2023-2024学年上海市浦东新区高一年级下册期中考试英语试卷含详解

浦东新区2023学年度第二学期期中教学质量检测

高一英语试卷

(时间为90分钟)

I.GrammarandVocabulary20%

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.For

theblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useoneword

thatbestfitseachblank.

In1831,a22-year-oldEnglishbiologistcalledCharlesDarwinboardedtheHMSBeagleinPlymouthandsetoffonan

incrediblevoyage.Hisaimwastoobservethenaturalworldinplaces1hadnotbeenstudiedinmuchdetail.

Almost200yearslater,anothermission,theDarwin200,hasinvitedateamofconservationiststoretracebacktheBeagle5s

journey.

HMSBeagle'smissionwastomaptheharboursofSouthAmerica.Darwinwasinvitedalong2(survey)the

naturalworld.HisobservationsontheGalapagosIslands,around560milesoffthecoastofEcuador,changedthewayDarwin

sawnature,3(lead)toDarwin'smostfamouswork:histheoryofevolution(进化论).Thisexplained

4specieschangeovertimetoadapttotheirenvironments,aprocesscallednaturalselection.Ithasbeendescribed

as"5(big)singleideainthehistoryofhumanthought”.

WhatisDarwin200'smission?TheDarwin200ship6(sail)morethan40,000milesandstopat32portsin

fourcontinents.Specially7(choose)conservationistswilljoinatdifferentstagesforaweekeachtocarryout

wildlifestudies.8thejourney,theship'screwwillmakefilmsthatexplainCharlesDarwin'sdiscoveries.

TheDarwin200teamwilltravelina50-metre-longDutchsailingshipcalledOosterschelde,which9(build)

in1918andhasbeenrestoredfullyforthisvoyage.Theship'scaptainsaid,"Shehassailedthedistancefromheretothe

Moonandbacktwice!10Imayhandlethemostdifficultsituations,Itrusthertobringmebackhomesafely.^^

TheshipisduetoreachtheGalapagosIslandsinApril2025

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereis

onewordmorethanyouneed.

A.attackingB.beatenC.bitesD.dignityE.diverseF.

emotional

G.exhibitingH.linkI.literatureJ.strengthK.struggles

Hemingway'sTheOldManandtheSeaisthesimplestoryofanoldCubanfishermanwhoundergoesthemostdifficult

struggleofhislife.Inthetitlecharacter,Santiago,HemingwaydescribesoneofthemostdistinguishedexamplesinAmerican

11ofanindividuallookingdeepwithintoworkupthecouragenecessarytogetthroughtheachievementsandsad

eventsthatlifepresents.

Aloneonthesea,Santiagocontinuously12tofindhopeinseveralseeminglyhopelesssituations.Theoldman

illustratesHemingway'sidealof13"graceunderpressure”,asherefusestogiveintotheenormousobstacles（障

碍）presentedbythesea.Relyingonmemoriesofhisyouth,Santiagofindsthe14tophysicallyandemotionally

carryonthroughoutthestory.

Aftercatchingthegreatmarlin（马林鱼）Santiagorealizesheisunabletoquicklykillthefish,anditproceedstopull

himfartherouttosea.Yet,throughoutthebattlebetweenmanandfishtheoldmanbeginstorecognizea（n）15

betweenhimandthemarlin,repeatedlyreferringtoitashisbrother.Boththeoldmanandthefishareonlyinsignificant

amongthe16creaturesatsea,joinedtogetherbythefactthattheyareatthemercyofthesea.

Thefish,therefore,changesfrommerelybeingSantiago'sprey（猎物）intoareflectionoftheoldman's17and

physicalstate.WhenthesharksdamagethedeadmarlinhangingoffthesideoftheboatasSantiagostrugglestosailhome,

theoldmanfightsthemoffasiftheywere18him.Onlywhenthemarlin'sbodyhasbeenentirelyeatenawaydoes

Santiagogiveup,knowinghe"was19nowfinally^^.

Althoughtheoldmanseeminglyfailsoncethesharksstealhisprizefish,theycannottakeawaythefactthatSantiago

hasdonetheunthinkablebystayingwithandcatchingafish"biggerthanhehadeverheardof\Inspiteofnotsuccessfully

bringingthefishback,Santiagofightswith20—firsttocatchthemarlin,thentoprotecthisfishfromthesharks

一andindoingsodeclareshishumanitybyremainingresilient（坚韧的）inthefaceofachievementsandsadevents.

II.ReadingComprehension35%

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,Cand

D.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

5WaystoDetermineWebsiteReliability

Foreverytrustworthywebsite,thereistonsofinformationthat'sinaccurate,unreliableorjustcrazy.Forthe

inexperiencedjournalistorresearcher,suchsitescan21awiderangeofpossibleproblems.Withthatinmind,here

arefivewaystotellifawebsiteis22.

•LookforEstablishedInstitutions

Theinternetisfullofwebsitesthatwere23fiveminutesago.Whatyouwantaresitesassociatedwith

24institutionsthathavebeenaroundforawhileandhaveaproventrackrecordofreliability.Suchsitesmayinclude

thoserunbygovernmentagencies,nonprofitorganizationoruniversities.

•ConsultSiteswithExpertise（专门知识）

Youwouldn'tgotothehospitaltohaveyourcarrepaired.Thisisanobviouspoint:25websitesthatspecialize

inthekindofinformationyou'reseeking.26.ifyou'rewritingastoryonafluoutbreak,checkoutmedicalwebsites,

suchasTheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.

•27CommercialSites

Sitesrunbycompaniesandbusiness——theirwebsitesusuallyendin.com-areoftentryingtosellyousomething.And

ifthey'retryingtosellyousomething,chancesarewhateverinformationthey'representingwillbetilted（偏向）28

theirproduct.Thafsnottosaycommercialsitesshouldbe29entirely.Butbecautious.

•Checkthe30

Asareporter,youneedthemostup-to-dateinformationavailable,soifawebsiteseemsold,ifsprobablybesttokeep

distancefromit.Onewaytocheck:Lookfora"last31dateonthepageorsite.

•ChecktheLinks

Respected32oftenlinktoeachother.Youcanfindoutwhichotherwebsiteslinktothesiteyou're

researchingbyconductingalink-specificGooglesearch.EnterthefollowingtextintotheGooglesearchfield,

33"[WEBSITE^'withthedomain（域名）ofthesiteyou'reresearching:link:http://www.fWEBSITEJ.com.

Forexample,link:http:〃www上.

Thesearch34willshowyouwhichwebsiteslinktotheoneyou'reresearching.Iflotsofsitesarelinking

toyoursite,andthosesitesseemreliable,thafsagood35.Thenitseemsthatyoudon'tneedtoworryabout

themtoomuch

21.

A.perceiveB.causeC.trackD.confirm

22.

A.flexibleB.informativeC.reliableD.appealing

23.

A.startedB.bannedC.visitedD.evaluated

24.

A.temporaryB.accessibleC.existingD.trusted

25.

A.SetupB.CommunicatewithC.LookforD.Investin

26.

A.HoweverB.ContrarilyC.InadditionD.Forexample

27.

A.AvoidB.GreetC.NoticeD.Run

28.

A.inplaceofB.inresistancetoC.infavourofD.onbehalfof

29

A.consideredB.screenedC.assessedD.refreshed

30.

A.SiteB.JournalistC.SourceD.Date

31.

A.updatedB.registeredC.spottedD.clicked

32.

A.fieldsB.companiesC.textsD.websites

33.

A.illustratingB.replacingC.connectingD.searching

34.

AteamsB.firmsC.resultsD.authorities

35.

A.signB.reputationC.journalD.product

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinished

statements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbest

accordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

A

In2008,amanwholivedinDetroitnamedJerroldFoke,whomeveryonecalled“UncleJerrold”,cameupwithan

unusualidea.Fokehadrealizedthatforalongtime,therehadonlybeen26lettersintheEnglishalphabet.Hehadreferred

toanotheralphabet,calledthephoneticalphabet（音标字母表）一whichislikeanalphabetforsounds-andcameacross

asymbolthatarousedhisinterest.Itlookslikeanupside-down,lowercase"e"（"o"）andrepresentsthesound,likethe

noiseyoumakewhenyou'reconfused.Itiscalledthe“schwa”.Fokethoughtitmightbetimeforanewlettertobeadded.

JerroldhadagoodreasonforwantingtoaddanewlettertotheEnglishalphabet.HethoughtthatifEnglishgotanew

letter,thenpeoplemightbeabletomakenewwords.Hereasonedthatifpeoplemadenewwords,theymightbeableto

communicatebetter.

Jerroldbegantellingeveryoneheknewabouttheschwa.Herequestedthatfriendshelphimmakenewwordsusingthe

schwa.Peoplewouldusetheschwatomakean"uh"soundintheword.Hisfriendsthoughtthiswasaprettygoodidea.

JerroldlivedinahotelindowntownDetroit.Everyday,whenhewentdowntothelobby（大厅）someoneheknew

wouldtellhimanewwordhe'dmade.Inanefforttospreadtheschwastillfarther,Jerroldbegantospendsomeofhisdays

standinginCampusMartiusPlaza,withasignthatsaid"Haveyouheardabouttheschwa?”Helikedtosharesomeofthe

wordsheandhisfriendshadmade,andtheninvitethesepeopletomaketheirownschwa-basedwords.Somepeopledidso

enthusiastically,whileothersweremoredoubtfulabouttheschwa'spotential.WhenpeopleaskedJerroldwheretheschwa

shouldgointhealphabet,he'dalwayssay,“Inthefront.^^Whenpeopleaskedhimwhy,he'dsay,"'Becausethafswhereit

belongs.99

BecauseofJerrold'swork,peoplewereencouragedtomaketheirownwords,whetherusingtheschwaornot.Hisgoal

ofincreasingcommunicationbetweendifferentpeopleremainedonethatwasgreatlyvalued.

36.Accordingtothepassage,Jerrolcfsunusualideawasto

A.developaninterestinlanguageB.makeaconfusingnoiseinpublic

C.introduceanewwordtohisfriendD.addalettertotheEnglishalphabet

37.Jerroldencouragedpeopletousetheschwamainlybecause

A.itwouldcatchoninEnglandverysoonB.peoplewerereluctanttomakenewwords

C.itmightallowpeopletocommunicatebetterD.therewerethingsforwhichEnglishhadnoword

38.Jerrold'sworkcanbedescribedas

A.valuelessB.confusingC.inspiringD.unreasonable

Throughouthistory,humanshavecomeupwithwaystoentertainthemselvesusingobjectssuchascards,counters,and

boards.Overthousandsofyears,thesehaveevolved（进化）intothegamesweknowtoday,fromtraditionalsetswithsimple

rulesandbasicpieces,allthewaytomodernelectronicconsoles（seethepictureattachedontheright-handside）with

advancedtechnologyandlifelikeinteractivegraphics（图形）.

StrategygameChess

WhereAsiaWhenc.600AD

Manycountriesclaimtohaveinventedchessbutoneforerimnerofthegameappearedin

Indiainthe7thcentury.Overthecenturieschesshasevolvedandspreadacrosstheglobe,

becomingoneofthemostpopularstrategygames.Itisplayedwithtwoplayerswhotake

turnstomove16piecestoattackeachother?sking.Theaimistotrapthekinginto

checkmate（将死），sothatitcannotmovetosafety.

CardgameChineseplayingcards

WhereChinaWhen9thcenturyAD

TheearliestknownplayingcardsarebelievedtohaveoriginatedinChinaduringtheTang

Dynasty,thoughhowgameswiththesecardswereplayedisnotknowntoday.Themodern

packof52playingcards,withVhearts,全spades,♦diamonds,and喙clubs,developedmuch

later,inFranceduringthe15thcentury.

WordgameCrossword

WhereUSWhen1913

ThefirstcrosswordpuzzlewaspublishedintheSundaysupplement（土曾干Ll）oftheNewYork

Worldnewspaper.Aseriesofwrittenclueshelptheplayercompleteagrid（方格）of

horizontalandverticalmissingwords.Crosswordsarenotonlyentertaining,butalso

expandvocabularyandaidbraindevelopment.

39Whichofthefourchoicesbestmatchesthepictureontheright?

D.

40.Theunderlinedword"fbrerunner“inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.

A.followerB.pioneerC.winnerD.loser

41.Thepassageislikelytobeanexcerptfrom.

A.CulturesofAsiaB.PlayingGames

C.20th-centuryFashionD.ScientificInspiration

C

IstartedparticipatinginstudentjournalismwhenIwasinhighschool.AndwhenIstarted,Ireallyjustsawmyarticles

asmorefunversionsoftheacademicessaysIwaswritingeverydayinclass.Itwasn'treallyuntilanarticleIwroteinMarch

2020,thatIreallyunderstoodthepowerofexpressingmyvoicethroughjournalism,andtheuniqueappealandresponsibility

ofbeingbothastudentandajournalist.

Mostofthethingsreportedoninstudentpublicationsdirectlyorindirectlyaffectthejournalistswritingaboutthem.This

differsfrommainstreampublications（干U物），whooftenhavetheprivilege（特权）toobjectivelycoverthingsthattheyhave

noconnectionwith.Studentjournalists,ontheotherhand,oftenfindthemselvestryingtoputonadifferent"hat"whenit

comestoreporting,butinmyeyespartofthemagicofbeingastudentjournalististhatdespiteputtingonadifferent"hat",

ifsstillthesameyou.

Weknowwhatisimportanttoreportonbecauseweareconstantlysurroundedbythestudentvoice.AnIrishTimesor

Independentreporterwouldneverknowabouttheburdenofhighrents,orwhysomanycampusspacesarenotaccessible,or

feelthefearsofexaminationchangesinlightofartificialintelligence.Studentsknowwhatstudentscareabout,andwhat

issuesaren'tgettingtheattentiontheydeserve.

I'vealwaysbeendrawntocommentarticles,particularlybecauseit'saplaceIfeelmyvoiceholdsaspecialsignificance,

andonewheremywordsandmyarticlescometogethertorepresentme.Opinionpiecesareunique,inthattheyaretheonly

articleformatthatdoesn'thavetobeentirelyobjective.I,andmanyothercommentwritersIchatto,findthisfreeing.It'sa

relaxingexperiencetoworkoutanimportantissuefromyourownviewpointandevenwithyourownfrustration（挫败、失

意）orpraise,anditfeelsespeciallypersonal.

Weneedtoprotectstudentjournalists,butwealsoneedtoexpandthefieldwecancoverinstudentjournalism.The

studentvoiceispowerfulbecauseitisdiverse,andit'scriticaltoreflecttheirvoice.Thepressalsohasanimportantrolein

defendingitself.Freedomofinformationisoneofthemostsacred（神圣的）thingswehave,andonethatweasstudentsneed

toprotect.

42.Howarestudentjournalistsdifferentfromthemainstreampublications?

A.Theycanhardlyidentifyissuesrelevanttopeers.

B.Theyhaveanobjectiveviewpointontheissues.

C.Theyreportonissuesdirectlyaffectingthem.

D.Theyprioritizeobjectivityoverotherthings

43.Thewritermostlikelyagreesthat.

A.studentvoicemayalwaysleadustomakingunfairjudgments

B.studentreporterscankeeptheirindividualitywhenplayingvariousroles

C.studentarticlesofferanentertainingtwistontraditionalacademicessays

D.studentjournalistsshouldfocusonthetopicswithintheirprofessionalfields

44.BygivingtheexampleofAnIrishTimes,thewriterintendsto.

A.informreadersofthehighrents

Battachimportancetostudentvoice

C.praisemainstreammediafortheirefforts

Dbringupthetopicofartificialintelligence

45.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Freedomofspeechandthepress

B.Theimportanceofstudentjournalism

C.Theresponsibilityofmainstreammedia

D.Embracingthediversityofstudentvoice

HI.Translation10%

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.

46.每当有人靠近这只宠物猫，它就会跑进草丛躲起来。（whenever）（汉译英）

47.这两座古镇在历史和文化方面大相径庭。（common）（汉译英）

48.图表显示，该城市发展速度快得惊人，但收入不平等和失业问题日趋显著。（alarming）（汉译英）

IV.GuidedWriting15%

49.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.

假设你是明启中学高一学生李华，最近你发现在体育锻炼期间，很多同学在学习或聊天，并没有进行体育锻炼，请

你写一封邮件给学生会，信件必须包含以下内容：

1.简要描述该现象；

2.谈谈你的观点；

3.给出合理建议和理由。

浦东新区2023学年度第二学期期中教学质量检测

高一英语试卷

(时间为90分钟)

I.GrammarandVocabulary20%

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.For

theblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useoneword

thatbestfitseachblank.

In1831,a22-year-oldEnglishbiologistcalledCharlesDarwinboardedtheHMSBeagleinPlymouthandsetoffonan

incrediblevoyage.Hisaimwastoobservethenaturalworldinplaces1hadnotbeenstudiedinmuchdetail.

Almost200yearslater,anothermission,theDarwin200,hasinvitedateamofconservationiststoretracebacktheBeagle5s

journey.

HMSBeagle'smissionwastomaptheharboursofSouthAmerica.Darwinwasinvitedalong2(survey)the

naturalworld.HisobservationsontheGalapagosIslands,around560milesoffthecoastofEcuador,changedthewayDarwin

sawnature,3(lead)toDarwin'smostfamouswork:histheoryofevolution(进化论).Thisexplained

4specieschangeovertimetoadapttotheirenvironments,aprocesscallednaturalselection.Ithasbeendescribed

as"5(big)singleideainthehistoryofhumanthought”.

WhatisDarwin200'smission?TheDarwin200ship6(sail)morethan40,000milesandstopat32portsin

fourcontinents.Specially7(choose)conservationistswilljoinatdifferentstagesforaweekeachtocarryout

wildlifestudies.8thejourney,theship'screwwillmakefilmsthatexplainCharlesDarwin'sdiscoveries.

TheDarwin200teamwilltravelina50-metre-longDutchsailingshipcalledOosterschelde,which9(build)

in1918andhasbeenrestoredfullyfbrthisvoyage.Theship'scaptainsaid,"Shehassailedthedistancefromheretothe

Moonandbacktwice!10Imayhandlethemostdifficultsituations,Itrusthertobringmebackhomesafely.^^

TheshipisduetoreachtheGalapagosIslandsinApril2025

【答案】1that##which

2.tosurvey

3.leading4.how##that

5.thebiggest

6.willsail

7.chosen8.During##In##On##Throughout##Through

9.wasbuilt

10.Eventhough##Evenif

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了1831年，青年生物学家达尔文随贝格尔号起航，探索未知自然世界。

200年后，”达尔文200”项目重启旅程，追寻进化论起源，旨在通过环球科考促进生态保护。

【1题详解】

考查定语从句。句意：他的目的是观察那些之前没有被详细研究过的地区的自然世界。分析句子结构可知，空处引

导定语从句，修饰先行词places,先行词指物，在限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which引导。

故填that/whicho

【2题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：达尔文被邀请一同前往考察自然世界。分析句子结构可知，空处需要动词不定式作目的

状语。故填tosurvey。

【3题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：他在距离厄瓜多尔海岸约560英里的加拉帕戈斯群岛上的观察改变了达尔文对自然的看

法，导致了达尔文最著名的作品：他的进化论。分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作结果状语。根据句意

可知，动词lead与上文的内容之间是主动关系，此处需要现在分词作结果状语，表示意料之中的结果。故填

leadingo

【4题详解】

考查宾语从句。句意：这解释了物种如何随着时间的推移适应环境而发生变化，这一过程被称为自然选择。（这解释

了物种是随着时间的推移而变化以适应它们的环境的，这一过程被称为自然选择。）分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾

语从句。根据语境可知，宾语从句可以用how引导，表示“解释了物种是如何随着时间的推移适应环境而发生变化

的”；宾语从句也可以用that引导，说明宾语从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，表示“解释了物种是随着时间的推移

而变化以适应它们的环境的"。故填how/that

【5题详解】

考查形容词的最高级。句意：它被描述为“人类思想史上最大的单一思想"。根据"inthehistoryofhuman

thought"可知，达尔文的进化论被认为是人类思想史上最大的单一思想。所以空处需要形容词的最高级。形容词

的最高级前需要加定冠词the。故填thebiggest

【6题详解】

考查时态。句意：Darwin200号船将航行超过40,000英里，并在四大洲的32个港口停靠。分析句子结构可知，空

处为句子的谓语动词。此句描述未来计划，应用一般将来时。故填willsail。

【7题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：特别挑选的环保主义者将在不同阶段加入，每人进行一周的野生动物研究。分析句子结

构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作定语，修饰后面的名词。该动词和修饰的名词之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词

作定语。故填chosen。

【8题详解】

考查介词。句意:在旅途中，船员们将制作解释查尔斯・达尔文发现的影片。这里需要介词“During”或“Throughout”，

表示“在…期间”，符合语境。也可以用介词on,in或者through,表示“在这次旅行中”。故填

During/In/On/Throughout/Through。

【9题详解】

考查时态语态。句意：Darwin200团队将乘坐一艘名为Oosterschelde的50米长的荷兰帆船旅行，该船建于1918

年，为了这次航行已经完全修复。分析句子结构可知，空处在定语从句中作谓语动词。根据时间状语in1918可

知，该动作发生在过去，所以句子为一般过去时态。Which指代“a50-metre-longDutchsailingship”在定语从句中

作主语，所以该动词和主语之间为被动关系。综上所述，句子使用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为单数。故填

wasbuilto

【10题详解】

考查连词。句意：即使我可能面临最艰难的情况，我也相信她能带我安全回家。根据句意可知，空处引导让步状

语，表示“即使我可能，面临最艰难的情况，我也相信她能带我安全回家”，所以用eventhough/if“尽管”，符

合语境。故填Eventhough/if。

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereis

onewordmorethanyouneed.

A.attackingB.beatenC.bitesD.dignityE.diverseF.

emotional

G.exhibitingH.linkI.literatureJ.strengthK.struggles

Hemingway'sTheOldManandtheSeaisthesimplestoryofanoldCubanfishermanwhoundergoesthemostdifficult

struggleofhislife.Inthetitlecharacter,Santiago,HemingwaydescribesoneofthemostdistinguishedexamplesinAmerican

11ofanindividuallookingdeepwithintoworkupthecouragenecessarytogetthroughtheachievementsandsad

eventsthatlifepresents.

Aloneonthesea,Santiagocontinuously12tofindhopeinseveralseeminglyhopelesssituations.Theoldman

illustratesHemingway'sidealof13"graceunderpressure”,asherefusestogiveintotheenormousobstacles（障

碍）presentedbythesea.Relyingonmemoriesofhisyouth,Santiagofindsthe14tophysicallyandemotionally

carryonthroughoutthestory.

Aftercatchingthegreatmarlin（马林鱼）Santiagorealizesheisunabletoquicklykillthefish,anditproceedstopull

himfartherouttosea.Yet,throughoutthebattlebetweenmanandfishtheoldmanbeginstorecognizea（n）15

betweenhimandthemarlin,repeatedlyreferringtoitashisbrother.Boththeoldmanandthefishareonlyinsignificant

amongthe16creaturesatsea,joinedtogetherbythefactthattheyareatthemercyofthesea.

Thefish,therefore,changesfrommerelybeingSantiago5sprey（猎物）intoareflectionoftheoldman's17and

physicalstate.WhenthesharksdamagethedeadmarlinhangingoffthesideoftheboatasSantiagostrugglestosailhome,

theoldmanfightsthemoffasiftheywere18him.Onlywhenthemarlin'sbodyhasbeenentirelyeatenawaydoes

Santiagogiveup,knowinghe"was19nowfinally^^.

Althoughtheoldmanseeminglyfailsoncethesharksstealhisprizefish,theycannottakeawaythefactthatSantiago

hasdonetheunthinkablebystayingwithandcatchingafish“biggerthanhehadeverheardof'.Inspiteofnotsuccessfully

bringingthefishback,Santiagofightswith20—firsttocatchthemarlin,thentoprotecthisfishfromthesharks

——andindoingsodeclareshishumanitybyremainingresilient（坚韧的）inthefaceofachievementsandsadevents.

【答案】H.I12.K

13.G14.J

15.H16.E

17.F18.A

19.B20.D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海明威的《老人与海》的故事内容和体现出的精神。

【11题详解】

考查名词。句意：海明威笔下的主人公圣地亚哥是美国文学史上最杰出的人物之一，他深刻地审视自己的内心，

鼓起必要的勇气，克服生活中的成就和不幸。根据"Inthetitlecharacter,Santiago,Hemingwaydescribesoneofthe

mostdistinguishedexamples??以及句意“文学”可知，应填名词literature,作宾语，不可数。故选I。

【12题详解】

考查动词。句意：圣地亚哥独自在海上，在几个看似绝望的情况下不断努力寻找希望。根据“tofindhopein

severalseeminglyhopelesssituations以及句意“努力”可知，应填动词struggle,根据后文illustrates可知，应用一

般现在时，主语为Santiago,谓语用三单形式。故选K。

【13题详解】

考查动词。句意：这位老人体现了海明威提出“压力下的优雅”的理想，因为他拒绝向大海带来的巨大障碍屈

服。根据"graceunderpressure??以及句意“提出”可知，应填动词exhibit,作介词的宾语应用动名词形式。故选

Go

【14题详解】

考查名词。句意：凭借对年轻时代的回忆，圣地亚哥找到了在身体和情感上继续整个故事的力量。根据“to

physicallyandemotionallycarryonthroughoutthestory以及句意“力量”可知，应填名词strength,作宾语，不可

数。故选J。

【15题详解】

考查名词。句意：然而，在人与鱼之间的战斗中，老人开始意识到他和马林鱼之间的联系，一再把它称为他的兄

弟。根据abetweenhimandthemarlin,repeatedlyreferringtoitashisbrother以及句意“联系”可知，应填名词

link,作宾语，不定冠词提示，应用单数形式。故选H。

【16题详解】

考查形容词。句意：老人和鱼在海洋中各种各样的生物中都是微不足道的，因为它们受大海的摆布而联系在一

起。根据uBoththeoldmanandthefishareonlyinsignificantamong以及句意“各种各样的”可知，应填形容词

diverse,作定语，修饰名词creatures。故选E。

【17题详解】

考查形容词。句意：因此，这条鱼从仅仅是圣地亚哥的猎物变成了老人情绪和身体状态的反映。根据“and

physicalstate以及句意“情绪”可知，应填形容词emotional,作定语，修饰名词state。故选F。

【18题详解】

考查动词。句意：当圣地亚哥挣扎着航行回家时，鲨鱼伤害了挂在船边的死马林鱼，老人把它们击退了，好像它

们在攻击他一样。根据^theoldmanfightsthemoffasiftheywere?,以及句意“攻击”可知，应填动词attack,根据

上文were可知，应用过去进行时。故选A。

【19题详解】

考查动词。句意：直到马林鱼的身体完全被吃掉了，圣地亚哥才放弃，因为他知道自己“终于被打败了”。根据

“Onlywhenthemarlin'sbodyhasbeenentirelyeatenawaydoesSantiagogiveup”以及句意"打败”可矢口，应填动词

beat,结合was可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。

【20题详解】

考查名词。句意：尽管没能成功地把鱼带回来，但圣地亚哥还是很有尊严地战斗着一一首先是为了抓住马林鱼，

然后是为了保护他的鱼不受鲨鱼的伤害一一在这样做的过程中，面对成就和悲伤的事件，他仍然保持着坚韧的精

神，这表明了他的人性o根据"byremainingresilientinthefaceofachievementsandsadevents以及句意“尊严”

可知，应填名词d