2025版高考英语一轮复习新题精练专题四语法填空考点7名词和数词课件

考点7名词和数词过考点基础小题轻松快攻训练计划:动词/形容词转换为名词9个,名词复数4个,名词所有格2个,数词3个1At8o'clock,Iwalkedintoabookshopandpickedabookfromoneofthe

(shelf).

2Tomy

(satisfy),thebossoftherestaurantwasverygenerousandtreatedmetoabigmealfreeofcharge.

3Researchsuggestsnotgettingenoughqualitysleepcanhaveseriouspermanentnegative_____________(consequent).

4TheseYungang

(researcher)attemptisagoodexampleoftechnologyhelpingtopreserveculturalheritage.

5Unlikepopulardestinations,someunderexploredplaceswithlittleonline

(expose)canoffermoresurprises.

6Themoveispartofthecity'sthree-yearactionplantohelppeoplewith

(disable)toliveandworkbetterinthecity.

7Onthefinalday,whenIwatchedtheplay,whichhadbeenchangedmanytimes,myeyeswerefulloftearsof

(excite)andrelief.

8Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomicalincidents,butalternative_____________(explain)arehardtofind.

9JiangYufansaidtheprocesshelpedhergrowandshehopedherlanternwouldbring

(warm)totheworldandlightuppeople'sdreams.

10Allthe

(grown-up)includingNanny,ababy-sitter,andallthechildrensatdownaroundthebigdining-roomtableontheafternoonofourarrival.

11TheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge,whichisknownasthe

(eight)wonderofthe21stcentury,openedonthemorningofOctober24th,2018.

12Atabouttheageof65,mostCaliforniansstopworkingfulltimeandbeginbenefitingfromsocial_____________(secure),medicareandtheiryearsofsavings.

13Asecond-gradeeducationhasnotstoppedgarbagecollectorJoseGutierrez,aged53,frombringingthegiftofreadingtothousandsofColombian

(child).

14Chineseyouthwerebornandraisedwhenthe

(country)economywastakingoff,sotheytendtohavestrongconfidenceintheirnationalidentityandculture.

15Whileinhis

(thirty),ShenKuofrequentlydreamedofaplace.Inthedream,heclimbedahill,thetopofwhichwascoveredwithbrightlycoloredflowersandtrees.

16"My

(inspire)fortheprojectwasthegreatbeautyIdiscoveredinChina'sculture,landscapes,andmoreimportantly,theheartsofChinesepeople,"saysSegev.

17TheeffortsoftheWorldFoodProgramme(WFP)focusonemergencyassistance,developmentaidandspecialoperations,andtwo

(three)ofthemaremadeinconflict-affectedcountries.18TherearesixmajortypesofteainChina—greentea,blacktea,Oolongtea,darktea,whitetea,andreprocessedtea,distinguishedmainlybydifferent

(method)ofproduction.

【解析】1.shelves名词复数

8点钟,我走进一家书店,从其中一个书架上挑了一本书。oneof后跟可数名词的复数形式,shelf的复数是shelves。【拓展】以-f或-fe结尾的名词变复数时,一般直接加-s,如chefs,cliffs,beliefs等;但有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词需把-f或-fe变成-v,再加-es,如calves,thieves,knives等。2.satisfaction动词转换为名词令我满意的是,餐馆老板非常慷慨,免费请我吃了一顿大餐。my为形容词性物主代词,其后应接名词,故填satisfy的名词形式。satisfy变名词satisfaction为特殊变形,需特殊记忆。【易错】"toone's+表示人的情感的抽象名词"，意为"令某人……的是"。常见的这类抽象名词有satisfaction，surprise，astonishment，amusement，amazement等。3.consequences形容词转换为名词分析句子结构可知,空处应填名词来作have的宾语。很显然,负面影响不止一个,故用名词复数形式consequences。4.researchers'名词所有格这些云冈研究人员的尝试是科技帮助保护文化遗产的一个很好的例子。由空前的These可知,researcher应用复数形式,且researcher与其后的名词attempt构成所属关系,故应用名词所有格。5.exposure动词转换为名词

"with+adj.+n."结构在句中作后置定语,所填词意为"曝光",故填不可数名词exposure。【点拨】注意以下动词的名词形式:fail→failure;press→pressure;please→pleasure;mix→mixture。6.disabilities形容词转换为名词空前为介词with,"peoplewith

(disable)"指的是身有残疾的人,此处表示泛指,且根据people可知,应用复数形式。

7.excitement动词转换为名词根据空前的介词of可知,空处应填excite的名词形式excitement。excitement和relief并列作第二个of的宾语。【拓展】名词后缀-ment:通常直接加-ment,但也有特殊变形,如argument争论,judg(e)ment判断力(argue去-e是唯一,judge去留都可以)。8.explanations动词转换为名词空处在后一分句中作主语,应用名词形式;根据be动词are可知,主语应为复数概念。注意:动词explain变名词时应去掉-i后加-ation。9.warmth形容词转换为名词姜宇帆说,这个过程帮助她成长,她希望她的灯笼能给世界带来温暖,点亮人们的梦想。分析句子可知,空处在bring后面作宾语,应用名词warmth。【易错】名词后缀-th：①词尾直接加或去-e加-th的有growth，truth，width，warmth；②特殊变形的有deep→depth，long→length，strong→strength，young→youth，die→death。10.grown-ups名词复数

grown-up意为"成年人",为可数名词,根据空前的All可知,此处应用名词复数,故填grown-ups。【拓展】由"动词/过去分词+副词"构成的复合名词变复数时,在词尾加-s,如grown-ups。由"名词+副词"构成的复合名词变复数时,其中的名词变复数,如passers-by过路人。由"家庭成员+in-law"构成的复合名词变复数时,in-law前的名词变复数,如fathers-in-law,sisters-in-law等。【知识拓展】

可数名词用复数的情况小结1.可数名词前有afew,few,several,many,countless,all,agreat/goodmany,hundreds/thousands/dozens/...of,oneof,anumberof等词或短语,则要用名词的复数形式。2.句中的谓语动词是复数形式,作主语的名词一般也要用复数形式;可数名词前无限定词修饰时用复数形式。3.常用复数的名词:(1)表示由两个相同部分组成的东西的名词,如scissors剪刀,pants裤子,compasses圆规,sunglasses太阳镜,tights紧身衣裤。(2)一些词尾为-ing的名词,如savings储蓄金,findings研究结果,earnings薪水,fillings填充物,belongings财物。(3)表示问候、祝贺、感谢等的名词,如greetings贺词,wishes祝愿,congratulations祝贺,thanks感谢。4.一些固定短语中的名词用复数形式,常见的有takepains,inruins,good/badmanners,makecontributionsto,taketurnstodosth.,inhigh/lowspirits,makefriendswith等。11.eighth数词

2018年10月24日上午,被誉为21世纪第八大奇迹的港珠澳大桥开通。根据句意,此处表示"第八大奇迹",而非"八个奇迹",而且空格前有定冠词the,符合"the+序数词"的用法。【规律助记】基数词变序数词口诀:一、二、三,单独记;八去-t,九去-e,-ve要用-f替,整十基数变序数,先把-y变成-ie,-th最后加上去;要是遇到其他两位数,十位基数个位序。12.security动词转换为名词根据空前的形容词social可知,空处应使用名词。security"保障,保护"为不可数名词。13.children名词复数

child为可数名词,根据空前的"thousandsof"可知,空处要用child的复数形式children。【拓展】名词变复数的特殊变形:mouse→mice(老鼠),goose→geese,ox→oxen,bacterium→bacteria(细菌);medium→media(媒体);criterion→criteria(标准);analysis→analyses(分析);basis→bases(基准);phenomenon→phenomena(现象)等。14.country's名词所有格分析句子结构可知,空后的"economy"是名词,语境表示"国家的经济",应使用名词所有格作定语,故填country's。【知识拓展】

名词与名词所有格作定语的区别名词所有格作定语强调与被修饰词的所属关系或表示逻辑上的主谓关系(如theguest'sarrival)等。名词作定语,往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、用途、材料或来源等,例如:afruitshop(一家水果店),therailwaystation(火车站)。本题指"国家的经济",表示所属关系。15.thirties数词

30多岁时,沈括经常梦见一个地方。在梦里,他爬上了一座小山,山顶上长满了色彩鲜艳的花朵和树木。根据句意可知,此处表示"在某人三十多岁时",应用短语inone'sthirties。【拓展】(1)表达"在某人几十多岁时",用"inone's+整十基数词的复数",如inone'sfifties在某人五十多岁时;(2)表达"在几十年代"时,用"inthe+整十基数词的复数",如inthethirties在三十年代。

16.inspiration动词转换为名词空处在句中作主语,由空前的My及空后的for可知,空处应用名词,故填inspiration。17.thirds数词世界粮食计划署的工作重点是紧急援助、发展援助和特别行动,其中三分之二是在受冲突影响的国家进行的。根据句意,空处为分数"三分之二"的分母,应使用序数词,当分子大于一时,分母应使用复数。【知识拓展】

分数表达法:(1)分子为基数词,分母为序数词,当分子大于一时,分母用复数。如a/onethird三分之一,twothirds三分之二。(2)分子与分母之间加in/outof,分子在前,分母在后,分子和分母都用基数词,如onein/outoften十分之一。18.methods名词复数根据空前的形容词different可知,此处表示"不同的制作方法",因此应填所给名词的复数形式methods。过应用语法填空应用提高Cloze

1话题:腊八节习俗主题语境:人与社会词数:约185

难度:★★★☆☆

[2023河北邯郸二模]The12thlunarmonthinChineseiscalledla

yue,sothe▶1

(eight)dayofthislunarmonthislaba.Thedayisalsoknown2

theLabaFestival.ThreemajorcustomsonLabaFestivalareancestorworship,eatinglabariceporridge(粥)3

makinglabagarlic.

Attheendoftheyear,workingpeopleget4

(much)freetimethanusualtoprepareforthesacrifice(祭祀)totheancestors.Thereason5

the12thlunarmonthiscalledla

yuehasalottodowiththecustomofsacrifice.

Astothetraditionofeatinglabariceporridge,thereareseverallegendsabouttheorigin.Somesaytheporridge6

(make)ofredbeans,candriveawayevilfromchildren.Otherssaytheporridgeisinmemoryofapoorcouple.

Thecustomofeatingporridge7

(be)well-knownsinceancienttimes.ThemostauthenticporridgewasmadeinnorthernChina,8

(especial)Beiping,today'sBeijing.Themain▶9__________(material)ofthelabariceporridgearericeandstickyrice.Peoplealsoputsugar,reddates,redbeans,peanutsandothervariousthingsintotheporridge10

(enrich)itsflavor.

【解析】

本文主要介绍了腊八节的两个习俗——祭祖和喝腊八粥。1.eighth数词空处作定语,修饰名词day,表示"第八天",应用序数词eighth。2.as介词

beknownas为固定搭配,表示"被称为",故填as。3.and并列连词腊八节的三大习俗是祭祖、吃腊八粥和做腊八蒜。空处连接三个并列的短语作表语,故填并列连词and。4.more比较级在年底,有工作的人们比平时有更多的空闲时间来准备祭祀祖先。根据语境和空后的thanusual可知,此处应用比较级more,表示"更多的空闲时间"。故填more。5.why定语从句农历的第十二个月被称为腊月的原因与祭祀的习俗有很大关系。空处引导定语从句,先行词为reason,关系词在从句中作原因状语,故填why。6.made非谓语动词空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰porridge,动词make与porridge之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,应用过去分词,故填made。7.hasbeen时态和主谓一致空处在句中作谓语,根据时间状语sinceancienttimes可知,空处应用现在完成时;主语Thecustom为第三人称单数形式,空处也用单数,故填hasbeen。8.especially副词空处在句中作状语,应用副词。especially表示"尤其,特别"。故填especially。9.materials名词复数

material"材料,原料"可作可数名词。空处作主语,根据be动词are可知,此处应用复数名词,故填materials。10.toenrich非谓语动词人们还把糖、红枣、红豆、花生和其他各种各样的东西放进粥里来丰富它的味道。根据语境,空处应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填toenrich。Cloze

2话题:劳动教育主题语境:人与社会词数:约210

难度:★★★☆☆

[2023福建省适应性练习卷]Primaryschoolsnowattachgreatimportancetolaboreducation,advocatingstudentstodoactivitiessuchascooking,makinghandicrafts1

decoratinghouses.

XueYoumei,aGrade3student,spentthewinterholidayinGuangxi.EverythingaboutvillagelifewasnoveltoXuewhowasused2

urbanlife.XuejoinedherfamilytoworkatafarmfieldplantedwithChinesewaterchestnuts.Xue,3

(wear)apairofgloves,helpedherfatherpickupwaterchestnutsatthefield.ForYangLiqiao,aGrade6student,thepastwinterholidaygaveher4

newidentity—garbagesortingguide.Yangworeavolunteer'svestandrecordedthesituationofthegarbagesortingworkatherresidentialcommunity.5

(additional),Yangalsoinvitedherclassmatestowalkaroundtheparknearbytopickupgarbageontheground.Yang'sfatherobservedthatlaboractivitiesofferedstudentsachance6

(acquire)knowledge,whichwasnottaughtatclass.

Atthesametime,someschoolsinChinaalsoassignedspecializedhomeworkduringthewintervacationtoletstudentsenjoyplay-basedlearning.Somestudents7

(ask)tocooperatewithparentstodecoratetheirhomeswithNewYear▶8

(painting).Thetaskaimedtodevelopstudents'9__________(innovation)thinking.An