2024届高考英语（新高考）压轴真题专项练习-阅读理解CD篇（社会文化研究报告类）附答案

2024届高考英语（新高考通用）压轴题真专项练习——阅读理解CD篇（社会文化研究报告类）命题预测分析近几年高考阅读理解C、D篇可知，高考命题中科普说明文一直都是以压轴题的形式存在，着重考查考生对于语篇的理解能力以及信息处理能力。题材多样，语篇主要来源于英美主流报刊、杂志和网站。内容涉及科技创新发明、人工智能类、医疗保健卫生类、社会与文化研究报告、观念事理类、环境与保护类、动植物研究等多种领域，具有较强的思想性、趣味性、实际功用性和较强的时代感。从近年全国卷和各地高考试卷中科普类阅读命题的统计来看，高考阅读理解科普类文章的理论性和逻辑性强、生词多、句式结构复杂。六种命题类型都有所体现。命题尊重语篇的文体特征和行文特点，考查了考生理解说明文语篇的能力，以及灵活运用各种阅读策略提取、归纳所读信息的能力，尤其加大了对概括能力和推断能力等高阶思维能力的考查。预测2024年高考对于科普说明文的考查仍然是重点。高频考法推理判断题标题归纳题细节理解题词义猜测题说明文基本规律及解题要领高考中科普类阅读理解一般不给标题，反而经常要求考生选择最佳标题。说明文一般采用如下四部分：首段：一般即是文章的主题段，开门见山点明新发明或研究对象。背景:交代问题的现状或研究的起因。主干:部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究对象、研究方法、研究理论或具体的实验、统计等过程。结尾:通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、预计的市场未来等与主题呼应。二、说明文的解题技巧1.运用语篇结构（textstructure），了解文章大意科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点。社会文化研究类文章多用描述法、问题与历史文化背景等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的文化研究的内容及影响，内容涉及语言、传统习俗、建筑、艺术等行为模式、价值观念、知识体系等多方面的知识。结构上一般采用上述四个部分，说明手法上常使用以下说明方法：描述法（包括举例子、下定义、列数据等）、因果法、问题与对策法。实验研究型文章一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。阅读时，首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，根据英语说明文思维模式特征，作者一般都会开门见山，直奔主题。结尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应。因此在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。2.定位标志词，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断每一个问题，在原文中，都要有一个定位。然后精读，找出那个标志词或者中心句。根据题干要求，用查读法快速定位到相关段落。再利用标志词所提供的逻辑关系找到细节信息，如列数据、举例子、原因和结果等。如果句子成分复杂，有生词，也不要烦躁退缩，分析主句和从句或非谓语动词之间的关系，一些出现在术语、抽象概念、长难句前后的同义词、近义词等，都是用以理解文章的语境线索。通过这些对长句进行层层剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真实意图。关注某人说到或推断观点态度题某人说过的话，有时并不是题眼，但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点，也就是作者想表达的，正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词，有感情色彩的词。4.关注转折关系的逻辑词说明文中常会出现表示转折意义的词，如however,but,yet,while等。这些词后面才是作者真正想表达的意思，常常会在此处命题。5.熟悉选项设置规律，关注细节正确选项：文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。干扰项：“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。03社会文化研究类1.（2023高三·江西鹰潭·开学考试）Lettingkidslearnmoreaboutscienceatanearlyageiseasierthanyouthink.Itishappeningallaroundus,andyoucanusedailythingstoarouse(激发)yourchildren’sinterest.Mostparentsbelieveitisdifficulttohelptheirchildrenwithscience.Butyoudon’tneedahighscientificdegreetoteachyourchildrenscience.Allyouneedisthatyou’rewillingtotry,toseetheworld,andtotakethetimetoencouragetheirnaturalcuriosity.Whentheystronglywanttoknowaboutsomething,theygetthetickettotheunknownworld.Youcanhelpbyhavinganactiveattitude(态度)towardsscienceyourself.Thenstartsimplybyaskingyourchildrenquestionsaboutthethingsyouseeeveryday.Nextlistentotheiranswerswithoutjudging(评判)them,whichwillimprovetheirconfidence(自信),andhelpyoudecidejustwhatyourchildrenknowordonotknow.Differentkidshavedifferentinterest,sotheyneeddifferentkindsofscienceprojects.Collectingrocksmayinterestyouryoungdaughter,butyouroldersonmayneedsomethingmoretodealwithit.Knowingyourchildrenisthebestwaytofindenjoyablelearningactivities.Herearesomemorepiecesofadvice:Chooseactivitiesthataretherightlevelofdifficulty.Ifyouarenotsure,picksomethingeasier.Readthesuggestedagesonanyprojects,books,andthenmakesurethattheactivityisproperforyourchildren.Letyourchildrenchoosetheprojectoractivitythemselves.It’seasyenoughtoaskratherthanforcethem.Suggestchoosing2or3thingsyourchildrencando.Whenachildpickssomethingheorsheisinterestedin,heorshewillenjoyitandlearnmorefromit.1．Whatdomostparentsbelieve?A．Scienceshouldbelearntearly.B．Scienceteachingneedstime.C．Helpingchildrenwithscienceishard.D．Manychildrenhavenointerestinscience.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“curiosity”meaninEnglish?A．Thespiritofchanging. B．Theabilityofunderstanding.C．Themethodofthinking. D．Thefeelingofwondering.3．Howcanwestarttohelpchildren?A．Byjudgingthem. B．Byaskingthemquestions.C．Bycollectingtheiranswers. D．Bydecidingwhatintereststhem.4．Whichisthebestwaytofindenjoyablelearningactivitiesforchildren?A．Toknowthechildren. B．Toimprovetheirconfidence.C．Tohaveanactiveattitude. D．Toofferdifferentkindsofprojects.5．Whatcanwemainlylearnfromthepassage?A．Howtochooseactivitiesforchildren.B．Whytoletchildrenlearnscienceearlier.C．Whynotforcechildrentolearnscience.D．Howtoarousechildren’sinterestinscience.【正确答案】1．C2．D3．B4．A5．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了父母要激发孩子学习科学的兴趣，并就如何给孩子选择有趣的学习活动提出建议。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Mostparentsbelieveitisdifficulttohelptheirchildrenwithscience.”（大多数家长认为帮助孩子学习科学是困难的）可知，大多数父母认为帮助孩子学习科学很困难。故选C。2．词句猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“Whentheystronglywanttoknowaboutsomething,theygetthetickettotheunknownworld.”（当他们强烈地想知道一些事情时，他们得到了通往未知世界的门票）可知，此处指想了解新鲜事物的信念，即好奇的感觉。划线单词curiosity的意思是“好奇的感觉”。A.Thespiritofchanging.改变的精神；B.Theabilityofunderstanding.理解的能力；C.Themethodofthinking.思维方法；D.Thefeelingofwondering.好奇的感觉。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thenstartsimplybyaskingyourchildrenquestionsaboutthethingsyouseeeveryday.”（然后以简单地问你的孩子关于你每天看到的事情的问题开始）可知，父母以问孩子问题开始帮助孩子。故选B。4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Knowingyourchildrenisthebestwaytofindenjoyablelearningactivities.”（了解您的孩子是找到愉快学习活动的最佳方式）可知，了解孩子是寻找有趣的学习活动的最好方式。故选A。5．主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“Itishappeningallaroundus,andyoucanusedailythingstoarouse(激发)yourchildren’sinterest.”（它发生在我们周围，你可以用日常生活来激发孩子的兴趣）可知，本段主要介绍了父母要激发孩子学习科学的兴趣；文章第二自然段和第三自然段就如何给孩子选择有趣的学习活动给出建议。所以，文章主要告诉我们如何激发和促进孩子们对科学的兴趣。故选D。2.（2024·全国·模拟预测）Between1945and2000,educatorsemployedafairlyuniformapproach.Theteacherwasthesunintheclassroom,andalllessonsandactivitiescenteredaroundhimorher.Educatorsstressedtheimportanceofdisciplineandobedience(服从)withintheclassroom,andstudentswereexpectedtofollowveryrigidstandardsforbehaviorandacademicperformance.Thestatedgoalofthismodelwastoensurefairnessbyapplyingthesameexpectations;however,theresultwasthatonlyafewstudentssucceededwhilemanyotherswereleftbehind.WhencomputersandInternettechnologyenteredtheclassroomafewdecadesago,anotherpatternappearedandprogressiveeducatorsimmediatelysawtheopportunitytochangethewayschoolworked.Insteadofneedingtofocusontheteachersforthevastmajorityoftheday,studentscouldusecomputers,websites,andevengamestolearnnewmaterialsandimprovetheirskillsandknowledge.Notalleducatorswelcomedthisshift,however,assomebelievedittookpowerandresponsibilityawayfromtheteachersandcheapenedtheeducationalexperienceforlearners.Overthelastdecade,twodistinctcampsofeducatorshaveemerged.TechadvocatesstressthatcomputersandInternettechnologyallowstudentstolearnattheirownpaceinanenvironmentthatmakesthemfeelcomfortable,whilethetraditionalclassroomsetsapacethatmanylearnerscan’tkeepupwithandoftenmakesstudentsfeeluncomfortable.Traditionalists,ontheotherhand,believethatover-relianceontechlimitsstudents’abilitytodeveloptheirownknowledgeandskillsanddoeslittletopreparethemfortherealitiesofbeingadultsintherealworld.Regrettably,theinabilityofthesetwopartiestofindanagreementhaspreventedthegrowthofoureducationsystem.Wemustlearnfromwhatworkedinthepastwhileadoptingthebestofournewtechnologiestocreateaneducationsystemthatreflectsourmodernworld.Ifwecan’tgetallourteachersonthesamepage,thenwewillbeatriskoffailingfuturegenerations.6．Whocanprobablylearnbetterunderthe1945-2000modelofeducation?A．Lisawhotendstoreadbyherself. B．Michaelwhodisciplineshimself.C．Katewhocanfocusonlisteningforlong. D．Tomwhoprefershands-onlearning.7．Whydosomeeducatorspreferthesecondeducationpattern?A．Itallowsfordifferentlearningstyles. B．Ithasthesamehopeforstudents.C．Itfiresstudents’enthusiasmforlearning. D．Itreducesteachers’levelofstress.8．Whatmessageisconveyedinparagraph3?A．Twoofatradeneveragree. B．Everyonethinksinhisway.C．Everypotterpraiseshispot. D．One’swordsreflectone’sthinking.9．Whatistheauthor’sunderstandingofagoodeducationsystem?A．It’sfullofwell-trainedsubjectteachers. B．It’sanaccuratemirroroftherealworld.C．It’sinclusiveandaccessibletoallstudents. D．It’sanintegrationoftraditionandmodernity.【正确答案】6．C7．A8．B9．D【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了两种不同的教育模式的特点以及人们对它们的不同看法。6．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Between1945and2000,educatorsemployedafairlyuniformapproach.Theteacherwasthesunintheclassroom,andalllessonsandactivitiescenteredaroundhimorher.(1945年至2000年间，教育工作者采用了相当统一的方法。老师是教室里的太阳，所有的课程和活动都以他或她为中心。)”可知，1945至2000年间，老师是教室里的太阳，所有的课程和活动都围绕着老师进行，由此可推知在课堂上能长时间专注听课的学生可能会学得更好一些。因此能长时间集中注意力倾听的凯特很可能学得好。故选C。7．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Insteadofneedingtofocusontheteachersforthevastmajorityoftheday,studentscouldusecomputers,websites,andevengamestolearnnewmaterialsandimprovetheirskillsandknowledge.(学生们可以利用电脑、网站甚至游戏来学习新材料，提高他们的技能和知识，而不是每天大部分时间都盯着老师。)”可知，在第二种教育模式下，学生们不必在一天的大部分时间里都关注老师，他们可以使用电脑、网站、甚至游戏来学习新材料、提高技能和增长知识。由此可推知，因为这种教育模式使不同的学习方式成为可能，所以一些教育工作者比较喜欢。故选A。8．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“TechadvocatesstressthatcomputersandInternettechnologyallowstudentstolearnattheirownpaceinanenvironmentthatmakesthemfeelcomfortable,whilethetraditionalclassroomsetsapacethatmanylearnerscan’tkeepupwithandoftenmakesstudentsfeeluncomfortable.Traditionalists,ontheotherhand,believethatover-relianceontechlimitsstudents’abilitytodeveloptheirownknowledgeandskillsanddoeslittletopreparethemfortherealitiesofbeingadultsintherealworld.(科技倡导者强调，计算机和互联网技术允许学生在一个让他们感到舒适的环境中按照自己的节奏学习，而传统课堂设定的节奏让许多学习者跟不上，经常让学生感到不舒服。另一方面，传统主义者认为，过度依赖科技限制了学生发展自己的知识和技能的能力，几乎没有帮助他们做好面对即将在现实生活中成为成年人的现实的准备。。)”可知，科技支持者认为，计算机和互联网技术使学生能够在一个让他们感到舒适的环境中按自己的节奏学习，而传统的教室设定了一个许多学习者无法跟上的节奏，经常会让学生感到不舒服。传统主义者认为，对科技的过度依赖限制了学生增长知识和提高技能的能力，几乎没有帮助他们做好面对即将在现实生活中成为成年人的现实的准备。由此可知，就技术而言，科技支持者和传统主义者有不同的看法，也就是说仁者见仁，智者见智。A项“同行是冤家”；B项“仁者见仁，智者见智”；C项“王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸”；D项“言为心声”。故选B。9．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Wemustlearnfromwhatworkedinthepastwhileadoptingthebestofournewtechnologiestocreateaneducationsystemthatreflectsourmodernworld.(我们必须从过去的成功经验中学习，同时采用我们最好的新技术来创建一个反映我们现代世界的教育体系。)”可知，我们必须从过去的经验中学习，同时采用最新技术，创造一个反映我们现代世界的教育体制。由此可推知，在作者看来，一个好的教育体制需要融合传统与现代。故选D。3.（23-24高三下·辽宁大连·阶段练习）Falconsarepowerfulbirdsthatmaybetrainedtohuntincooperationwithhumans.Theartoftrainingfalconsas“huntingdogsoftheskies”iscalledfalconry(训鹰术).ItwasdevelopedintheancientArabianDesertaround4000B．C．Inthepast,falconrymainlyinvolvedhuntingwithfalconstosupplementone’sdiet.Butnow,ithasbecomethefavoritesportandpastimeintheArabianPeninsula.Falconryincludesthreemajorprocesses:acquiringthefalcons,trainingthem,andhuntingwiththem.Everyyear,falconersbegincapturingwildfalconsinJuneandJuly,themigrationseason.Thebestbirdstocatcharetheoneswithnaturallynurturedhuntingskills,agedoneortwoyears.Oncethefalconsarecaptured,theirheadsareimmediatelycoveredwithaleatherhood.Thisisessentialbecausetheyimprintastheirmasterwhomevertheyseefirstafterthehoodisremoved.Rightafterabirdiscaught,thetrainingprocessstarts.Itbeginsbydepriving(剥夺)thebirdoffoodtomakeiteasiertotame.Thebirdsaretaughttoknowtheirownnameandrespondtotheirmasterwhencalled.Arabfalconerslivewiththeirbirdsdayandnightinordertobuildastrongrelationshipwiththem.BytheendofOctoberormid-November,thetrainedfalconsarereadytohuntinthedesert.Theyhaveexcellentvision,2.6timesgreaterthanthatofahuman.Theyarealsothefastestdiversontheplanet.Onehuntingtechniquethatsetsthemapartfromotheranimalsisthattheycanbetrainedtodelivertheirprey,withoutkillingitfirst.ThisisvitalinIslamicculturebecauseanimalsusedforfoodmuststillbealivetoensurethatthemeatishalal,thatis,properlypreparedaccordingtoIslamiclaw.FalconshaveplayedsuchacrucialroleintraditionalIslamicculturesthatanumberofcountriesintheMiddleEasthavemadethemtheirnationalbird.Falconryhasgrownsopopularthatspecialisthospitalshavebeenestablishedtotakecareofthesemagnificentbirds.Falconsareevenissuedtheirownpassports.TheyaretheonlyanimalsintheUnitedArabEmiratesthatarelegallyallowedtotravelinsideplanes,enjoyingalevelofluxurythatsomehumanscanonlydreamof.10．WhatisthemainreasonforArabicpeopletohuntwithfalconstoday?A．Toserveasentertainmentandexercise.B．Tosupplementtheirdiet.C．Toreplacethepracticeofhuntingwithdogs.D．Tohonortheirnationalbird.11．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Falconersdon’tgivefoodtofalconsinordertocapturethem.B．Falconsarenotallowedtoseetheirmastersduringthetrainingprocess.C．Wildfalconswithnaturalhuntingskillsareidealforfalconerstocatch.D．Thetrainers’namesarewrittenonthehoodscoveringthebirds’heads.12．WhatespeciallymakesfalconsauniquespeciesforhuntinginIslamicculture?A．Falconskeeptheirpreyalivebeforedeliveringittofalconers.B．Falconscanformastrongbondwiththeirownersquickly.C．Falcons’visionisparticularlysuitableforhuntingindeserts.D．Falconsarerelativelyeasytotrainforspecifichunting.13．Accordingtothearticle,whatprivilegedofalconsenjoyintheArabworld?A．Freeairticket. B．PassportsissuedbytheKing.C．Expensivemeals. D．Accesstospecializedmedicalcare.【正确答案】10．A11．C12．A13．D【导语】本文是说明文。文章详细介绍了训鹰术的历史、过程以及在中东文化中的重要性。10．细节理解题。根据第一段“Falconsarepowerfulbirdsthatmaybetrainedtohuntincooperationwithhumans.Theartoftrainingfalconsas“huntingdogsoftheskies”iscalledfalconry(训鹰术).ItwasdevelopedintheancientArabianDesertaround4000B.C.Inthepast,falconrymainlyinvolvedhuntingwithfalconstosupplementone’sdiet.Butnow,ithasbecomethefavoritesportandpastimeintheArabianPeninsula.(猎鹰是一种强大的鸟类，经过训练可以与人类合作狩猎。把猎鹰训练成“天空的猎犬”的艺术被称为训鹰。它起源于公元前4000年左右的古阿拉伯沙漠。在过去，猎鹰主要是为了补充自己的饮食。但现在，它已成为阿拉伯半岛最受欢迎的运动和消遣)”可知，今天阿拉伯人用猎鹰打猎的主要原因用作娱乐和锻炼。故选A项。11．细节理解题。根据第二段“Everyyear,falconersbegincapturingwildfalconsinJuneandJuly,themigrationseason.Thebestbirdstocatcharetheoneswithnaturallynurturedhuntingskills,agedoneortwoyears.(每年的6月和7月，猎鹰人开始捕捉野生猎鹰，这是迁徙季节。最适合捕捉的鸟是那些天生具备狩猎技能的，年龄在一两岁左右的鸟)”可知，具有天然狩猎技能的野生猎鹰是捕鹰人的理想选择。故选C项。12．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Onehuntingtechniquethatsetsthemapartfromotheranimalsisthattheycanbetrainedtodelivertheirprey,withoutkillingitfirst.ThisisvitalinIslamicculturebecauseanimalsusedforfoodmuststillbealivetoensurethatthemeatishalal,thatis,properlypreparedaccordingtoIslamiclaw.(它们与其他动物不同的一项狩猎技术是，它们可以经过训练，在不先杀死猎物的情况下交付猎物。这在伊斯兰文化中是至关重要的，因为用作食物的动物必须仍然活着，以确保肉是清真的，也就是说，根据伊斯兰法律适当准备)”以及最后一段“FalconshaveplayedsuchacrucialroleintraditionalIslamicculturesthatanumberofcountriesintheMiddleEasthavemadethemtheirnationalbird.(猎鹰在传统的伊斯兰文化中扮演着至关重要的角色，以至于许多中东国家都把它们作为国鸟)”可知，在伊斯兰文化中，猎鹰在把猎物交给驯鹰人之前，会先让它活下来使猎鹰成为一种独特的狩猎物种。故选A项。13．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Falconryhasgrownsopopularthatspecialisthospitalshavebeenestablishedtotakecareofthesemagnificentbirds.Falconsareevenissuedtheirownpassports.TheyaretheonlyanimalsintheUnitedArabEmiratesthatarelegallyallowedtotravelinsideplanes,enjoyingalevelofluxurythatsomehumanscanonlydreamof.(猎鹰术变得如此受欢迎，以至于建立了专门的医院来照顾这些美丽的鸟类。猎鹰甚至有自己的护照。它们是阿拉伯联合酋长国唯一合法允许乘坐飞机的动物，享受着一些人梦寐以求的奢华)”可知，在阿拉伯世界有专门的医院来照顾这些美丽的鸟类，也就是享有专业医疗服务。故选D项。4.（2023·全国·模拟预测）Norwegianswouldperhapshighlighttheircustomof“gåpåtur”—goingonajourneyonfootoronskis.InDenmark,everyoneknowswhat“hygge”is—tofreelyenjoythegoodlifewiththepeopleyoulove.They’retheissuesof“intangibleculturalheritage”,thingsthatcannotbephysicallytouchedsuchastraditions,stories,music,danceandcraftskills.In2003,UNESCO,theeducation,scienceandcultureorganizationoftheUnitedNations,adoptedanagreementto“preservetheintangible”andmanydeveloping-worldcountrieswerequicktogettheirtraditionsincludedontheofficiallist.Butitwouldtakealmost10yearsfor“AgreementfortheSafeguardingoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritage”tobeapprovedbytheScandinaviancountries.AnnikaSjöbergisresponsibleformanagingtheworkoftheagencyinSweden.Shehasbeen,andcontinuestobe,floodedwithsuggestionsofintangibleculturalheritageworthyofprotection,submittedbycommittedcitizensandorganizationswantingtoseetheirparticulartraditionsincludedonthelistthatshouldbereadysometimeinthenextcoupleofyears.Suggestionshavealsobeenreceivedconcerningvariousmaritimetraditions:oldshipwrightskillssuchasthebuildingofwoodenhulledvessels,areindeclineandatriskofbeinglostforever.“Ourworkhasattractedconsiderableattentionasitisregardedasbeingalittleoutinleftfield,”saysSjöberg.“Inaddition,it’salsoopenedpeople’seyestothefactthatthethingswecan’tphysicallytouchindeedhaveamajorbearingonthewayinwhichwelive.Eveninanurbanizedsociety,thereisknowledgewecarrywithusthatwe’veinheritedfrompreviousgenerations-knowledgethat’simportanttopreserveandtakecareof.”Sjöbergexplainsthatthepointisnottopreservethisculturalheritageinastonyrigidform,astraditionsmustbeallowedtochangeandevolve.Shealsoemphasizesthatherworkshouldnotbeinterpretedasanationalisticproject,ratherasameansofmulticulturalspreading.It’sactuallyamatterofdocumentingtheknowledgethatexistsinthevarioustraditions.Whatismostexcitingisthediversitythatnowexistsandthewaysinwhichdifferentculturesinteractwitheachother.14．Whyare“gåpåtur”and“hygge”mentionedatthebeginningofthetext?A．Toremindpeopletoenjoyahealthylifestyle.B．Tointroducethemaintopicofthetext.C．Toappealtotheworldtomindphysicalcultures.D．TohighlighthowspecialthenorthernEuropeancountriesare.15．Howshouldatraditionbeincludedontheofficiallist?A．Datebackto2003. B．Lastfortenyearsold.C．MeettheagreementsofUNESCO. D．Beinthedevelopingcountry.16．WhatdoweknowaboutAnnikaSjöberg?A．SheisworkingfortheUNESCOagencyinSwitzerland.B．Shemonitorstheprotectionofphysicalculturalheritage.C．Shetriesherbesttorestoretheworld-wideparticulartraditions.D．Shehasbeenmanagingthecasesoftheintangibleculturalheritage.17．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．CreationoftheUNESCO.B．AnnikaSjöberg’sdailyroutine.C．IntangibleculturalheritageofUNESCO.D．SafeguardingtheculturesoftheScandinaviancountries.【正确答案】14．B15．C16．D17．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产。14．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Norwegianswouldperhapshighlighttheircustomof‘gåpåtur’—goingonajourneyonfootoronskis.InDenmark,everyoneknowswhat‘hygge’is—tofreelyenjoythegoodlifewiththepeopleyoulove.They’retheissuesof‘intangibleculturalheritage’,thingsthatcannotbephysicallytouchedsuchastraditions,stories,music,danceandcraftskills.(挪威人可能会强调他们的习俗‘gåpåtur’——徒步或滑雪旅行。在丹麦，每个人都知道‘hygge’是什么——和你爱的人一起自由地享受美好的生活。它们是‘非物质文化遗产’的问题，即传统、故事、音乐、舞蹈和工艺技能等无法触摸的东西)”并结合第二段中“In2003,UNESCO,theeducation,scienceandcultureorganizationoftheUnitedNations,adoptedanagreementto‘preservetheintangible’andmanydeveloping-worldcountrieswerequicktogettheirtraditionsincludedontheofficiallist.(2003年，联合国教育、科学和文化组织联合国教科文组织通过了一项‘保护非物质文化’的协议，许多发展中国家很快将其传统列入了官方名单)”可推知，文章提到“gåpåtur”和“hygge”是为了引出本文主题：介绍联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产。故选B项。15．推理判断题。根据第二段“In2003,UNESCO,theeducation,scienceandcultureorganizationoftheUnitedNations,adoptedanagreementto‘preservetheintangible’andmanydeveloping-worldcountrieswerequicktogettheirtraditionsincludedontheofficiallist.Butitwouldtakealmost10yearsfor“AgreementfortheSafeguardingoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritage”tobeapprovedbytheScandinaviancountries.(2003年，联合国教育、科学和文化组织联合国教科文组织通过了一项‘保护非物质文化’的协议，许多发展中国家很快将其传统列入了官方名单。但是，斯堪的纳维亚国家要想通过《保护非物质文化遗产协定》，需要将近10年的时间)”可推知，传统风俗必须遵守教科文组织的协定才能被列入官方名单。故选C项。16．细节理解题。根据第三段“AnnikaSjöbergisresponsibleformanagingtheworkoftheagencyinSweden.Shehasbeen,andcontinuestobe,floodedwithsuggestionsofintangibleculturalheritageworthyofprotection,submittedbycommittedcitizensandorganizationswantingtoseetheirparticulartraditionsincludedonthelistthatshouldbereadysometimeinthenextcoupleofyears.(AnnikaSjöberg负责管理瑞典的机构工作。她已经并将继续收到大量值得保护的非物质文化遗产的建议，这些建议是由坚定的公民和组织提交的，他们希望看到自己的特殊传统被列入名录，这些遗产应该在未来几年的某个时候准备好)”等内容可知，AnnikaSjöberg一直在管理非物质文化遗产的案例。故选D项。17．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段中“In2003,UNESCO,theeducation,scienceandcultureorganizationoftheUnitedNations,adoptedanagreementto‘preservetheintangible’andmanydeveloping-worldcountrieswerequicktogettheirtraditionsincludedontheofficiallist.(2003年，联合国教育、科学和文化组织联合国教科文组织通过了一项‘保护非物质文化’的协议，许多发展中国家很快将其传统列入了官方名单)”可知，本文主要介绍了联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产。故选C项。5.（2024·湖南岳阳·一模）ClassicalChinesefurniture—adesk,acabinetoranyotherfinepieceoffurnitureandoftenoutofpreciouswood—impressesuswithitsdelicateshape.Thesecretofitsgracefulformislessvisibleandliesinitscomplicatedsunmao(榫卯)system,whichallowsthevariouscomponentstobeassembledneatlywithoutglueornails.Suzhou,ascenicandpeacefulcityinJiangsu,aprovincelongknownforitswealth,developeditsowntraditionofclassicalfurnituredesignoverthecenturies.ExamplesoftheSuzhou-stylefurniturearecurrentlyondisplayaspartofOrientalWisdominSunMao,agroupexhibitionatthePrinceKung’sPalaceMuseuminBeijing.RunninguntilSunday,theshowdemonstratesthewaythatthecomplexsunmaotechniquehasbeenusedinmakingfurniture,aswellasthevariationsthatdevelopedindifferentpartsofthecountry.Alsoondisplayaremodelsofdifferentkinds,aswellasthecomponentsoftwochairs,whicharedisassembledandlaidouttogivemuseumgoersaclearviewoftheinnerstructureofclassicalfurniture.TheSuzhoustylefloweredduringtheMingDynasty(1368-1644),andoncedominatedthemarketinJiangnan,thesouthernregionalongthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.Itintegratedinputfromtheintellectualclass,whoputtheiridealsregardinglivingcesandspiritualharborsintoitsdesign.AccordingtoXuJianping,oneoftheinheritorsofclassicalfurnituredesigninthecity,theSuzhoustylepresentsbeautyinthesamedelicatewaythecitydoes,andrepresentsthelifephilosophyofitspeopletoachieve“refinementthroughcarefulcalculations”.Guangzhoustylefurnitureisnormallymadeoutoftropicalhardwood,anditsformsanddecorativepatternsshowtheinfluenceofEuropeanfurniturestylesresultingfromGuangzhou’shistoryasaninternationaltradeport.TheBeijingstyle,whichismoresplendid,incorporatesaesthetic(美学)andstylisticelementsfrombothSuzhouandGuangzhou.“WhiletheSuzhoustyleislightinweightandelegantinoutline,furnitureintheBeijingstyleismoremagnificent,asitusedtobemadeforroyaltyandaristocracy.”Xusays.“Ultimately,peoplelivewiththeirfurniture,sotheprincipleofqualityfurnitureisthatitshouldbeappropriatetothece.”18．Whatisondisplayintheexhibition?A．ThelifestyleinSunzhou. B．ThemodernfurnitureinSuzhou.C．Thesecretofsunmaosystem. D．TheclassicalfurnitureinChina.19．Whatdoestheunderlinedword”disassembled“inparagraph3mean?A．takenapart B．brokenup C．torndown D．givenaway20．Whatisparagraph4ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Thebeautyofthedelicatecity. B．ThedevelopmentoftheSuzhouStyle.C．Theinfluenceofhistoricaldesignideas. D．TheformationoftheSuzhoulifephilosophy.21．WhydidtheauthormentionGuangzhouandBeijingstylefurniture?A．Tocomparetheirdifferences. B．Toevaluatetheusageoffurniture.C．Toexpressthewaytodisplayfurniture. D．Toillustratethetheoryoffurnituredesign.【正确答案】18．C19．A20．B21．D【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了苏州家具展览——榫卯里的东方智慧。18．推理判断题。根据第一段“Thesecretofitsgracefulformislessvisibleandliesinitscomplicatedsunmao(榫卯)system,whichallowsthevariouscomponentstobeassembledneatlywithoutglueornails.(其优美造型的秘密不太明显，在于其复杂的“榫卯”系统，它可以让各种部件整齐地组装在一起，而不需要胶水或钉子)”以及第二段“ExamplesoftheSuzhou-stylefurniturearecurrentlyondisplayaspartofOrientalWisdominSunMao,agroupexhibitionatthePrinceKung’sPalaceMuseuminBeijing.(目前，苏州风格的家具作为“东方智慧”的一部分在北京故宫博物院的榫卯群展中展出)”可知，展览会上能了解榫卯结构的秘密。故选C。19．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“laidouttogivemuseumgoersaclearviewoftheinnerstructureofclassicalfurniture(被陈列以便于为博物馆游客提供古典家具内部结构的清晰视图)”可知，这些椅子经过拆开和布置，使博物馆游客能够清晰地看到古典家具的内部结构，推测划线词意思是“拆开”。故选A。20．主旨大意题。根据第四段“TheSuzhoustylefloweredduringtheMingDynasty(1368-1644),andoncedominatedthemarketinJiangnan,thesouthernregionalongthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.Itintegratedinputfromtheintellectualclass,whoputtheiridealsregardinglivingcesandspiritualharborsintoitsdesign.AccordingtoXuJianping,oneoftheinheritorsofclassicalfurnituredesigninthecity,theSuzhoustylepresentsbeautyinthesamedelicatewaythecitydoes,andrepresentsthelifephilosophyofitspeopletoachieve“refinementthroughcarefulcalculations”.(苏式在明朝（1368-1644）期间繁盛，并一度主导了江南（长江下游的南部地区）的市场。它整合了知识分子阶层的意见，他们将自己对生活空间和精神港湾的理想融入到设计中。许建平是苏州古典家具设计的传承人之一，他认为苏州风格与城市一样，以精致的方式呈现美，代表了苏州人“精于算计”的生活哲学)”可知，第四段主要是告诉读者苏州风格的发展过程。故选B。21．推理判断题。根据第五段“Guangzhoustylefurnitureisnormallymadeoutoftropicalhardwood,anditsformsanddecorativepatternsshowtheinfluenceofEuropeanfurniturestylesresultingfromGuangzhou’shistoryasaninternationaltradeport.TheBeijingstyle,whichismoresplendid,incorporatesaesthetic(美学)andstylisticelementsfrombothSuzhouandGuangzhou.(广州风格的家具通常由热带硬木制成，其形式和装饰图案显示了广州作为国际贸易港口的历史所造成的欧洲家具风格的影响。北京风格的建筑融合了苏州和广州的美学和风格元素，更为华丽)”以及第六段““WhiletheSuzhoustyleislightinweightandelegantinoutline,furnitureintheBeijingstyleismoremagnificent,asitusedtobemadeforroyaltyandaristocracy.”Xusays.“Ultimately,peoplelivewiththeirfurniture,sotheprincipleofqualityfurnitureisthatitshouldbeappropriatetothece.”(“苏州风格的家具重量轻，外形优雅，而北京风格的家具更为华丽，因为它过去是为皇室和贵族制作的。”许说。“最终，人们和他们的家具一起生活，所以高质量家具的原则是它应该适合空间。”)”可推知，作者提到广州和北京风格的家具是为了说明家具设计的理论。故选D。6.（2024·浙江杭州·二模）Educationin2080isdistinctivefromeducationinthe2020s.Untilabout2035,themainfunctionofeducationsystemswastosupplytheeconomywiththenextgenerationofworkers.In2080,thepurposeofeducationisthewell-beingofsocietyandallitsmembers.Tomakethisabitmoretangibleforyou,Iwouldliketogiveanexampleofwhatachild’seducationlookslikein2080.HernameisShems