高考英语阅读细节理解题三步法带练(17)讲义

一、高考英语阅读细节题三步法：第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)高考英语阅读细节题三步法带练Besideshealthysoil,allplantsalsoneedwater.Thismakesithardtogrowplantswhereit'sdry.ButresearchersinTexasmayhavefoundawaytokeepplantsindryareasfromdyingofthirst.Theyhavedevelopedasoiladditive.Whenmixedintotheground,itwilltakewaterfromtheairtosharewithplants.Theirinventionisasuper-moisture-absorbedgel(凝胶),orSMAG.Itabsorbswaterfromtheairduringthenight.Whenthesunwarmsitthenextday,thatgelreleasesthewateritholdsintotherootareaoftheplants.Thegel-basedmaterial“canbeusedasasoilenhancer(强化剂),aswellasareplacementforsoilingreenhousesforcropplanting,”saidMr.Brown.He'sanengineerattheUniversityofTexas-Austin.Heledtheteamthatdevelopedthegel.Dependingontheplantsbeinggrown,hesaid,thismaterialcouldbe“directlymixedwithsoilincertainamounts”.Theresearchdecidedtousethisprocesstoaidplants.Thegeltheymixwithsoilabsorbsmorningdew(露水)andholdsit.Thenextday,thegelwillslowlyreleasethatwaterintothesoil.Theengineerstestedthesoiladditivetogrowplantsontheroofofabuildingattheschool.Duringanexperiment,theycomparedplantsgrownonlyinsandysoilwithplantsgrowninsandysoilthathadbeenmixedwiththegel.Thegel-treatedsoillostabout60percentofthewaterthatithadstartedwithaboutamonthearlier.Bycomparison,theuntreatedsoillost80percentofitswaterinjustoneweek.Scientistsbelievefuturestudieswillhelpthemunderstandifthegelcouldbeusedforlarger,outdoorfields.Ifitcan,thewatercollectedbythegel-treatedsoilcouldallowcropstobegrownindrierclimates,whereirrigationisnotpractical.1.WhydidtheresearchersdevelopSMAG?A.Tomakesoilmuchsofter.B.Toprotectwaterresources.C.Tohelpsoilgetextrawater.D.Toincreaseagriculturaloutput.第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向1.WhydidtheresearchersdevelopSMAG?为什么研究人员要开发SMAG第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）Besideshealthysoil,allplantsalsoneedwater.Thismakesithardtogrowplantswhereit'sdry.ButresearchersinTexasmayhavefoundawaytokeepplantsindryareasfromdyingofthirst.Theyhavedevelopedasoiladditive.Whenmixedintotheground,itwilltakewaterfromtheairtosharewithplants.除了健康的土壤，所有的植物也需要水。这使得在干燥的地方很难种植植物。但德克萨斯州的研究人员可能已经找到了一种方法，可以防止干旱地区的植物因口渴而死亡。他们开发了一种土壤添加剂。当混合到地下时，它会从空气中吸收水分，与植物分享。Theirinventionisasuper-moisture-absorbedgel(凝胶),orSMAG.Itabsorbswaterfromtheairduringthenight.Whenthesunwarmsitthenextday,thatgelreleasesthewateritholdsintotherootareaoftheplants.他们的发明是一种超吸湿凝胶(凝胶)，简称SMAG。它在夜间从空气中吸收水分。当第二天太阳使它变暖时，这种凝胶就会把它所含的水释放到植物的根部。第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)1.WhydidtheresearchersdevelopSMAG?为什么研究人员要开发SMAGA.Tomakesoilmuchsofter.使土壤更柔软。B.Toprotectwaterresources.怎样保护水资源C.Tohelpsoilgetextrawater.帮助土壤获得额外的水分。（原文直接对应）D.Toincreaseagriculturaloutput.增加农业产量。2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheuseofSMAG?A.Itcanonlybesuitableforgreenhousecrops.B.Itshouldbeusedinthemorning.C.Itneedstobeusedafterrain.D.Itcanbemixedwithsoil.第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheuseofSMAG?关于SMAG的使用，我们能了解到什么第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）Thegel-basedmaterial“canbeusedasasoilenhancer(强化剂),aswellasareplacementforsoilingreenhousesforcropplanting,”saidMr.Brown.He'sanengineerattheUniversityofTexas-Austin.Heledtheteamthatdevelopedthegel.Dependingontheplantsbeinggrown,hesaid,thismaterialcouldbe“directlymixedwithsoilincertainamounts”.布朗先生说，这种凝胶基材料“可以用作土壤增强剂(强化剂)，也可以替代温室里种植作物的土壤”。他是德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的工程师。他领导的团队开发了这种凝胶。他说，根据种植的植物，这种材料可以“以一定数量直接与土壤混合”。第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheuseofSMAG?关于SMAG的使用，我们能了解到什么A.Itcanonlybesuitableforgreenhousecrops.它只能适用于温室作物。B.Itshouldbeusedinthemorning.应该在早上使用。C.Itneedstobeusedafterrain.它需要雨后使用。D.Itcanbemixedwithsoil.它可以与土壤混合（原文直接对应）3.HowdidtheengineerstesttheeffectofSMAG?A.Bycomparingplantsindifferenttypesofgel-treatedsoil.B.Bycomparingthegel-treatedsoilonroofswiththatingreenhouses.C.Bycomparingdifferentplantswiththesamekindofgel-treatedsoil.D.Bycomparingthewatercontentofthegel-treatedsoilwiththatofthenormalsoil.第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向3.HowdidtheengineerstesttheeffectofSMAG?工程师是如何测试SMAG的效果的第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）Theengineerstestedthesoiladditivetogrowplantsontheroofofabuildingattheschool.Duringanexperiment,theycomparedplantsgrownonlyinsandysoilwithplantsgrowninsandysoilthathadbeenmixedwiththegel.Thegel-treatedsoillostabout60percentofthewaterthatithadstartedwithaboutamonthearlier.Bycomparison,theuntreatedsoillost80percentofitswaterinjustoneweek.工程师们测试了土壤添加剂，以便在学校一栋建筑的屋顶上种植植物。在一项实验中，他们将仅在沙土中生长的植物与在混合了凝胶的沙土中生长的植物进行了比较。经过凝胶处理的土壤失去了大约一个月前开始的60%的水分。相比之下，未经处理的土壤在一周内损失了80%的水分。第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)3.HowdidtheengineerstesttheeffectofSMAG?工程师是如何测试SMAG的效果的?A.Bycomparingplantsindifferenttypesofgel-treatedsoil.通过比较不同类型凝胶处理土壤中的植物。B.Bycomparingthegel-treatedsoilonroofswiththatingreenhouses.通过比较凝胶处理过的屋顶土壤和温室土壤。C.Bycomparingdifferentplantswiththesamekindofgel-treatedsoil.通过比较不同植物与同一种凝胶处理过的土壤。D.Bycomparingthewatercontentofthegel-treatedsoilwiththatofthenormalsoil.通过比较凝胶处理土壤与正常土壤的含水量。（原文直接对应）Theengineerstestedthesoiladditivetogrowplantsontheroofofabuildingattheschool.Duringanexperiment,theycomparedplantsgrownonlyinsandysoilwithplantsgrowninsandysoilthathadbeenmixedwiththegel.工程师们测试了土壤添加剂，以便在学校一栋建筑的屋顶上种植植物。在一项实验中，他们将仅在沙土中生长的植物与在混合了凝胶的沙土中生长的植物进行了比较。LeadingmuseumsintheUnitedStatesarecoveringuporclosingdisplaysfeaturingNativeAmericanculturalobjectsowingtonewfederalrules.Thenewregulationsrequiremuseumstoobtain“free,priorandinformedpermission”fromtriballeadersbeforedisplayingancestralheritageitems.TheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryinNewYorkCity,thelargestnaturalhistorymuseumintheworld,announcedonJan26thatitwouldclosetwohallsspanning10,000squarefeetwithNativeAmericanexhibits,astheexhibitsare“severelyoutdated”.“Thehallsweareclosingcontainartifacts(历史文物)ofanerawhenmuseumssuchasoursdidnotrespectthevalues,perspectivesandindeedsharedhumanityofNativeAmericans,”museumPresidentSeanDecatursaidinalettertothestaff,TheNewYorkTimesreported.“Thenumberofculturalobjectsondisplayinthesehallsissignificant,andbecausetheseexhibitsarealsoseverelyoutdated,wehavedecidedthatratherthanjustcoveringorremovingspecificitems,wewillclosethehalls,”Decatursaid.Themovecomesbecauseoftheimplementation(执行)inearlyJanuaryofupdatedregulationsundertheNativeAmericanGravesProtectionandRepatriationAct(NAGPRA).Overthenextfiveyears,museums,universities,artinstitutionsandsimilarplacesarerequiredtoundertakeessentialupdatestoprepareallhumanremainsandrelatedfunerary(葬礼的)objectsforrepatriation(遣送),makingsurethattribeshavemorepowerandincreasedauthoritythroughouttheprocess.“Theultimategoalofthelawisnottocoverupexhibitions.It'snottopreventappropriateeducationaboutdiversenativecultures.It'saboutrepairingandrepatriatingitemsthathavebeenstolenoverthelastcoupleofcenturiesandreturningthemtotherightfulpeople,”ShannonO'Loughlin,theCEOoftheAssociationonAmericanIndianAffairssaid.Chicago'sFieldMuseumearlierthismonthalsoclosedseveraldisplaysfeaturingNativeAmericanculturalitems.TheFieldMuseumhasoneofthebiggestcollectionsofNativeAmericanremainsinthecountryandopenedanewpermanentexhibitioninthespringof2022thatdisplacedthemuseum'slongstandingNativeAmericanexhibitionsincethe1950s.HarvardUniversity,whichhasmorethan5,000NativeAmericanhumanremains,hassaiditwillremoveallNativeAmericanfuneraryitemsfromitsexhibits.“Exhibitionshavealwaysbeendiscussedduringtribaldiscussionsandculturalitemshavebeenremovedfromdisplayatthetribalrequest.WiththenewNAGPRAregulations,themuseumisintheprocessofremovingallthefunerarybelongingsandlikelyfunerarybelongingsoffdisplay,”HarvardUniversity’sPeabodyMuseumofArchaeologyandEthnology,saidinastatement.1.WhatdidChicago'sFieldMuseumdointhespringof2022?A.ItsetaboutdisplayingNativeAmericanculturalobjects.B.IthandedfuneraryobjectstoAmericanIndians.C.ItcollectedsomeNativeAmericanbelongings.D.Itopenedanewpermanentexhibition.第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向WhatdidChicago'sFieldMuseumdointhespringof2022?芝加哥菲尔德博物馆在2022年春天做了什么?第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）Chicago'sFieldMuseumearlierthismonthalsoclosedseveraldisplaysfeaturingNativeAmericanculturalitems.TheFieldMuseumhasoneofthebiggestcollectionsofNativeAmericanremainsinthecountryandopenedanewpermanentexhibitioninthespringof2022thatdisplacedthemuseum'slongstandingNativeAmericanexhibitionsincethe1950s.本月早些时候，芝加哥菲尔德博物馆也关闭了几场以美国原住民文化项目为特色的展览。菲尔德博物馆拥有美国最大的印第安人遗骸收藏之一，并于2022年春天开设了一个新的永久性展览，取代了该博物馆自20世纪50年代以来长期举办的印第安人展览。第三步，利用正确选项特点，确定答案(明确近义词替换原文信息，关注变换原文语态词性或词形，简化或概括原文，正话反说)1.WhatdidChicago'sFieldMuseumdointhespringof2022?芝加哥菲尔德博物馆在2022年春天做了什么?A.ItsetaboutdisplayingNativeAmericanculturalobjects.它开始展示美洲原住民的文化物品。B.IthandedfuneraryobjectstoAmericanIndians.它把陪葬品交给了美洲印第安人C.ItcollectedsomeNativeAmericanbelongings.它收集了一些印第安人的遗物。D.Itopenedanewpermanentexhibition.它开设了一个新的常设展览。2.HowisHarvardUniversitydealingwithallthefunerarybelongings?A.Bysellingthemtootherpeople.B.Byputtingtheminsomelabs.C.Bytakingthemawayfromitsexhibits.D.Bycoveringthemwithpiecesofcloth.第一步，初步读题干，弄清楚关键词所在位置和明确答题方向2.HowisHarvardUniversitydealingwithallthefunerarybelongings?哈佛大学是如何处理这些随葬物品的第二步，迅速定位和找出题干关键词相关的近义词，反义词或者解释性信息，最好明确句间逻辑关系和段间逻辑关系（因果，递进，解释，转折，对比，比较等关系）HarvardUniversity,whichhasmorethan5,000NativeAmericanhumanremains,hassaiditwill