Unit2Thinkingoutofthebox课件-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选修第三册

B10U2Thinkingoutofthebox1.WhatdoesthequotefromJohannWolfgangvonGoethemean?Daringideasarelikechessmenmovedforward;theymaybebeaten,buttheymaystartawinninggame. —JohannWolfgangvonGoetheThequoteisintendedtoencouragepeopletoactivelybecreative,andnottobeafraidofdifficultiesorfailures.Thesedifficultiesandfailureswillcontributetoourfinalsuccess.2.Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkcreativepeopleshare?Ithinkcreativepeopleareopen-mindedandcuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.Theyarealsoflexibleandcaneasilyadapttosituations.Theyarenotafraidtotakerisksandpermitthemselvestomakemistakes.Also,theyareindependentinthewaytheythinkanddothings.3.Howcanyouapplycreativethinkinginyourstudy?ReadingIntroductionPara.1:Einstein’sthoughtexperimentplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofhisspecialtheoryofrelativity.ConclusionPara.4:Thoughtexperimentshavecontributedtothedevelopmentofscientifictheories.Para.6:Para.2:Para.3:1.ReadthewebsitearticleandfinishA1onPage18.Para.5:Thoughtexperimentsaredefinedasexperimentscarriedoutintheimagination.Thoughtexperimentshavealonghistoryandareusedinmanyareas.Thoughtexperimentscanstimulatedebateandleadtoamorethoroughunderstandingofthetopicinquestion.Participatinginthoughtexperimentscanhelpusstretchourminds.MainBody2.ReadthewebsitearticleagainandfinishA2onPage18.(1)Whyisitsometimesimpossibletocarryoutexperimentsintherealworld?Duetophysical,ethicalorfinanciallimitations.(2)Inwhatareasarethoughtexperimentsregularlyusedtoday?Theyareregularlyusedintheareasofphilosophy,economicsandthesciences.Reading(3)WhatwastheparadoxexposedbyGalileo?Ifaheavierballandalighteroneweretiedtogetherandfelltotheground,thefalloftheheavierballshouldbesloweddownbythelighterone;however,thetwoballs,whenconsideredasawhole,shouldfallfasterthaneachindividualball.(4)WhatquestionsdidThomasHobbesputforwardabouttheshipofTheseus?Whatifsomeonecollectedalltheoriginalpartsandrebuiltanothership?WhichoftheshipswouldthenbetheshipofTheseus?ReadingPost-reading1.Scanthewebsitearticleandsummarizeitwithin100words.(1)Whatisthefunctionofgravity?Post-reading-P19Gravitymakesapplesfalltothegroundandstopsusfromflyingoffintospace.(2)WhatisthecontributionofNewton’sCannon?Itcontributedtoamorethoroughunderstandingofgravityasauniversalforce.Italsobecamethefirstandmostaccessibleexplanationfororbitalmotion.Moreover,manysatellitesorbittheEarthtodaythankstoNewton’sthinking.3.FinishB2onPage19.Post-readingTheexampletointroducethetopicinthewebsitearticle:Whatwouldweobserveifwetravelledatthespeedoflight?ThisisaquestionAlbertEinsteinaskedhimselfattheageof16.Imagininghimselfpursuingabeamoflight,hereasonedthatheshouldobservesuchabeamoflightasanelectromagneticfieldatrest.Thisintuitivethinkinglaterplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofhisspecialtheoryofrelativity,asEinsteinacknowledgedinhis1949AutobiographicalNotes.ItcametobeknownasoneofEinstein’smostfamousthoughtexperiments.Post-readingTheinventionofpaperintheformwerecognizetodaywasthebrainchildofCaiLun,wholivedduringtheEasternHanDynasty.Thistypeofpaper,calledCaiLunPaper,wasinventedbyusingmaterialsthatwerecheapandeasilyavailable,whichreducedthecostofpaperproduction.CaiLunhadtheideaoflettingsheetsoffibrefloatinwaterforawhile.Thewetsheetsoffibrewerethenpressedslowlytodrainthemoistureuntiltheywerebonedry.Thismethodprovedtobeasuccessfulandpopularwaytomakepaper.TheinventionofCaiLunPaperledtoarapidincreaseinpaperproduction.4.FinishthefirstquestioninA3onPage18.Howdoyouthinkthoughtexperimentsaredifferentfromandsimilartoreal-lifeexperiments?Thoughtexperimentsdifferfromreal-lifeexperimentsinthattheyareperformedintheimagination,whilereal-lifeexperimentsaredoneinthephysicalenvironment.Thoughtexperimentscantesttheoriesoutsideoftheboundariessetbythephysicalworld,whereasreal-lifeexperimentsarelimitedbythephysical,ethicalorfinancialfactorsoftheworld.Real-lifeexperimentsareinfluencedbyvariousfactorsinanenvironment,unlikethoughtexperimentsthatareusuallysetinanidealenvironment.Post-readingHowever,thetwotypesofexperimentsharesimilarities.Inbothtypesofexperiment,wesetupasituation,observewhathappens,andthendrawaconclusion.Bothexperimentsmustfollowtheacceptedscientificprinciplesofanexperiment,thatis,besupportedbyindependentlyconfirmedfactualobservationsandtakeplaceinthecontextofwell-developedbackgroundtheory.Post-readingDiscussthewritingtechniquesandwritingpurposeofthewebsitearticlebyansweringthefollowingquestions.(1)WhydoesthepassagebeginwiththeexampleofEinstein’sthoughtexperiment?Theexampleofafamousscientist’sthoughtexperimentisaneffectivetechniquethathelpsarousethereader’sinterestinthetopicandalsoshowsthemainideaofthearticle.Appreciation(2)HowdoestheauthorillustratethemainideaofParagraph2?Theauthorbeginswitharhetoricalquestionandthenillustratethemainideaofthisparagraph,whichhelpsthereaderunderstandthedefinitionofthoughtexperiments.Appreciation（3）ReadParagraphs4–5andfillinthefollowingmindmap.TypesofthoughtexperimentsPuttingforwardanewtheoryandsupportingordisprovinganexistingtheoryGalileoGalilei’sthoughtexperimentwithtwofallingballsExample:StimulatingdebateandleadingtoamorethoroughunderstandingofthetopicinquestionTheshipofTheseusExample:Appreciation(4)Whydoestheauthorwritethisarticle?Theauthorwritesthisarticletointroducetheconcept,history,functionsandimportanceofthoughtexperiments.Sheintendstoraisethereader’sawarenessofthisinstrumenthumansusetoexploretheworldwhilealsoencouragingthereadertothinkoutoftheboxandcreatetheirownthoughtexperiments.AppreciationHowareyouwillingtoapplythoughtexperimentsinyourdailylife?Appreciation2.Doyoupreferbuyinghand-madeproductsormachine-madeones?Whyorwhynot?Yes,Ilikehand-madeproductssuchashand-madefansoraccessories.Theyhavetheirspecialstyleandmeaning,whichIvaluealot.No,Idon’tparticularlyfavourhand-madethings.Theymaynotbeasgoodasmachine-madeones,andsomeofthemcanbeveryexpensive.Lead-inReadtheblogpostandfillinthetableinPartAonPage20.ExploringtherulesIdiomsMeaningsinleapsandboundsveryquicklyasnowballeffectreturntothesimplestormostimportantideaspartandparcelasituationwheresomethingdevelopsmoreandmorequicklyasitcontinuesgetbacktobasicsanessentialpartofsomethingPp91–92.Giveexplanationsifnecessary.ExploringtherulesB1onP21.ApplyingtherulesApplyingtherulesB2onP21.ApplyingtherulesIntegratedskillsDevelopingyourcreativityItalldepends.Experienceisofgreathelpasitisthetreasurefromothersaftermanyfailuresandsuccesses,soexperiencesparesusmuchtimethatwouldotherwisebespentindrawingthesamelessons.However,theworldischangingfastandcontinuously,sowhatsuitsthesituationinthepastmaynotbeusefulnowadays.Besides,someonemayrelytoomuchonexperienceratherthanthinkindependentlyfromnewangles,andinthelongrun,itdoesharmtopersonalgrowth.Lead-inIndailylife,whichismoreimportant,experienceorcreativity?Why?ListentothelectureandfinishA1onP22.ListeningListentothelectureagainandfinishA2onPage22.1,600childrentheabilitytobecreativeafixedmindsetfromadifferentangledrawingonpastexperiencetheshouldersAstressfulandbusylifeisdetrimentaltocreatinganenvironmentthatfostersinnovativethinking;Beinglostinaseaofadviceleavesyoulittleroomtothinkinyourownwayaseverypathtosuccessisdifferentandjustbecausesomethingworkedforanexpertinyourfielddoesn’tmeanitwillworkforyouaswell.Youfeelthatthetimeisn’trightyet,buthavenoideawhenitwillbe,endingupwaitingforthismomentyourentirelife.Besidesexperience,whatotheraspectsmightcauselackofcreativity?ReadingReadthearticleinPartBonPage23andfillinthefollowingtable.ParagraphMainideaPara.1

Para.2

Para.3

TheimportanceofcreativityWhattodoindailylifetobecreativeHowtodevelopcreativity1.Whattipsaregivenonhowtodevelopyourcreativity?Lookforconnections,workwithothersandbereadytofightthefearoffailure.AnswerthequestionsinPartBonPage23.2.Whatcanyoudotobecreativeinyourdailylife?Lookforproblemsinourdailylifethatneedtobesolved,trytofindconnectionsbetweendifferentthingsandideas,andbrainstormwithothers.Plus,donotbeafraidtomakemistakes.First,theauthorusesarhetoricalquestiontomakethereaderpayattentionandthinkabouttheirownanswers.Second,byusinglinkingwordslike“firstofall”,“another”and“lastbutnotleast”,theauthormakesthispartclearandaccessible.Theauthoralsousesasimileandametaphortoexplainthefirstandlasttipinamorevividwaysothereadercaneasilyrelatetothatsituationintheirreallife.Howdoestheauthorpresentthetipsonhowtodevelopcreativity?Writing1.Writeanarticleaboutcreativity.StructureDiverselanguagevarythevocabularyvarythesentencestructureExtendedreadingHowtheworldgoteyeglassesYes,Ihavebeenwearingeyeglassesforabouteightyears.Iwouldfinditverydifficulttolivemydailylifewithoutglasses.Eyeglassesprovidepeoplewhohavepoorvisionandothereyeproblemswithopportunitiestoseeclearly,thusgivingthemabetterqualityoflife.Therefore,Ithinkglassesaredefinitelyimportanttomankind.Lead-inDoyouweareyeglasses?Doyouthinkitisimportanttomankind?Why?IntroductionParas.1–2:ConclusionPara.9:Paras.3–8:MainBodyReadingFillinthemindmapofthemagazinearticle.Inall,eyeglassesareagreatinvention.Eyeglassesareanimportantbreakthroughforhumanbeings.Theinventionanddevelopmentofeyeglasses;Problemsandsolutionsofmakingeyeglasses.Whatisthesimilaritybetweentheinventionsmentionedhere?Para.1Thedemandforreadingglassesincreased.Spectacleswitharmpiecesthatcouldclipbehindtheearswereinvented.Paras.3-8CorrectivelensesfirstappearedinItaly.WefaceanethicaldilemmaposedbythedevelopmentofsmartglassesPeoplebeganmakingmagnifyingglasses.About2,000yearsagoThesedaysInthe1280sNowInthe15thcenturyInthe18thcenturyWhatproblemsdopeoplemeetintheevolutionofeyeglasses?Bothtechnologicalproblemsandethicalproblems.Fillinthefollowingtable.

Paras.3-8ProblemsSolutionsPeoplesufferfrompoorvisionHowtousemagnifyingglassesSpectacleswitharmpiecesthatcouldclipbehindtheearsAnethicaldilemmaposedbythedevelopmentofsmartglassesCorrectivelensesMagnifyingglassesNone1.Readparagraphs1and2anddiscusshowtheauthorintroducesthetopicofeyeglasses.AppreciationInParagraph1,theauthorusesarhetoricalquestiontoengagethereaderinthetopicofthearticle.InthefirstsentenceofParagraph2,theauthorasksthereadertotryaquickexperimenttoprovetheimportanceofeyeglasses.Thisnotonlyservesasalinkbetweenthetwoparagraphs,butalsoconvincesthereaderthateyeglassesdeservetobeoneofthegreatestbreakthroughsofmankind.Besides,theauthorusesadiscoursemark“Oh,wait”tomakethelanguagemorevivid.2.Whydoestheauthormentiontheproblems?

Throughouttheprocessofinventingsomething,it’sunavoidabletomeetvariousproblems.Onlybytacklingthemonebyonecanwemakeimprovementsandendupwithsomethingbetter.Ifwearecontentwithanoriginaloneorafraidofunpredicta