化工原理(2)(全英文)智慧树知到期末考试答案章节答案2024年山东科技大学_第1页
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化工原理(2)(全英文)智慧树知到期末考试答案+章节答案2024年山东科技大学Weepingisassociatedwithlowvaporflowrate,notwithlowliquidflowrate.漏液主要由气相流率过低引起,不因低液相流速而发生。()

答案:对Inthetwo-phaseregionbelowthesolubilitycurve,therangeofthesolubilitycurvewilldecreaseasthetemperatureincreases.在溶解曲线以下的两相区,随温度的升高,溶解度曲线范围会缩小。()

答案:错Forgasabsorptionpackingtower,thenumberoftransferunits(NTU)canbedeterminedbygraphicmethodanddifferentanalyticalmethods,andtheresultsarealwaysexactlythesame.对于气体吸收填料塔,可以通过作图法和不同的分析法来确定传质单元数(NTU),而且结果总是完全相同。()

答案:错Theextractiondevicecanbedividedintocomponenttypeandtowertypeaccordingtoitsstructuralcharacteristicsandshape.萃取装置中,根据构造特点和形状的不同,可分为组件式和塔式。()

答案:对Aliquidphasewithhighviscositymayincreasethemaximumpermissiblevelocity.高液相粘度会相应增加空塔气速。()

答案:错Increasetheamountofabsorbent,theslopeoftheoperationlineincreases,andtheabsorptiondrivingforceincreases,too.增加吸收剂用量,操作线的斜率增大,吸收推动力增大。()

答案:对Inthedesignofdistillationcolumns,thehighertherefluxratio,thefewertheoreticalplatesrequiredandthehighertheoperatingenergyconsumption.精馏塔设计中,回流比越大所需理论板数越少,操作能耗越大。()

答案:对Ingasadsorption,thecomponenttobeseparatedassoluteshouldhavelowersolubilitythantheothercomponentsinthegasmixture.在气体吸收过程中,作为要分离组分的溶质应该比混合气体中的其他组分要具有更低的溶解度。()

答案:错Thesmallertherelativevolatilityofthetwocomponentsinthemixture,themucheasierseparatingthemixtureusingdistillationmethod.混合液两组分的相对挥发度愈小,则表明用蒸馏方法分离该混合液愈容易。()

答案:对Thenecessaryconditionfordistillationoperationisjustarefluxofliquidatthetopofthetower.精馏操作的必要条件仅仅是塔顶液体回流。()

答案:错Theadvantageofthetraydryeristhatitissuitablefordifferentshapes盘式干燥机的优点是适合不同形状()

答案:对Forgasabsorption,themasstransferdrivingforceofcountercurrentflowishigherthanthatofcocurrentflow.对于气体吸收来说,逆流的传质驱动力高于逆流的传质驱动力。()

答案:对Inadsorptiontower,cocurrentflowisusuallysuperiortocountercurrentflow.在吸收塔中,顺流通常优于逆流。()

答案:错Whenthegasvelocityislow,theliquidholdupinapackedcolumnisindependentofthegasvelocity.当气相速率较低时,填料塔的持液量与气速无关。()

答案:对Inthedesignofdistillationcolumns,thehighertherefluxratio,thesmallerthetotalsumofoperatingcostandequipmentcost.精馏塔设计中,回流比越大,操作费用设备费用的总和越小。()

答案:错Forgasabsorption,chemisorptionthatwithchemicalreactionsisalwaysbetterthanphysisorptionthatwithoutstronginteractions.对于气体吸收,有化学反应的化学吸收总是比没有强相互作用的物理吸收好。()

答案:错Thenecessaryconditionsfordistillationoperationarerefluxofliquidatthetopofthetowerandupwardsteamflowatthebottomofthetower.精馏操作的必要条件是塔顶液体回流和塔底上升蒸汽流。()

答案:对Theactualmolarfractionofasoluteinasolventisrelatedtoitspressureinthegasmixture.溶剂中溶质的实际摩尔分数与它在混合气体中的压强有关。()

答案:对Whenthegasvelocityishighenough,theliquidholdupinapackedcolumnisindependentofthegasvelocity.当气相速率足够高时,填料塔的持液量与气速无关。()

答案:错AttheadiabaticsaturationtemperatureTas,theairtemperatureandwatertemperaturearenotnecessarilyequal在绝热饱和温度Tas下,空气温度和水温度不一定相等()

答案:错Membraneseparationprocessesdrivenbypressuredifferencesare____.由压力差驱动的膜分离过程是____。()

答案:Reverseosmosis反渗透###Ultrafiltration超滤###Microfiltration微滤###Nanofiltration纳滤Themembranefoulinginclude____.膜污染包括____。()

答案:Particle/colloidsfouling粒子/胶体污染###Microbialfouling微生物污染###Organicfouling有机污染###Inorganicfouling无机污染Accordingtotheheatingmethod,dryingoperationsinclude按照加热方式分类,干燥操作包括()

答案:Radiationdrying辐射干燥###ConvectionDrying对流干燥###Conductivedrying传导干燥Themembraneclassificationaccordingtothemembranematerialis____.膜按其材料可分为____。()

答案:Glass玻璃膜###Ceramic陶瓷膜###Metal金属膜###Polymers聚合物膜Themembraneclassificationaccordingtoconfigurationis____.按结构形态可将膜分为____。()

答案:Hollowfiber中空纤维膜###Symmetric对称膜###Tubular管式膜###Flatsheet平板膜Whichofthefollowingareusedintherandompackingofdistillationcolumns?下列哪些结构常被用于精馏塔的填料中?()

答案:Paulrings保罗环###Berlsaddles贝尔鞍环###Rashigrings拉西环WhichofthefollowingarepositivelycorrelatedwiththevaporflowrateqVinaplatetower?下列哪些与板式塔中气相流量正相关?()

答案:flooding液泛###liquidresidencetimeinthedowncomer降液管中液体的停留时间###theentrainmentratio雾沫夹带比###thebubblingarea鼓泡区面积Whichofthefollowingconditionsaredesiredintraycolumns?下列哪些是板式塔中的理想条件?()

答案:frothing泡沫流###jetting射流Thetypesofphaseinversionmethodsare____.相转化法的类型有____。()

答案:Dryprocess干式法###Thermalprocess热处理法###Wetprocess湿式法

答案:LH1+GX1=LH2+GX2Inaplatecolumn,whenliquidvelocityisfixedandthegasvelocityisraisedfromasmallvalue,whatcouldhappen?在板式塔中,液相流速固定,将气相流率从较小值逐渐增大,下列哪些现象会逐次发生?()

答案:Weepingnormaloperationflooding漏液正常操作液泛Thelargertherelativevolatilityαoflightandheavycomponents,thenumberoftheoreticalplatesrequiredtocompleteacertainseparationtaskis____.轻、重组分相对挥发度越大,完成一定分离任务所需的理论板数会____。()

答案:Less越少ThetheoreticalnumberofplatesNTrequiredtocompletetheseparationtaskusingadistillationtoweris12(includingareboiler).IfthetotaltowerefficiencyETis60%,theactualnumberofplatesinthetoweris____.用精馏塔完成分离任务所需理论板数NT为12(包括再沸器),若全塔效率ET为60%,则塔内实际板数为____。()

答案:18floor18层,Inaplatecolumn,theheightovertheweirhowgrowswith_____.在板式塔中,堰上清液高随____的增大而增大()

答案:liquidflowrate液相流量ThedrivingforceofRO、NFandUFis____.RO、NF及UF过程的驱动力是____。()

答案:Transmembranepressure跨膜压力Inthetwo-phaseregionbelowasolubilitycurve,therangeofthesolubilitycurvewillandextractioneffectwillastemperatureincreases?在溶解曲线以下的两相区,随温度的升高,溶解度曲线范围会,萃取效果。()

答案:Decrease;becomeworse缩小;越差Inacolumndevice,traysorpackingsareusedto_____.在塔设备中,无论采用塔板还是填料,其目的都是。()

答案:increaseareaformasstransfer增加传质面积Whichofthefollowingtypesofplateismorelikelytoinduceweeping?下面哪种塔板最容易造成漏液?()

答案:Sievetrays筛板在萃取设备中,对腐蚀性流体体系,宜选用的设备为;对有固体悬浮物存在的体系宜选用。()

答案:Packedtower;rotarydiskextractiontower填料塔;转盘萃取塔The()therelativehumidityφ,the()themoistureabsorptioncapacityofthisair相对湿度φ越(),表明这个空气吸湿能力越()

答案:LowerHigher低高Extractionusesthedifferenceinbetweenthecomponentstoseparatetheliquidmixture.萃取是利用各组分间的差异来分离液体混合物的。()

答案:Solubility溶解度Theheightofpackingsneededforaparticulartaskisequalto。某一分离任务所需填料高度等于()

答案:HTU˟NTUWhenthefeedtothedistillationtowerisavapor-liquidmixtureandthevapor-liquidmolarratiois1:5,thereferenceqvalueofthefeedthermalstateis____.当精馏塔进料为气液混合物且气液摩尔比为1:5时,则进料热状况参数q值为()。

答案:5/6Intheheatandmasstransferprocessofconvectivedrying,thenecessaryconditionsforthepartialpressureofwatervaporPwofthematerialandthepartialpressureofwatervaporPofthedryingmediumtomeet在对流干燥的传热传质过程中,物料的水汽分压Pw和干燥介质的水汽分压P满足的必要条件()

答案:Pw>PThenumberoftransferunits(NTU)withrespecttogasphaseoveralldrivingforceis7.6,theheightofatransferunit(HTU)is0.5m;thentheoverallpackingheightZinthepackingtoweris____.关于气相总传质驱动力的传质单元数(NTU)为7.6,一个传质单元高度(HTU)为0.5米;那么填料塔中的填料总高度Z为____。()

答案:3.8mThereare5typesoffeedheatconditionsinthedistillationtower,amongwhich,____hasthehighestfeedqvalue.精馏塔有5种进料热状况,其中____进料q值最大。()

答案:Supercooledliquid过冷液体

答案:isexposedsurfaceareafordryinginm2是用于干燥的表面积,单位:平方米Whichofthefollowingphysicalpropertiesaretheprimaryconsiderationswhenselectingextractants?选择萃取剂时,下列哪些物理性质是首要考虑的?()

答案:SelectivityandDensity选择性和密度Insinglestageextraction,ifanextractantcontainingacertainsoluteAisusedinsteadofapuresolventundertheconditionthatthecompositionsoffeedliquidxFandextractionphaseyAaremaintainedconstant,theresultingcompositionoftheresidualphasexRwillbe.单级萃取中,在维持料液组成xF、萃取相组成yA不变条件下,若用含有一定溶质A的萃取剂代替纯溶剂,所得萃余相组成xR将。()

答案:Increased增大DuringaB-Spartialmiscibleextractionprocess,iftheamountofpuresolventincreaseswhileotheroperatingconditionsremainunchanged,theconcentrationoftheextractionliquidwill.在B-S部分互溶萃取过程中,若加入的纯溶剂量增加而其它操作条件不变,则萃取液浓度。()

答案:Uncertain不确定Themembraneclassificationaccordingtomorphologyis____.按形态,膜可分为____。()

答案:Asymmetric非对称摸###Porous多孔膜###Symmetric对称膜###Non-porous无孔膜3、Theconcentrationpolarizationisreversible.浓度极化是可逆的()

答案:对、Theconcentrationpolarizationisthesameasmembranefouling()

答案:错Theimportantmembranepropertiesare____.膜的重要性质包括____。()

答案:Hydrophilicity/Hydrophobicity亲/疏水性###Thermalstability热稳定性###Porosity孔隙率###Surfacecharge表面电荷、Thedisadvantagesofmembranefoulingformembraneprocess____.膜工艺中膜污染的缺点包括____。()

答案:Transmembranepressuredropsdown跨膜压力下降###Anincreaseintheresistanceofthemembraneovertime膜的阻力随着时间的推移而增加###Adecreaseofremovalefficiency去除效率降低###Permeatefluxwoulddeclineaftermembranefoulingoccurs膜被污染后,膜渗透通量下降TheamountofaddedextractantshouldinducethepositionofsumpointMofthesoluteandextractantbeinglocatedat.萃取剂加入量应使原料和萃取剂的和点M位于。()

答案:Areabelowthesolubilitycurve溶解度曲线下方区域Theselectivityofextractantisthefirstfactortobeconsideredwhenselectingextractant.萃取剂的选择性是选择萃取剂时首先要考虑的因素。()

答案:对InaB-Spartiallymisciblesystem,thegreatertheamountofsolutecomponentA,thegreatertheB-Smutualsolubility.在B-S部分互溶物系中,溶质A组分的量越大,B-S互溶度越大。()

答案:对Inaliquid-liquidextractionternarysystems,thereare______situationsthatcanbedistinguishedbasedonthemutualsolubilityoftheircomponents?液液萃取三元物系中,按其组分之间互溶性可区分为_____种情况?()

答案:Three三种Generally,thedistributioncoefficientofdiluentBis.一般情况下,稀释剂B组分的分配系数kB值。()

答案:Lessthan1小于1Atacertaintemperature,whenthehumidityincreases,thedewpointtemperaturewill.一定温度下,当湿度增加时,其露点温度将。()

答案:rise增加Inthefallingrateperiodofdryingofporousmaterials,watervaporizesonthe()ofsolidmaterials.在多孔物料干燥过程的降速阶段,水分汽化的位置是。()

答案:surfaceandinside表面和内部Thesmallerthedryingrateintheconstantrateperiod,the()theXc.恒速阶段的干燥速率越小,临界含水率。()

答案:smaller越小Intherangeof0-120℃,thespecificheatcapacitiesofvaporanddryairarerespectively.在0-120℃范围内,水汽与干空气的比热容分别是。()

答案:1.88kJ/(kg·℃)and1.01kJ/(kg·℃)Therelativesizerelationoft,tw,tas,tdforunsaturatedairis.不饱和空气的干球温度t,湿球温度tw,绝热饱和温度ts,露点温度td的相对大小关系是。()

答案:t>tw=tas>tdThesurface-area-to-volumeratioofapackingisinverselyproportionalto____.填料的比表面积与____成反比()

答案:particlesize(e.g.radius)颗粒大小(粒径)Inaplatecolumn,whichofthefollowingparametersarepositivelycorrelatedwithqL(liquidflowrate)?在板式塔中,下列哪些参数与液相流量正相关?()

答案:eV(entrainmentratio)雾沫夹带比###τ(liquidresidenceinthedowncomer)降液管中液体的停留时间Ingeneral,whichofthefollowingtypesoftrayproducestheleastheadloss?下列哪种塔板造成的流体压头损失最小?()

答案:Sievetrays筛板Whenliquidflowrateislowinadistillationprocess,apackedcolumnispreferred.若某精馏过程中液相速率比较低,则更适合采用填料塔。()

答案:错IftheMurphreeefficiencyandlocalefficienciesonaplateareveryclose,itimplies____.若某块板上的Murphree效率和各处的局部效率非常接近,这意味着____。()

答案:goodmixingacrosstheplate该板上流体混合充分

答案:7.6Sincethepartialpressureofsoluteinthegasphaseoftheabsorptionprocessisalwaysgreaterthantheequilibriumpartialpressureofsoluteintheliquidphase,theabsorptionoperationlineisalwaysabovetheequilibriumline.由于吸收过程气相中的溶质分压总大于液相中溶质的平衡分压,所以吸收操作线总是在平衡线的上方。()

答案:对Foracertainoperatingconditionsofthepackedabsorptiontower,suchasthetowermateriallayertoincreasesomehigher,thetowerHOGwillincrease,NOGwillremainunchanged.对一定操作条件下的填料吸收塔,如将塔料层增高一些,则塔的HOG将增加,NOG将不变。()

答案:错Thepackingcharacteristicsthathaveagreaterimpactontheabsorptionoperationare____.对吸收操作影响较大的填料特性是____。()

答案:theresistancetogastobesmall

答案:300kmol/h

答案:0.137Theabsorptionrateismainlydeterminedbythediffusionratethroughthedoublefilm,toimprovetherelativemotionofthetwofluidsofgasandliquid,toimprovetheabsorptioneffect,thentodo____.吸收速率主要决定于通过双膜的扩散速度,要提高气液两流体的相对运动,提高吸收效果,则要:()

答案:reducethethicknessofbothgasandliquidfilm,减少气膜和液膜厚度

答案:错Ifweadoptagasadsorptionprocessoperatingataveryhighliquidflowrate,theconsequenceswouldbe____.对于气体吸收工艺,如果我们在很高的液体流速下运行,其后果是____。()

答案:highoperationcost,运行成本高,###lowequipmentcapitalcost,设备资本成本低,

答案:对ThegreatertheheightofthetotalgasphasemasstransferunitHOGoftheabsorptiontower,themorefavorabletoabsorption.吸收塔气相总传质单元高度HOG越大,对吸收越有利。()

答案:错Giventheequationofthedistillationsectionoperatinglineasy=0.75x+0.24,theoperatingrefluxratioofthetoweris____.已知精馏段操作线方程为:y=0.75x+0.24,则该塔的操作回流比为____。()

答案:0.96Iftherefluxratiousedinthecontinuousdistillationoperationislessthantheoriginalrefluxratio,then____.操作中连续精馏塔,如采用的回

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