完形填空解题学案逻辑关系省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件

完形填空解题策略----

借助“逻辑关系”伎俩，

推导主旨脉络

HowtodotheCloze?第1页-------TIMEISUP!-------Warmingupexercises第2页I.请依据前后类比关系在空格中拼写出一个单词。例：Skyscrapersaretocitiesasfieldsareto_____________.

1.Starsareto________________assandgrainsaretobeach.2.Hatistoheadas_______________________aretohands.3.PandaistoChinaasKangarooisto__________________.4.Wateristo_______________________asearthistoland.5.Shopsaretocustomersasplanesareto_________________.universe(宇宙)gloves(手套)Australiaocean(海洋)passengers(乘客)countryside第3页II.依据逻辑关系和划线部分提醒语，推导出一个正确单词并填写在空格中。例：Heis___________forclass,becauseheisstuckinthe

trafficjam.1.Mr.Brownisateacher;heworksinthe_________.2.KFCstaffworknotonlyintheday,butalsoduringthe_______.3.Itissourgentthathehas__________timetoexplainmore.4.Linda________________andfelldownthestairsbecausethe

floorwaswet.5.Timeisveryvaluable.Wemust_________________ourtime.schoolnightnoslippedtreasure/cherish/valuelate第4页Selfobservation第5页借助“逻辑关系”伎俩，推导主旨脉络我们知道：汉语重意合，英语重形合。英语语篇非常追求逻辑严谨，而逻辑严谨达成主要经过使用众多连接词来实现。英语语篇中常见逻辑关系有以下七种：

1)平行或递进关系；

2)转折关系；

3)目标或因果关系；

4)层次或次序关系；

5)例举关系；

6)解释说明关系；

7)归纳总结关系。在做完形填空题时，要学会分析“逻辑关系”，推导脉络与主旨。第6页分类释义练习1.平行或递进关系连接词有：and，or，also，aswell(as)，likewise，similarly，atthesametime，both…and…，besides，furthermore，inaddition(to)，moreover，worsestill等。这些连接词表明下文将出现与前面同类性质内容，或是对前面内容深入阐述。【例l】WhenAlicestartedtocyclehomefromJenny’shouse,shewasn’tnervous.Shewascertainlynotafraidofthedark.36__,itwasonlya15-minuteridehome.36.A.HoweverB.BesidesC.ThereforeD.Otherwise2.转折关系连接词有：although，but，however，instead，nevertheless，onthecontrary，otherwise，totheopposite，while，yet等。这些连接词表明下文讲述将是相反或全新内容或观点，需要格外注意。此时应放慢阅读速度，多留心上下文在意义上转变。【例2】Revisionisnotjustanafterthoughtthatgetsonlyasmuchtimeasyouhaveattheendofanassignment.56,itisamajorstageofthewritingprocess,andwritersreviseeverystepoftheway.56.A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.InsteadD.ThereforeB由前文“她并不怕黑”和后文“这仅仅只是15分钟车程”可知，前后文表示递进关系文段意思是“修改并不但仅是你即将完成一件任务时草草收尾；相反，它是创作过程一个关键步骤，而且作家在这个过程中都在不停地修改”，后一句完全推翻了前一句意思。C第7页3.目标或因果关系连接词有：as，asaresult，because(of)，consequently，dueto，for，nowthat，since，so，so…that…，such…that…，therefore，thus等。这些连接词也是帮助了解行文思绪有用信号。【例3】WhenIreadthesedefinitions,Iamrepeatedlyexposedto(接触)thebasicwordsandlearnhowtheyareusedtoexplainobjectsandideas.55this,IcanexpressmyselfmoreeasilyinEnglish.55.A.AccordingtoB.InrelationtoC.InadditiontoD.Becauseof4.层次、次序关系连接词有：after(that)，another，before，first(1y)，second(1y)，third(1y).atlast，finally.1ateron，next，then，ontheonehand等。经过它们能快速理清文章基本脉络。【例4】Supportersclaimthattherearemanybenefitsofservicelearning.Perhapsmostimportantly，studentsareforcedtothink…theneedsofothers.Studentsarealsoabletolearn...workingaspartofateam.45,studentscanexplorepossiblecareersthroughservicelearning.45.A.GraduallyB.FinallyC.LuckilyD.HopefullyD前文意思是“当我阅读这些定义时候，我就重复接触到基本词汇，并学习它们怎样描述事物和想法”；后文意思是“我能够用英语更轻松地表示”。可见，中间连接词应表示因果关系。B开头说到服务学习有很多好处，然后列举了三种好处。表示层次信息词mostimportantly（最主要是），also（也），可知空格应选finally（最终）来引出最终一个好处。第8页5.例举关系连接词有：forexample，forinstance，foronething，foranother，suchas等。这些词表明下文将给出详细例子。【例5】Thefirstattemptofeventhemosttalentedartists,musicians,andwritersisseldomamasterpiece.Ifyouconsideryourdraftsasdressrehearsals(彩排),oftryouts,revisingwillseemanaturalpart...Forinstance,LlovdWebber53someofthemusicbecausethePhantom'smakeuppreventedtheactorfromsingingcertainsounds.53.A.rewroteB.releasedC.recordedD.reserved6.解释说明关系连接词有：inotherwords，namely，thatis等，表明下文将对上文作深入解释说明。【例6】Whatisthepurposeofthedressrehearsalsandtheout-of-townpreviewsthatmanyBroadwayshowsgothrough?Theanswerisadding,deleting,replacing,reordering,一

51,revising.51.A.inparticularB.asaresultC.forexampleD.inotherwordsA前文说明观点“即使是最有天份艺术家、音乐家、作家，他们第一件作品也极少是杰作…修改看起来像一个非常自然过程”，中间有连接词Forinstance，表明后文将举例说明，所以正解应与revising意义相近。Dadding(增加)、deleting(删除)、replacing(替换)、reordering(重新排序)都是revising(修改)下义词，即被revising包含在内，所以连接词应表示深入解释说明关系。第9页7.归纳总结连接词有：asaresult，so，briefly，inaword，inbrief，inshort，onthewhole，tosumup等。这些词表明下文将进行归纳或总结。【例7】So

30,Nobelhadtodiebeforeherealizedwhathis1ifewasreallyabout.30.A.generallyB.basicallyC.usuallyD.certainlyB从语义上判断，so在这里表示总结：诺贝尔得“死”过一次，才能认识到人生真谛。所以副词应选择basically(基本上，从根本上说)。第10页Selfdevelopment第11页练习属于哪种“逻辑关系”？1)ImetMrs.Neidlintheninthgradeonastage-designteamforaplayandshewasoneofthedirectors.AlmostinstantlyIlovedher.Shehadanunpleasantvoiceandadirectwayofspeaking,36

shewasencouragingandinspiring.36.A.andB.yetC.soD.for2)HaveIgivenmyreadersallofthe63,thatis,facts,opinions,inferences-thattheyneedinordertounderstandmymainidea?63.A.anglesB.evidenceC.informationD.hints3)“...Thisisnottheworstboyatall,41thesmartestonewhohasn'tyetfoundanoutlet(释放路径)forhisenthusiasm.”41.A.butB.soC.andD.or4)Thepursehadhimtakeaseatinthewaitingarea...itwouldbeatleast40minutes_____38someonewouldbeabletoseehim.38.A.ifB.beforeC.sinceD.afterB转折关系C解释说明关系A转折关系B次序关系第12页5)Althoughitwasadictionaryintendedfornon-nativelearners,noneofmyclassmateshadone

38,tobehonest,Ifounditextremelydifficulttouseatfirst.38.A.butB.soC.orD.and6)AsIfoundout,thereis…oftennoperfectequivalence(对应)betweentwo…intwolanguages.Myauntevengoessofarasto…thataChinese“equivalent'’cannevergiveyoutheexactmeaningofawordinEnglish!

50,sheinsistedthatIreadthedefinition(定义)ofawordinamonolingualdictionarywhenIwantedtogetabetterunderstandingofitsmeaning.50.A.RatherB.HoweverC.ThereforeD.Instead7)Iwillgive23.AfewyearsagomyolderbrotherandIwerenotgetting...23.A.anexampleB.alessonC.anexperienceD.atalk8)Fewerandfewerstudentschoosescientificmajors,4maths,physics,andbiology,andartmajors,likehistory,Chineseandphilosophy(哲学).4.A.forexampleB.suchasC.andsoonD.asaresultD平行关系C因果关系A例举关系B例举关系第13页Selfpromotion第14页1)(因果关系)InHindi,thename4“childdonation”,because

manychildrendependoninternationalcharityprojectslike

BaalDan.4.A.helpsB.followsC.replacesD.means2)(例举关系)manystudentswantto...andstudyinthese

3

suchasforeignlanguages,internationalbusinessand

law,etc.3.A.placesB.roomsC.areasD.spaces3)(转折关系)Haveyoueverseensnow?TheBritishusually

expectoneortwosnowfallseachyearbuttheamountof

snow1affectseverydaylife.However,thisweekBritain

hashadtheworstsnowithasseeninaround18years.Some

placeshadmorethan30cminaday.1.A.usuallyB.actuallyC.rarelyD.severely1．请依据所给“逻辑关系”提醒，选择最正确选项。DCC第15页4)(平行关系)InLondon,thebus4waswithdrawnforaday

andsubwaysandtrainswerecancelled.Majormotorwaysin

thecountryhadtoclose.4.A.serviceB.drivingC.repairD.supply5)(转折关系)Thecommittee(立法委员会)calledfor

immediateaction,butdidnotethatJapanhadalreadyputin

place10lawstopromotegenderequality.10.A.fewB.numerousC.limitedD.efficient6)(因果关系)Now,theguyswhodon’tplayknowtheycan9

affectthegamebycheeringsotheyscreamandcheerwhen

Garnett,AllenandPierceareplaying.9.A.stillB.seldomC.rarelyD.slightlyABA第16页2．完成以下练习，并说出各自所属“逻辑关系”类别。练习属于哪种“逻辑关系”类型？1)Twoweekslaterourteacherreadastatementfromourheadteacherexplainingthecamerasweretobeusedforteachertrainingpurposesalone,thatthesystemwasnot9switchedon,andthatwewouldbewarnedonceitwasmeanttogolive.9.A.currentlyB.commonlyC.usuallyD.lately2)Toforgivemaybedivine,butnoonesaiditwaseasy...Butforgivenessispossible--itcan2benefityourphysicalandmentalhealth.2.A.hardlyB.thrillingly

C.disappointedlyD.surprisingly3)ThetotalproductionofNormantreesinEuropeisabout30milliontreesperyearwhilethe7is33millionto35million.7.A.productionB.demandC.possessionD.volumesA平行或者递进关系D转折关系B转折或者对比关系第17页4)Growersarenowplanting10trees,butaNordmanneeds10yearstogrow,sopricesarelikelytokeeprisingforthenextyears.10.A.fewerB.more

C.1argerD.shorter5)ThevarietyofHalloweencostumesis3,soitisquiteeasytofindacostumethatisfunandfanciful.3.A.powerfulB.rareC.endlessD.necessary6)Redisusedforsignsof2,suchasstopsignsandfireengines.2.A.roadsB.waysC.dangerD.places7)Afterjuniorhighschool,studentsattendschoolsbasedonstandardizedhighschoolentranceexaminationscores.Asaresult,somestudentstravelagreatdistanceto_____4___theschoo1.4.A.goB.leaveC.attendD.continueB转折关系和因果关系C因果关系C例举关系C因果关系Themore

conjunctions（连词）wefindout,themorescores

weget!第18页端正心态把握逻辑活用技巧

全部完形填空都是纸老虎！！！第19页Practicemakesperfect!

Let’sapplyourskillstothecloze.第20页逻辑关系41.(全国Ⅲ卷·54)Buteventhatchallengeheaccepted,Ihelpedhimmoveslowlyoverthefence.Whenwewerefinally_____ontheotherside,hesaidtome…A.dropped B.ready C.trapped D.safe?被投下准备好被困安全因果第21页41.D

因果关系。因为“我帮助他慢慢翻越栅栏”所以“我们终于平安(safe)抵达栅栏另一边”，故选D。Dropped(被降落)，ready(准备好)和trapped(被困在)与语境不符。第22页42.(全国Ⅲ卷·55)Thatseason,IbrokeallofMiller’srecords…Wewent10—1andIwasnamedmostvaluableplayer……hesaidtome,“Youknow,Ididn’ttellyouthisduringtheseason,butyoudid______.Thankyouforfillinginfor…A.fine B.wrong C.quickly D.normally42.A因果关系。因为做得好(didfine)所以才thankyou，故选A。wrong(错误地),quickly(快速地)和normally(正常地)与语境不符。?很好错误地

快地正常地果因第23页43.(全国Ⅱ卷·48)Rani,myfacelessagentwhomI’dnevermetinperson,gotmerockbottompricesonairfares,cars,andhotels.Buthercoldvoicereally____me.A.annoyed B.interested C.discouraged D.confused?使不悦使感兴趣使泄气使迷惑转折令人开心事第24页43.A转折关系。作者这个旅行代理人总能给他最低价格(rockbottomprices)，这是令作者开心事，不过她冷冰冰声音让作者不开心(annoyed)，故选A。interested(使感兴趣)，discouraged(使沮丧)，confused(使迷惑不解)与语境不符。第25页44.(全国Ⅱ卷·43)Everythingtheyknowaboutyoucamethroughthisdevicesometimesfromhundredsofmilesaway.____theyfeeltheycanknowyou…fromthesoundofyourvoice.A.ThusB.YetC.ThenD.Indeed44.B转折关系。前文“他们对你了解全部经过这台装置，有时来自数百英里远地方”，与“他们以为他们能经过你声音了解你”是转折关系，故选B。thus(所以)，then(那么)，indeed(确实)不合语境。转折关系所以然而然后,那么确实?第26页45.(全国Ⅱ卷·46)Yettheyfeeltheycanknowyouonlyfromthesoundofyourvoice.That’showpowerfulthetelephoneis.Powerful,yes,butnotalways____.A.direct B.useful C.easy D.accurate45.D转折关系。即使电话很强大，不过(but)只经过声音来了解人，并不总是很准确(accurate)”，下文作者经历也证实经过电话了解人并不准确。?直接

有用

轻易准确

转折第27页46.(全国Ⅱ卷·49)Buthercoldvoicereallyannoyedme.Isometimeswishedto______anotheragent.A.promote B.train C.find D.know46.C因果关系。因为瑞妮冷冰冰声音使作者很不开心，所以作者有时希望找(find)另外一个代理人。promote(提升)，train(训练)，know(