwilldisappearcompletely.6．Whatideadofoodproducershaveagainsttheact?A．FDA’sconclusiononthematerialsiswrong.B．Fourmaterialsareallowedallovertheworld.C．Thematerials’safetyneedstobereassessed.D．FDAmovestoofastinregulatingfoodchemicals.7．Whatcanweinferabouttheactsupporters’requestaboutSkittles?A．TheydemandacompletebanonSkittles.B．Theywishthe“Skittlesban”tobeheadlines.C．TheywanttoapplyEuropeanpoliciestoSkittles.D．TheyhopemorereddyeNo.3isusedinSkittles.8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Californiacandyban. B．FoodsafetyinCalifornia.C．TheresponsibilityofFDA． D．ChangeofHalloweenCandy.【正确答案】5．A6．C7．C8．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。加州立法者通过了《加州食品安全法》,禁止在流行的零食和包装食品中出现四种添加剂,包括玉米糖和其他万圣节零食。这项禁令将于2027年生效,它将导致糖果和食品生产商改变在加州和其他地方销售的产品的配方。5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Settotakeeffectin2027,thebanwillleadcandyandfoodproducerstochangetheirformulasforproductssoldbothinCaliforniaandelsewherearoundthecountry.(该禁令将于2027年生效，将导致糖果和食品生产商改变在加州和全国其他地方销售的产品的配方)”可知,禁令将导致糖果和食品生产商改变在加州和其他地方销售的产品的配方。故选A项。6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Foodproducersandtheirlobbyists(说客)opposedthelaw,arguingtheconclusionthatthefouradditivesareunhealthyshouldbemadebytheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA).(食品生产商和他们的说客反对这项法律，认为这四种添加剂不健康的结论应该由食品和药物管理局(FDA)做出)”可知,食品生产商和他们的游说者反对这项法律,认为这样的评估应该由食品和药物管理局(FDA)进行，也就是这些材料的安全性需要重新评估。故选C项。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Butsupportersoftheactsaidtheintentionissimplytorequirechangesinthematerials,ashasalreadyhappenedinEurope.(但该法案的支持者表示，其目的只是要求改变材料，就像欧洲已经发生的那样)”可知,法案的支持者希望加州能够实行欧洲的针对食品添加剂的做法。故选C项。8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“HalloweencandycouldbeinforaCaliforniabigchange.StatelawmakerslastmonthpassedtheCaliforniaFoodSafetyAct,whichbansfourmaterialsfoundinpopularsnacksandpackagedfoods-includingcandycormandotherHalloweentreats.Settotakeeffectin2027,thebanwillleadcandyandfoodproducerstochangetheirformulasforproductssoldbothinCaliforniaandelsewherearoundthecountry.(万圣节糖果可能会在加州发生重大变化。加州立法者上个月通过了《加州食品安全法》，禁止在流行的零食和包装食品中发现四种物质，包括玉米糖和其他万圣节零食。该禁令将于2027年生效，将导致糖果和食品生产商改变在加州和全国其他地方销售的产品的配方)”可知，本文主要讲述了加州立法者上个月通过了《加州食品安全法》,禁止在流行的零食和包装食品中使用四种添加剂。这将导致糖果和食品生产商改变他们在加州和其他地方销售的产品的配方。故选A项。3.（23-24高三·辽宁朝阳·期末）Inanincreasinglyglobalizedbusinessworld,companiesdemandHumanResources(HR)leaderswhocanovercomeculturalbarrierstoachievekeygoals.Thisyear,studentsintheMasterofHumanResourcesandIndustrialRelations(MHRIR)Programwillgethands-onexperienceleadingmulticulturalteamsastheyworktogetherwithpeers(同辈)fromallcornersoftheglobe.“Ourstudentsgetfirsthandexperienceonglobalteams,whichhelpsthemunderstandthechallengesandtheopportunitiestheywillfaceinthebusinessworld,”saidMHRIRProgramDirectorStacyHove.ElishkaCorreajoinedtheprogramtoexplorehowHRleaderscanhelpbusinessesgrowquicklyintheglobalmarketplace.“Companiesappreciatediversity—notonlyintermsofproductsandmarkets,butthepeopletheyhire—sothattheycanexpandtheirbusinessandreachcustomersindifferentpartsoftheworld,”shesaid.“WhenIgointoanorganization,I’mnotonlygoingtoworkwithIndiansorAmericans,it’sgoingtobeamixofpeople.Thattrendisbeginningtogrow,soIthinkit’sveryimportanttoappreciatepeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.”Astheyprogressthroughtheprogram,thestudentsarediscoveringunexpectedchallengesastheyworkonprojectsindiverseteams.Eachcontributorbringsadifferentapproachtosolvingproblems,communicating,andchallengingoneanother’sopinions.DevinRoll,astudentfromNorthDakota,appreciatingtheuniqueviewshisclassmatesshare,said,“Thebenefitsofhavingcross-culturalexperiencesgofarbeyondtheclassroom.Diverseteamsandcompaniesoutperformtheircompetitors,andHRleadersactasavitalpartnerinacquiringandmaintainingdiversityintheworkforce.”Manyoftheinternationalstudentsintheprogramsaidtheywouldreturntotheirhomecountriesaftergraduationandbringalongconnectionstotheirclassmates,whowouldbuildcareers(职业)incountriesaroundtheworld.Theyhopetostayintouch,andsharetheirexpertknowledge.9．Whatistheaimoftheprogram?A．Tohelpstudentstosetcleargoals.B．Toprovidejobsforforeignstudents.C．Toteachstudentstoruntheirownbusiness.D．Totrainstudentstobuildmulticulturalteams.10．WhichstatementaboutculturaldiversitydoesElishkaCorreaprobablyagreewith?A．Itpreventssocialadvance. B．Itmakesiteasytohirepeople.C．Itcanhelpbusinessgrowth. D．Itcanputanendtotheconflict.11．WhatdoesDevinRollthinkoftheeffectoftheprogram?A．Itispredictable. B．Itisshort-lived. C．Itisunidentifiable. D．Itisfar-reaching.12．Whatdomanystudentsexpecttodoaftergraduationaccordingtothetext?A．Workfortheuniversity. B．Keepcloselyconnected.C．Stayintheirhomecountries. D．Reformteachingmethods.【正确答案】9．D10．C11．D12．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人力资源与劳资关系硕士课程及学生反馈。9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Thisyear,studentsintheMasterofHumanResourcesandIndustrial

Relations(MHRIR)Programwillgethands-onexperienceleadingmulticulturalteamsastheyworktogetherwithpeers(同辈)fromallcornersoftheglobe.(今年，人力资源与劳资关系硕士(MHRIR)项目的学生将获得领导多元文化团队的实践经验，因为他们与来自世界各地的同龄人一起工作。)”及第二段““Ourstudentsgetfirsthandexperienceonglobalteams,whichhelpsthemunderstandthechallengesandtheopportunitiestheywillfaceinthebusinessworld,”saidMHRIRProgramDirectorStacyHove.(MHRIR项目主任StacyHove说：“我们的学生获得了全球团队的第一手经验，这有助于他们了解他们将在商业世界中面临的挑战和机遇。”)”可知，该课程旨在培养学生如何组建国际化团队。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“ElishkaCorreajoinedtheprogramtoexplorehowHRleaderscanhelpbusinessesgrowquicklyintheglobalmarketplace.“Companiesappreciatediversity—notonlyintermsofproductsandmarkets,butthepeopletheyhire—sothattheycanexpandtheirbusinessandreachcustomersindifferentpartsoftheworld,”shesaid.(ElishkaCorrea加入了这个项目，探讨人力资源领导者如何帮助企业在全球市场中快速发展。她说：“公司欣赏多样性——不仅在产品和市场方面，而且在他们雇用的人方面——这样他们就可以扩大业务，接触到世界各地的客户。”)”和“Thattrendisbeginningtogrow,soIthinkit’sveryimportanttoappreciatepeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.(这种趋势正在发展，所以我认为欣赏来自不同背景的人是非常重要的。)”可知，ElishkaCorrea认同文化多样性有益于企业在全球市场上拓展业务。故选C。11．推理判断题。根据第五段“DevinRoll,astudentfromNorthDakota,appreciatingtheuniqueviewshisclassmatesshare,said,“Thebenefitsofhavingcross-culturalexperiencesgofarbeyondtheclassroom...”(来自北达科他州的德文·罗尔(DevinRoll)很欣赏同学们分享的独特观点，他说：“跨文化体验的好处远远超出了课堂。……”)”可推断，DevinRoll认为该课程的对学生后续的影响是深远的。故选D。12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Manyoftheinternationalstudentsintheprogramsaidtheywouldreturntotheirhomecountriesaftergraduationandbringalongconnectionstotheirclassmates,whowouldbuildcareers(职业)incountriesaroundtheworld.Theyhopetostayintouch,andsharetheirexpertknowledge.(该项目的许多国际学生表示，他们将在毕业后回到自己的祖国，并与他们的同学建立联系，这些同学将在世界各地的国家建立职业生涯。他们希望保持联系，分享他们的专业知识。)”可知，参加这个课程的学生毕业后将回到各自的国家，但是他们希望保持联络，分享各自的专业知识。故选B。4.（2023·全国·单元测试）“Wearerunningoutofceandtheonlyplacestogotoareotherworlds...Spreadingoutmaybetheonlythingthatsavesusfromourselves.I’mconvincedthathumansneedtoleavetheearth.”ThesearethewordsofthefamousscientistStephenHawking,spokenatasciencefestivalinNorwayin2017,ayearbeforehisdeath.Hawkingwasnotaloneinthisview.Manyexpertsfeelthattheonlywayforhumanitytolastfarintothefutureistocolonise(移民于)otherplanets.Thatway,ifaterribledisease,nuclearwarorsomeotherdisastersstriketheearth,civilisationasweknowitwouldstillhaveachance.Marsisoneofthemostattractivedestinations.NASA,theUnitedArabEmirates,theprivatecompanyceX,andtheorganisationMarsOneallhaveplanstosendhumansthere.“Eitherwespreadtheearthtootherplanets,orweriskgoingextinct,”ceXfounderElonMusksaidataconferencein2013.ButnoteveryoneagreesthatcolonisingMarsoranyotherplanetissuchagreatplan.Themostcommonargumentagainstgoingisthatit’sjusttooexpensiveordangerous.Itwilltakehugeamountsofmoneyandotherresourcesjusttogetpeoplethere,letalonesetupaplaceforthemtolive.It’snotevenclearifhumanscouldsurviveonMars.Oneofthebiggestdangersisitsdeadlyradiationthatruinstheplanet.MaybeallthetimeandmoneypeoplewouldpourintoaMarsmissionwouldbebetterspentonmoreurgentprojectshereonEarth,likedealingwithpovertyorclimatechange.Someexpertsarguethathandlingaproblemlikeanasteroid(小行星)strikeoradiseaseoutbreakwhilestayinghereonEarthwouldbemucheasierandlessexpensivethansurvivingonanewplanet.Inaddition,movingtoanewplanetcouldharmordestroyanythingthatalreadylivesthere.Marsseemsuninhabitable,butmicro-organismscouldexistonMars.HumanvisitorsmaydestroytheselivesorpermanentlychangeordamagetheMartianenvironment.Somefeelthat’stoomuchofarisktotake.13．WhydidtheauthormentionNASA,theUnitedArabEmirates,ceXandMarsOne?A．TostresstheriskofdyingoutonEarth.B．ToprovideevidenceforHawking’stheory.C．ToshowgrowingintentionofmovingtoMars.D．Toexplaintheadvancedtechnologyinastronomy.14．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．ItiscostlyandriskytocoloniseMars.B．CivilisationisdifficulttomaintainonEarth.C．Povertyisthemosturgentproblemtohandle.D．AllthetimeandmoneyshouldbespentonEarth.15．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“uninhabitable”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Notsteadytokeep.B．Notfittoliveon.C．Noteasytoapproach.D．Notsafetosetfooton.16．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Mars,OurFuturePlanetB．MovingtoaNewPlanetC．ShouldWeColoniseMars?D．StayHomeorOuterce?【正确答案】13．C14．A15．B16．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。有些专家认为，为了人类和人类文明的延续，人类应该离开地球，移民去其他星球，尤其是去火星。而另一些人认为这样的计划不仅昂贵而且危险，甚至还会破坏火星的生态。13．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Manyexpertsfeelthattheonlywayforhumanitytolastfarintothefutureistocolonise(移民于)otherplanets.(许多专家认为，人类延续到未来的唯一途径是殖民其他星球)”以及“Marsisoneofthemostattractivedestinations.NASA,theUnitedArabEmirates,theprivatecompanyceX,andtheorganisationMarsOneallhaveplanstosendhumansthere.(火星是最具吸引力的目的地之一。美国国家航空航天局、阿拉伯联合酋长国、私营公司ceX和‘火星一号’组织都有将人类送往那里的计划)”可知，这么多机构都计划着让人类移民火星，也就是表明了不断增长的移民火星的意图，故选C项。14．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Themostcommonargumentagainstgoingisthatit’sjusttooexpensiveordangerous.(反对去火星的最普遍的理由是费用太高,太危险了。)”可知，移民去火星费用昂贵而且很危险，故选A项。15．词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句“Marsseemsuninhabitable,butmicro-organismscouldexistonMars.(火星似乎uninhabitable，但微生物可能存在于火星上)”可知，but后表明火星可以提供给微生物生存之地，那么but前说明火星可能无法提供生存的地方，也就是火星可能不适合生存或居住，uninhabitable意为“无法居住的”，故选B项。16．主旨大意题。文章第一段引出话题，我们可能需要去其他星球来拯救我们自己，第二段表明很多专家支持移民火星的计划，第三段和第四段分析了移民火星的代价和危害。综合这些段落可知，整篇文章就是讨论了我们是不是要移民火星，C项“ShouldWeColoniseMars?(我们应该殖民火星吗？)”符合要求，故选C项。5.（23-24高三·北京大兴·期中）Belowareseveralthingsthatwillhavehappenedbythemid-pointofthiscenturybothforthegoodandbad.Rightnow,peoplearefocusedonAIpotentiallycausingjoblossesbuttherealitycouldbefarworse.GeorgeStakhovsaid,“By2050,AIwillhaveprofoundly(深刻地)reshapedtheworld.ThereisadarkAIfuturewherethosewhocontrolAIwillgainhugepower,while99percentofthepopulationwillbedisenfranchised(剥夺权利).TheAIlordswillcontroltheworld’sdataandturntherestofusintotheirserfs.ThealternativeisabrightAIscenario,whereeveryonebenefitsfromAIthroughbetterhealthcare,fastertransportandlesspollution.”FuturistandformerGoogleengineerRayKurzweilsaysthatpeoplewillmergewithmachinesby2025.Inaneventhedescribesasthe“Singularity”,Kurzweilpredictsthatby2045,peoplewillconnecttheirbrainstomachines.“IhavesetadatefortheSingularityin2045,whichiswhenwewillincreaseoureffectiveintelligenceabillionfoldbymergingwiththeintelligencewehavecreated.”Alien-huntingastronomerSethShostakbetfellowastronomersthatweshouldfindalienswithintwodozenyears.ThatmeanswecouldbeincontactwithETby2036.Shostakhassincedoubleddownonhisprediction,sayingthatnewermeasurementssuggesttherecouldbebillionsofEarth-likeworlds.ThatmeansiftheEarthistheonlyplacewithlife,it’slikeawinnerinalotterywheretheoddsareabilliontoone.Thatmaybethestrongestargumentforlifeince.Soaringhumidity(湿度)andheatwillleadtoheatwaveswhereitisalmostimpossibleforhumanstosurviveoutdoorsinareasincludingSouthAsia,thePersianGulf,andtheRedSea.By2070,thiswillalsobetrueinareasofBrazilandChina.“Wetbulb”temperaturesrefertoconditionswheretemperatureandhumidityarehigh,makingithardtosurviveoutdoors.Humanscansurvivetemperaturesofupto50℃whenhumidityislow,butinhighhumidity,humanscannotsurvivebecausethereisnowaytocooldownbysweating.Evenextremelystrongandfitpeoplediewithinhours.LargeareasoftheEarthmightbeuninhabitable.17．WhatisthedarkAIfutureaccordingtoGeorgeStakhov?A．AIwillholdpoweroverhumans.B．Humanswillearnabasiclowwage.C．HumanswillhavetoserveasAI’smasters.D．AIwillbecometheowneroftheEarth.18．WhatisShostak’sattitudetowardstheexistenceofaliens?A．Doubtful. B．Approving. C．Cautious. D．Negative.19．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Heatwavesoccurinmostareasintheworld.B．Highhumiditycausespeopletosweatalot.C．HugeareasoftheEarthmightbeuninhabitable.D．Peoplecan’tliveinlowhumidityforalongtime.【正确答案】17．C18．B19．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了本世纪中叶将会发生的一些事情。17．细节理解题。根据第二段第三四句“ThereisadarkAIfuturewherethosewhocontrolAIwillgainhugepower,while99percentofthepopulationwillbedisenfranchised.TheAIlordswillcontroltheworld’sdataandturntherestofusintotheirserfs.”（有一个黑暗的人工智能未来，那些控制人工智能的人将获得巨大的权力，而99%的人口将被剥夺公民权，人工智能领主将控制世界的数据，把我们其他人变成他们的奴隶。）说明GeorgeStakhov认为黑暗的人工智能未来指的是一部分人控制了人工智能，成为人工智能的主人，进而导致大部分人沦为少数人的奴隶。故选C项。18．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Alien-huntingastronomerSethShostakbetfellowastronomersthatweshouldfindalienswithintwodozenyears.”（寻找外星人的天文学家SethShostak和其他天文学家猜想说，我们应该在24年内能内找到外星人。）可知，Shostak对外星生命的存在持赞成的态度。故选B项。19．主旨大意题。根据最后一段前两句“SoaringhumidityandheatwillleadtoheatwaveswhereitisalmostimpossibleforhumanstosurviveoutdoorsinareasincludingSouthAsia,thePersianGulf,andtheRedSea.By2070,thiswillalsobetrueinareasofBrazilandChina.”（急剧上升的湿度和热量将导致热浪，在南亚、波斯湾和红海等地区，人类几乎不可能在户外生存。到2070年，巴西和中国的部分地区也将如此。）及最后一句“LargeareasoftheEarthmightbeuninhabitable.”（地球上的大片地区可能不适合居住。）可知，本段通过介绍地球温度和湿度的变化来说明地球上的大片地区可能不适合居住。故选C项。6.（2023·河南·模拟预测）“Fromwearingsillyclothestoholdingfunnyceremonies,suchseeminglybizarrerituals(仪式)canbeseeneverywhere,andmostofthemdonotseemtoserveanyobviouspurpose,”DimitrisXygalataswritesatthebeginningofhisnewbookRituals:HowSeeminglySenselessActsMakeLifeWorthLiving.Thenwhyarehumansstillinlovewithsuchrituals?Someofthemareintendedtounifytheparticipants.Thegoosestepspractisedbythesoldiersallaroundtheworldareagreatexample.Whenweallperformthesameactionsinapredictableway,asritualsoftenrequire,itcancreateasenseoftogethernessandcooperation,whichmaybeamatteroflifeanddeathinthefaceofdanger.Manyritualsoriginatedwhenhumansstartedlivingineverbiggergroups,whichexposedthemtoallkindsofviolence,disastersanddiseases.Topreventsuchrisksfromoccurring,humanscreatedvariousrituals.Inregionswhereviolencewascommonandthethreatofdisasteranddiseasewashigh,societiestendedtoemphasizestrictritualizedbehaviors,suchasbody-washingandsexualpurity.Ofcourse,notallofthemwereeffectivebecausetheydidn’talwaysunderstandwhatwascausingtheriskstheyweretryingtocontrol.Mostoftheritualsjustprovidepsychological