北京市大兴区高一上学期期中英语检测试卷（原卷版）

大兴区2023～2024学年度第一学期期中检测高一英语考生须知1.本试卷共10页，满分100分。考试时间90分钟。2.在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级、姓名和准考证号。3.试题答案一律填涂在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iwasinmyearlytwenties.Ihad___1___fromcollegewithadegreeinEducationbutstillcouldn’tfindafulltimeteachingjob.___2___Iworkedasasubstitute(代课)teacher.Iwasdeterminednottojustslideby.Iwasresponsibleformystudentsandstayedpositive.Icongratulatedthekidswhentheyachievedsomething,and___3___themiftheydidn’t.Onedayjustasthestudentswereleaving,agirlhandedmeafolded___4___.Itwasalovelydrawingfullofchildlikewonderandread:“YouarethebestteacherIhaveeverhad!”Mymouthfellopeninshock.Itreally___5___methatoneofmykindmentshadtouchedthatgirl’sheartsodeeply.AnytimeIwasfeelingdownor___6___Iwouldlookatitanditalwaysmademerelieved.___7___,IlostthenotewhenImovedhouse,butitstill___8___inmymindandheart.Thatexperienceshowedmethe___9___ofsinglekindwords.Ineverdidseethatgirlagain,butIpraythatherlifehasbeenfullofkindwordsandlovingpeople.AndIcontinuetotrymybesteachdaytolettheloveand_____10_____livethroughmylife.Mayyoudothesame.Youwillcreatesomuchjoyandyourlifewillneverbethesame.1.A.studied B.graduated C.worked D.expected2.A.If B.So C.Although D.Unless3.A.chatted B.supplied C.dragged D.inspired4.A.equipment B.book C.note D.picture5.A.amazed B.reminded C.defeated D.removed6.A.moved B.stressed C.excited D.satisfied7.A.Definitely B.Frequently C.Actually D.Unfortunately8.A.existed B.recovered C.suffered D.disappeared9.A.extent B.power C.energy D.principle10.A.confidence B.benefit C.kindness D.desire第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Asweknow,sportsactivitycanmakepeoplemoreenergeticand____11____(healthy)physicallyandmentally.However,everythinghastwosides.Sportsarenoexception.Ifyouarenotcarefulordoexcessive(过度的)training,you____12____(hurt)yourselves.Thus,makesurethatyoudosports____13____(regular)anddonotoverdoit.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ThefifteenthdayoftheeighthlunarmonthistheMidAutumnFestival.Itisafestival____14____symbolizes(象征)reunion.____15____(enjoy)thebeautyofthefullmoonhasbeenalongstandingtraditionChinesecustomforcenturies.EatingmooncakesisanimportantcustomduringtheMidAutumnFestival.Due____16____thedifferentdiethabitsindifferentregions,mooncakesvaryintasteincludingfillingsoffivekernel,eggyolk,jujubepasteandbeanpaste.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Theopeningceremonyofthe19thAsianGames____17____(hold)inHangzhouonSeptember23,bringingmany____18____(athlete)gatheringaround.Theceremonywasthemed“MemoriesofJiangnan”,usingtheelementofwater____19____(show)thenaturalbeautyandculturalcharm.Thethreemascots(吉祥物))areagroupofrobots____20____(name)Congcong,LianlianandChenchen.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AViatorTravelwithaninsiderWhat’ssogreataboutViator?Travelinglikeaninsiderstartshere.RomeCityBikeTourEnjoythebestofRomeonafivehourbiketourwithagoodguide.CyclethroughRomeanddiscoveritsbeautifulchurchesandfancyshoppingstreets.ThetourwillprovideawonderfulviewofRome’smainattractions,plussomesquaresthatarelessmonamongtourists.Duration:5hoursPrice:$56.93CopenhagenFoodTourExploreCopenhagenonafoodtouranddiscoverthelocals’favouriterestaurantswithaguide.Foodsampleschangewiththeseason,butthetourincludesenoughtreatstomakeafullmeal,withfoodslikeorganicicecream,homebrewedbeer,ryebreadsandwichesandmore.Duration:2hours30minutesPrice:$120.28ParisLouvreMuseumTourMakeabookingandjumpthequeue(队)tomakethemostofyourlimitedtimeinsidetheworld’slargestmuseum.Viewsomemostfamousartworksthere,includingMonaLisaandVenusdeMilo.Afteryourguidedtour,youcanstayonifyouwanttocontinueexploringthemuseum.Duration:3hoursPrice:$67.05DelphiDayTripfromAthensVisitDelphionthisfulldaytripfromAthens!Travelingwithaguide,you’llexplorethehometotheTempleofApollo,andwalkaroundDelphiArcheologicalMuseum.LearnaboutGreekhistorywhileseeingthemonuments,andvisittheprettytownofArachovaonthewayback.Duration:10hoursPrice:$108.8521.WhenyoutakeRomeCityBikeTour,youcandiscover________.A.smalltemples B.finerestaurantsC.famousartworks D.beautifulchurches22.Ifyouareinterestedindeliciousfood,you’llprobablyfollowthetourto________.A.Rome B.Copenhagen C.Paris D.Delphi23.Youneedn’twaitinaqueueinParisLouvreMuseumifyou________.A.provideanartwork B.bookaticketC.knowlocalguides D.joinatourgroup24.What’stheadvertisementmainlyabout?A.Guidedtours. B.Fancyshops.C.Famousbuildings. D.Newrestaurants.B“Thefirstprizeforthebicycleraceis$1,000,”saidMr.Hakansson.“Thejudgeswon’tletyourace,”saidMrs.Hakansson.“You’re66yearsold.”“Iamgoingtorace,”saidMr.Hakansson.“AndIamgoingtowin!”Mrs.Hakanssononlysmiled.Sheknewhecouldn’tbeintherace.Hewas66yearsold.Butshealsoknewthathewouldtry.Mr.Hakanssonwenttoseethejudges.“Iwanttobeinthatrace,”hesaid.“Gohometoyourrockingchair!”saidoneofthejudges.“Youaretooold.Thisracelastsfordays.ThemengofromoneendofSwedentotheother.That’smorethan1,000miles.Youwouldnevermakeit.”“We’llsee,”saidMr.Hakansson.Over1,000menwantedtobeintherace.Thejudgespickedonly50.Theywereallstrongyoungmen.Theywentbytraintothetownwheretheracewouldbegin.Theretheyspentdaysgettingready.MrHakanssonwasnotoneofthe50.Sohecouldn’trideonthetrain.“ThenI’llridemybicycle,”hesaid.Andhedid.Herode1,000milesjusttogetwheretheracewastostart!Atlast,theracebegan.The50strongyoungmenclimbedontheirbicycles.Oneofthejudgesfiredagun.Andtheyoungmenwereoff!ClosebehindthemcameMr.Hakansson.Hislongwhitebeardwavedinthewind.“Youcankeepmeoutoftherace,”hesaid.“Butyoucan’tkeepmeofftheroad!”AndthenMr.Hakanssonmovedinfrontofthe50strongyoungmen!Afterawhilehecametoasmalltown.Thestreetwaslinedwithpeople.TheycheeredasMr.Hakanssonrodeby.“Look,Daddy,”saidasmallboy.“TheregoesSupergrandpa!”Everyonelaughed.Awriterforapaperheardtheboy.HetookapictureofMr.Hakanssonandwroteastoryabouthim.FromthenoneverybodyinSwedenwascheeringfor“Supergrandpa”.Dayafterdaytheracewenton.Eachnightthe50strongmenrested.ButnotSupergrandpa!Herodeforthreedaysandthreenightswithoutanysleepatall.Thenherestedonlythreehours!Supergrandpadidn’teveneatverymuch.Hedidn’twanttoleavetheroad.Butsometimespeoplebroughthimcake,coffeeandberries.Thenhewouldeatwhilesittingonhisbicycle.FormorethansixdaysSupergrandparodeon.Inallthattime,hehadonly10hoursofsleep.Atlasthecrossedthefinishline—adayaheadofthestrongmen.Allthetownweretheretomeethim.Everybodycheeredandcheered.Abandfromthefirestationplayed.Dogsbarked.ChildrendancedaroundSupergrandpa.25.Mr.Hakanssongottothetownwheretheracebeganby________.A.runningthere B.takingthetrainC.drivinghiscar D.ridinghisbicycle26.Mr.Hakanssoncrossedthefinishline________.A.thedayafterhestartedtherace B.afewminutesbeforeanotherracerC.adaybeforetheothercyclists D.aftertenhoursofsleep27.Whatmightbethetitleofthestory?A.AnAdmirableSupergrandpa B.AnExcitingRidingRaceC.AnUnbelievableExperience D.AnUnforgettableOldManCInthedeadofwinter,wedon’ttypicallythinkaboutspendingtimeoutdoors,butaccordingtomanyphysiciansweshould.Thesunisourgreatestsourceofavitaminthatisessentialforgoodhealth—vitaminD.Thisimportantnutrient(营养素)strengthensbonesandteethandislinkedtothepreventionofheartdisease,cancerandmanyotherlifethreateningdiseases.Theremendeddailyrequirementis400600IU.Insummer,peoplewithdarkbrowneyesanddarkerskinconvertsunlightfromjust15minutesoutsidewithoutsunscreenintoadequateamountsofvitaminD.Evenduringwinterjusta10minutewalkmiddaycankeepthebody’svitaminDathealthylevels.Duringbriefwinterwalks,wereceivethegreatestbenefitswhenwewearnosunscreenandexposeasmuchskintothesunaspossible.VitaminDcanalsobeobtainedfromfoods.Salmonisoneofthebestsourcesofthevitamin.Eggyolks,cheese,mushroomsandbeeflivercontainsmallerquantitiesofit.Toattractconsumers,foodpaniesaddvitaminDtosomeoftheirmilkproducts.Thepracticeofputtingthevitaminintomilkbeganinthe1930s.Atthattime,manychildrenweresufferingfromrickets,anillnessthatiscausedbyavitaminDdeficiency(不足).Itmadethechildren’sbonessoftandweak.AddingVitaminDtomilkhelpedtosolvetheproblem,andithasbeenavailableeversince.ForpeoplewhostillneedmorevitaminD,thereisanotheroption:takevitaminDsupplements.Theseproductsarewidelysoldinstores.However,anyoneconsideringtakingsupplementsshouldconsultaphysicianfirst.28.Whatisthemainpurposeofthisarticle?A.Tonoterisksassociatedwithanutrient.B.Toanalyzeanutrient’sposition.C.Tointroduceavaluablenutrient.D.Toexplainhowanutrientwasdiscovered29.Whatdoesthisarticleimplyaboutpeopleduringthewintermonths?A.Theyaren’tabletomeettheirdeadlines.B.Theyoftendon’tdresswarmlyenough.C.Theygenerallytendtoremainindoors.D.Theyleavelotsofworkforotherstodo.30.Accordingtothisarticle,whatshouldpeopleavoiddoingwiththeirskintogetthemostbenefit?A.Washingitwithharshcleaners.B.Scratchingittorelieveanitch.C.Allowingittobeeextremelydry.D.Coveringitwithprotectivelotion.31.Howdoesthearticledefinerickets?A.Asarevolutionarydrug. B.Asahealthproblem.C.Asaneconomicaltreatment. D.Asamentaldisorder.DTeamingupwithAIFirsttherobotscameforourjobs.Nowthey’reingforourhobbies.Google’sDeepMindAIhasbeenbusythepastfewyears,creatingprogramstotakeonhumanplayersacrossavarietyofgames.In2016itsAlphaGobeatthebestGoplayerintheworld.Earlierthisyear,itsAlphaStardefeatedtwomiddle—tierplayersatthepopularonlinegameStarCraftII.Nowit’slearningtowinatmultiplayergames.“Artificiallyintelligentagentsaregettingbetterandbetterattwoplayergames,butmostrealworldendeavors(努力)requireteamwork,”DeepMind’sresearcherswroteinapaperpublishedinScienceinJune.Tobesure,putershavebeenprovingtheirdominanceoverhumansinoneononeturnbasedgamessuchaschesseversinceIBM’sDeepBluebeatRussianchessmasterGarryKasparovin1997.However,successfullyusingteamworktowininmultiplayergameswithplexenvironmentswasdifficulttoachieve.Forthispurpose,DeepMind’sresearchersdesignedAIagentsthattaughtthemselveshowtoplayfirstpersongameQuakeIIIArena.Theteam,ledbyMazJaderberg,workedonamodifiedversionofQuakeIIIArena.Thegamemodetheychosewas“CapturetheFlag”.Alltheplayersmustworktogethertostealtheotherteam’sflagwhilesafeguardingtheirown.TheAIagents“trained”with12hoursofgamedata,thenmatchedupagainstprofessionalgametesters.TheAIwon75percentofthetime,evenwhenitsreactiontimeartificiallysloweddowntohumanlevelsandwhentheiraimingabilitywassimilarlyreduced.Andinordertomakeimprovements,theprogrammersusedvariouskindsof“rewards”tohelptheAIplayersweightheirgoalsandactionstohelpthemcooperateintheteamwork.Theyalsousedrandomizedmapsforeachnewmatch.“Thatmeantthesolutionsthattheagentsfindhavetobegeneral—theycannotjustmemorizeasequenceofactions,”saidcoauthorWojciechCzarnecki.TheonlytimehumanswereabletobeattheAIagentswaswhentheyteameduptogether.AteamofonehumanandoneAIagenthadafivepercentgreaterwinpossibilitythanateamofjustAIagents.EthanGachsaidatthevideogamenewswebsiteKotaku,“ItsuggeststhattheAIprogramisabletoplaywithnonAIteammates.”Inthenearfuture,AImaycooperatewithhumanbeingsinsomeotherfields,suchasmedicineandotherbranchesofscience.32.WhatmightbethemostdifficulttaskforAIagentsinmultiplayergames?A.Understandingtherules. B.CooperatingwithotherplayersC.Memorizingplexactions. D.Increasingreactionspeed.33.HowdidtheresearchersofGoogle’sDeepMindtrainAIagents?A.Theyputthemthroughdifferentgames.B.Theygavevarious“punishments”whenAIagentslostthegames.C.TheymadeAIagentsteamupwithnonprofessionalhumanplayers.D.TheylimitedthetimeforAIagentstopletedifficulttasks.34.WhatdoesGachmeaninthelastparagraph?A.AIplayersperformbetterthanhumansinateamgame.B.AIprogramsshouldbeofferedmoregamedata.CAIplayersareabletodowellwithhumanplayers.D.AIprogramshavebeensuccessfullyputintouseinmedicine.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Somestudentsgetsonervousbeforeatest.____35____SianBeilockaprofessorattheUniversityofChicagoinIllinois,hasstudiedthesehighlyanxioustesttakers.Thestudentsstartworryingabouttheresults.Andwhentheyworry,itactuallyusesupattentionandmemoryresources(资源).ProfessorBeilockandanotherresearcher,GerardoRamirez,havedevelopedapossiblesolution.Justbeforeanexam,highlyanxioustesttakersspendtenminuteswritingabouttheirworriesaboutthetest.____36____Theygavethemtwoshortmathstests.Afterthefirstone,theyaskedthestudentstoeithersitquietlyorwriteabouttheirfeelingsabouttheupingsecondtest.ProfessorBeilocksaysthosewhosatquietlyscoredanaverageof12%worseonthesecondtest.____37____Next,theresearchersusedyoungerstudentsinabiologyclass.Theytoldthembeforefinalexamseithertowriteabouttheirfeelingsortothinkaboutthingsunrelated(不相关的)tothetest.ProfessorBeilocksayshighlyanxiousstudentswhodidthewritinggotanaveragegradeofB+,paredtoaBforthosewhodidnot.“Whatweshowedisthatforstudentswhoarehighlytestanxious,who’ddoneourwritingintervention(干预),allofasuddentherewasnorelationshipbetweentestanxietyandperformance.____38____”Butwhatifstudentsdonothaveachancetowriteabouttheirfearsimmediatelybeforeanexam?____39____A.Theywereperformingjustaswellastheirclassmateswhodon’tnormallygetnervousinthesetests.B.Researchersaskedstudentstodirecttheirattentionfromthetest.C.Theresearcherstestedtheideaonagroupoftwentyanxiouscollegestudents.D.Butthestudentswhohadwrittenabouttheirfearsimprovedtheirperformancebyanaverageof5%.E.Theydopoorlyeveniftheyknowthematerial.FItdoesn’tmatterwherewewriteaboutourworriesbeforeanexam.G.ProfessorBeilocksaysstudentscantryitthemselvesathomerinthelibrary.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。Doyouhavetroublefinishingyourworkwithinagiventime?Doyoufindyourselfhavingtoscramble(艰难完成)throughyourworkbecausetimeisrunningout?Itisimportanttomanageyourtimeproperly.First,youshouldwritedownyourtasksonpaper.Thisistomakesurethatyoudonotmissanyofthem.Havingthemwrittendownsomewhereensuresthatyouwillgetthetaskpletedevenifyouforgetaboutit.Ofcourse,youneedtomakesurethatthetasklistisalwayswithinyoursight.Makesureyouhaveaclearviewofyourtasks.Youcanwritethemdowninadiary.Afteryouhavewrittendownyourtasks,itistimetoplanyouraction.WhichtasksneednotbepletedasurgentlyHowmuchtimeareyougoingtogiveeachtask?Isugges