外研版初二(下)英语第16讲：unit-8-语法篇(教师版)

Unit8语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.熟练掌握that引导的宾语从句的基本用法2.熟练掌握宾语从句的时态3.熟练掌握宾语从句的否定转移用法that引导的宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可以分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句、形容词的宾语从句。1.宾语从句的引导词that主句的谓语是由“be+形容词（afraid/glad/sure/sorry）”等构成的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。that没有任何意义，只具有语法功能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是做前面动词的宾语，多数情况下that可以省略。但并非所有的动词后面都能接that引导的宾语从句。常接that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词是：believe,expect,promise,think,tell,hope,wish,remember,forget等。Ihope(that)everyonewillhaveahappyfamily.2.引导词that下列情况不能省略1)当宾语从句的主语是that时。Hesaysthatthatisausefulbook.他说那是一本有用的书。2)当主从句之间有插入语时。Itsays,onthecard,thatitismadeinChina.卡片上说，它产于中国。3)当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。I'mafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.恐怕如果你弄丢了它，你必须赔偿。4)当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。Hesaid(that)thefilmwasveryinterestingandthatheenjoyedseeingitverymuch.他说那部电影很有趣，他非常喜欢看。3.宾语从句的时态1)如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。Irememberthathegavemeabookyesterday.HehastoldmethathewillvisitGuilintomorrow.2)如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时等）。Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句都用一般现在时。Hetoldmethattheearthisround.4.宾语从句的否定转移当主句的谓语动词为think,guess,suppose,believe等且主语为第一人称时，从句若表示否定，一般将否定词not转移到主句的谓语中，这就叫作“否定转移”。如：Idon'tthinkhewillcomethisevening.动词为非一般现在时或主语不是第一人称时，否定不转移。Ithoughtthathewouldn’tcomebacksoon.我原以为他不会回来得这么快。Hethinksthatheisn’tfitforthejob.他认为他不适合这件工作。单项选择1.（江西南昌中考）IknowIpromisedtotakeyoutodinner,butIwon'tfinishworkinguntilteno'clock.A.that B.if C.what D.why2.HesaysheschoollastTuesday.A.doesn'tgoto B.didn'tgoto C.wouldn'tgoto D.hasn'tgoneto3.Mr.WhitehopedheChinathenextyear.A.wouldvisit B.willvisit C.visit D.visited4.Herbrothersaidthathetheclubin2010.A.hasjoined B.joined C.join D.joins5.Theytoldthechildrenthatsummerafterspring.A.comes B.come C.came D.hascome6.Idon'tthinkthegirlisright,?A.doI B.isshe C.isn'tshe D.doesshe7.Ihope________itwillsnowthiswinter.A.when B.if C.whether D./8.Iwastold________BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.A.thathow B.howthat C.whenthat D.thatwhen解析及答案：1.由空后句意“......我承若带你去吃饭，但是我直到10点才能完成工作”可知，该句语法、语意都完整，故此是有that引导宾语从句。故选A。2.主句是一般现在时，故宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。宾语从句中有时间状语lastTuesday,故宾语从句用一般过去时。句意：他说他上周二没去上学。故选B。3.主句是一般过去时，从句中又有时间状语thenextyear,故宾语从句要用过去将来时。故选A。4.宾语从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语in2010，故宾语从句用一般过去时。故选B5.宾语从句表达的“春去夏来”是客观规律，应用一般现在时。故选A。6.当陈述部分是Idon'tthink+宾语从句结构时，附加问句应与从句一致。故选B。7.hope后面应该接that引导的宾语从句，that在句中没有任何意义，可以省略。故选D8.注意后面从句的含义是“比尔·盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑”，应该用when表示“当……时”，本句中的that是宾语从句的引导词。答案：D基础演练一、单项选择1.Iknow

Ipromisedtotakeyoutodinner,butIwon'tfinishworkinguntilteno'clock.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.why2.Mymothertoldme

hernamewasLily.A.whatB.whoC.whichD.that3.Ihear

theprofessorwillcomebackfromtheUnitedStatessoon.A.whereB.thenC.ifD.that4.---Haveyoueverseenthefilm2012?---Yes,butIdon'tbelieve

theyear2012willseetheendoftheworld.A.thatB.whatC.howD.if答案：1-4ADDA二、适当形式填空(单句适当形式)1.Ithoughthe_________(buy)thebookalready.2.Hesayshe__________(be)borninJinan.3.Hetoldmethere__________(be)twelvemonthsinayear.4.Tomsayshe___________(go)therelastnight.5.Shehearsthatwe___________(have)anEnglishtestnextweek.6.HeheardTom__________(see)thefilmbefore.答案：1.hadbought 2.was 3.are4.went 5.willhave 6.hadseen巩固提高三、翻译(根据中文提示完成句子)1.汤姆承诺说当我们遇到困难的时候会给我们提供帮助。Tom

hewouldhelpuswhenweareintrouble.2.科学家们认为世界上存有生命已有几百万年的历史了。Scientists

therehasbeenlife

for

years.3.有些科学家相信将来会有更多的机器人。Somescientists

therewillbemorerobotsinthefuture.4.我猜想她一定回家了。I

shemustgohome.5.我们相信终有一天我们的中国梦会实现。We

ourChinaDreamwill

oneday.6.我认为我妈妈不会允许我在河里游泳。I

thinkmymotherwill

me

intheriver.答案：1.promisedthat2.thinkthat;onEarth;millionsof3.believethat4.supposethat5.believethat,cometrue6.don't;allow;toswim四、翻译(全句翻译)1.Webelievethatourgoodwisheswillcometrue.

2.那位医生说挽救病人是医生的责任。

3.他说这些花来自广东。

4.我知道甜点对我没有好处。

5.从这本书上我得知，这个地方已经发生了很大的变化。

答案1.我们相信美好的愿望一定会成为现实。2.Thatdoctorsaidthatitwasthedoctors'dutytosavepatients.3.HesaidthattheseflowerswerefromGuangdong.4.Iknowthatsweetsnacksarenotgoodforme.5.Fromthebook,Ilearnthattherehavebeenmanychangestothisplace.一、单项选择1.Theteachersays

shewillleaveamessageontheheadmaster'sdesk.A.ifB.whoC.thatD.what2.Peoplebelieved

Halloweenisthefestivalofghosts.A.thatB.whatC.whenD.where3.Shesaid

shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster'sdesk.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what4.Ididn'tknow

dinosaurshadaculture.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who5.Hesaid

hehopedtobeafilmstarinthefuture.A.itB.thatC.thisD.the6.Ourteachertoldusthatthesun

biggerthanthemoon.A.amB.isC.areD.be7.MybrotherknowsI

himasurprisetomorrow.A.giveB.givesC.willgiveD.wouldgive8.Hesaidthathe

astorybookthenextweek.A.borrowB.willborrowC.wouldborrowD.borrowed9.Ibelievedyou

yourhomeworkalready.A.finishedB.havefinishedC.hadfinishedD.finish10.I'msure

you'llbewellsoon.A.whatB.thatC.howD.when答案：1-5CAAAB 6-10BCCCB二、完形填空Itwasalreadydarkwhenweleftforthenexttown,whichaccordingto(根据)themapwasaboutfifteenmilesawayonthesideofthehills.Therewefelt1

thatwewouldfindabedforthenight.Darknessfellsoon2

weleftthevillage,butluckilywemetnooneaswedrovequicklyalongthenarrowwinding(弯曲)roadthat3

tothehills.Asweclimbedhigher,itbecamecolderandrainbegantofall,makingitdifficult4

toseetheroad.IaskedJohn,myfriend,todrivemoreslowly.Afterwehadtraveledforabouttwentymiles,therewasstillno5

ofthetownwhichwasmarkedonthemap.Wewerebeginningtogetworried.Then,without6

,thecarstopped.Aquickexamshowedthatwehadrunoutofpetrol(汽油).Althoughwehad7

foodwithus,onlyafewbiscuits(饼干)andsomechocolate,wedecidedtospendthenightinthecar.Ourmealwassoonover.Itriedtogotosleepatonce,butJohn,whowas8

,gotoutofthecarafterafewminutesandwentforawalkupthehill.Soonhecamerunningback.Fromthetopofthehillwehadseen,inthevalley(山谷)below,the9

ofthetownwewerelookingfor.Weatoncetookallourthingsoutofthecar,andtriedhardto10

thecartothefootofthehill.Thenwewentbackforthethings,putthembackintothecaragainandleftthehill.Inlessthanaquarterofanhourwewereinthetown,wherewefoundahotelquiteeasily.1.A.sorryB.sureC.worriedD.disappointed2.A.asB.afterC.beforeD.since3.A.sentB.showedC.tookD.went4.A.attimesB.atnightC.atonceD.atlast5.A.placeB.signC.roadD.view6.A.warningB.hittingC.drivingD.breaking7.A.someB.littleC.enoughD.no8.A.astrongdriverB.abravewalkerC.astrangeclimberD.apoorsleeper9.A.lightsB.streetsC.treesD.houses10.A.runB.drawC.pullD.push答案：1-5BCDAB 6-10ABDAD__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________阅读理解A（江苏扬州江都区宜陵镇中学2015年6月月考）Atravelercameoutoftheairport.Therewerealotoftaxis.Heaskedeverytaxi-driverhisname.

Thenhetookthethirdone.Itcost5dollarsfromtheairporttothehotel.“Howmuchdoesitcostfor

thewholeday?”themanasked.“100dollars,”saidthetaxi-driver.Thiswasveryexpensive,butthe

mansaiditwasOK.

Thetaxi-drivertookthemaneverywhere.Heshowedhimalltheparksandmuseumsinthecity.In

theeveningtheywentbacktothehotel.Thetravelergavethetaxi-driver100dollarsandsaid,“What

abouttomorrow?”Thetaxi-driverlookedatthemanandsaid,“Tomorrow?It’sanother100dollars.

"

Butthemansaid,“That’sOK!Seeyoutomorrow.”Thetaxi-driverwasverypleased.

Thenextdaythetaxi-drivertookthetravelereverywhereagain.Theyvisitedalltheparksand

museumsagain.Andintheeveningtheywentbacktothehotel.Themangavethetaxi-driver100dollarsagainandsaid,“I’mgoinghometomorrow.”Thetaxi-driverwassorrybecausehelikedthetravelerand,aboveall,100dollarsadaywasalotofmoney.“Soyou’regoinghome.Wheredoyoucomefrom?”heasked.“IcomefromNewYork.”“NewYork!”saidthetaxi-driver.“IhaveasisterinNewYork.HernameisSusannah.Doyouknowher?”“OfcourseIknowher.Shegaveme200dollarsforyou!”21.Whythetraveleraskeverytaxi-driver’sname?

A.Becausehewantedadrivertoshowhimaround

B.Becausehewantedtoknowtheprice.

C.BecausehewantedtofindSusannah’sbrother.

D.Becausehewantedtoknowthem2.Whydidthetravelertakethethirdtaxi?Because________

A.theothertaxi-driveraskedformoremoney

B.thethirdtaxi-driverwasakind-heartedman

C.hedidn’twanttospendhisownmoneyonthecomingvisit

D.theotherdriversdidn’tliketotakehim3.Usuallythecostoftravelingonedaybytaximaybe________

A.$100

B.$200

C.lessthan$100 D.morethan$2004.Thedriverwasunhappy________

A.whenheheardthetraveler’slastwords

B.whenthetraveleraskedeverytaxi-driverhisname

C.whenthetraveleraskedhimforhissister’sname

D.duringthetwo-dayvisitBTheBestWaytoSeeLakelandTOURALakeDistrictSpectacularTheLakeDistrictisfamousforbeing"themostbeautifulcornerofEngland"andthetourintroducesyoutojustthat.Fantasticsceneryofmountains,valleysandlakesfromthesouthtothenorth.Thetourincludesalakecruise(乘船游览),avisittothe4,000yearoldCastleriggStoneCirclesethighonthehills.Youtraveloverpasses,throughbeautifulvalleys,seewaterfallsandtraditionalLakelandvillages.Youhaveplentyofstopsforadmiringtheviewsandtakingphotographs.Thisisatournottobemissed.When&Where:EverydayfromWindermerePrices:Adult—$36.00,Child(upto16yearsofage)—$26.00PriceIncludesLakeCruiseTimes:LeavesWindermereat09:45,returnsat17:00TOURBBeatrixPotter'sFavoriteCountrysideThetouristheidealwaytoexplorethefavouriteplacesassociatedwith(与…有关)BeatrixPotter.OurjourneyisthroughthebeautifulYewdaleValley,passingYewTreeTarnandSkelwithBridgemakingourwaytoConistonWaterforourlakecruise.WevisittheBeatrixPotter'sHillTopfarmwhereshewrotemanyofherfamouschildren'sstoriesinthislittleoldstonehouse.Youhavethechancetogointheshopandexplorehergarden.When&Where:EverydayfromWindermerePrices:Adult—$26.00,Child(upto16yearsofage)—$21.00PriceIncludesLakeCruiseonConistonandHillTopGardensTimes:LeavesWindermereat12:00,returnsat16:305.WhatcanyouseeifyouchooseTourA?A.YewdaleValley.B.ConistonWater.C.CastleriggStoneCircle.D.BeatrixPotter'sHillTopfarm.6.HowmuchwillSimon,aboyof12,andhisfatherpayiftheywanttochooseTourAandTourB?A.$84.00.B.$109.00.C.$104.00.D.$144.00.7.WhendoesthecoachleaveWindermereifyouchooseTourB?A.09:45.B.17:00.C.12:00.D.16:30.CMyhometownliesinChangbaiMountainsinthenortheastofChina.InChangbaiMountains,thereisafamouswonderlandcalledTianchi,whichmeans"thelakeonthesky"inChinese.Thelakeis2,194metersabovesealevel.Itismorethan200metersdeep.Tianchiisthreerivers'sources.Thewaterintheriversisverycold.Besidetherivers,therearemanyhotsprings.Thewaterinthespringsisveryhot,andthetemperatureisabout80Celsiusdegrees.Peopleliketoboileggsinthehotsprings.What'smore,somespringsarepleasantforbathing,whichdoesgoodtoyourhealth.Becausethealtitude(海拔)ofTianchiisover2,000meters,youcanseesomesnowandice.AroundTianchi,therearemanytrees.Itisunusualthatallthebranchesofthetreesgrownalongthegroundandtheyarelikelady'shair.OnthebankofTianchiaremanystrangestones,whichdon'tsinkintothewaterandfloat(漂浮)onthesurfaceofthewater.ButakindofthewoodintheChangbaiMountainscan'tfloatinthewater.Thescientistsbelievethatthebiganimalscan'tliveinthelake.Butmanyvisitorssaid,theysawsomeunnamedanimals.Someevenshowedthepicturesoftheunnamedanimalsbythemselves.WelcometoTianchi.Notonlycanyourelaxyourselvesbybathinginthespringsbutalsoyoucanenjoyyourselvesbywatchingsuchbeautifulscenery(风景).8.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.MyBeautifulHometownB.TheTraveltoChangbaiMountainsC.TheMagicofTianchiD.TheSecretsofChangbaiMountains9.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutTianchiaccordingtothepassage?A.ThewaterinTianchiisveryhot.B.SnowandicecanbeseeninTianchi.C.PeoplecanboileggsinTianchi.D.Threerivers'sourcesareTianchi.10.WaterinsomespringsaroundTianchimay

.A.dogoodtosomeunnamedanimalsB.makesomestoneslighterandstrongerC.helpboileggsanddothecookingD.begoodforpeople'shealth11.Thispassagemostprobablyappearsinthe

sectionofthenewspaper.A.travelB.healthC.educationD.news12.ThefollowingthingsinTianchiarestrangeEXCEPT

.A.stonesaroundTianchifloatonthesurfaceofthewaterB.somewoodinChangbaiMountainssinksintothewaterC.thewaterinsomespringsaroundTianchiishottoboileggsD.thebiganimalscanliveinTianchiforitshotwaterDWithoutplanningtourismcancauseproblem.Forexample,toomanytouristscancrowdpubicplacesthatarealsoenjoyedbythepeoplethere.Iftouristscreatetoomuchtraffic,thepeopletherebecomeangryandunhappy.Theybegantodisliketouristsandtotreatthemimpolitely.Theyforgethowmuchtourismcanhelpthecountry'seconomy(经济).Itisimportanttothinkabouthowtourismaffectsthem.Tourismshouldhelpacountrykeepthecultureandbeautythatattracttourists.Tourismshouldbealsohelpfulforthehealthandhappinessoflocalpeople.Toomuchtourismcanbeaproblem.Iftourismgrowstooqu