美国发电量分析报告-培训课件外文版2024.5风电光伏核电

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MARKETSElectricitygenerationintheU.S.CHAPTER

01OverviewElectricitygenerationworldwidefrom1990to2022(interawatt-hours)Globalelectricityproduction1990-202235,00030,00025,00020,00015,00010,0003Description:Globalelectricitygenerationhasincreasedsignificantlyoverthepastthreedecades,risingfromlessthan12,000terawatt-hoursin1990toover29,000terawatt-hoursin2022.Duringthisperiod,electricitygenerationworldwideonlyregisteredanannualdeclinetwice:in2009,followingtheglobalfinancialcrisis,andin2020,amidthecoronaviruspandemic.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1990to2022Source(s):Kearney;KPMG;TheEnergyandResourcesInstituteDistributionofelectricitygenerationworldwidein2022,byenergysourceGlobalelectricitymix2022,byenergysourceOtherfossil*3%Wind8.0%Bioenergy2.4%Otherrenewables**0.4%Solar5.0%Coal35.7%Nuclear9.2%Hydro15.2%Naturalgas22.2%4Description:Fossilfuelsremainthegreatestsourceofelectricitygenerationworldwide.In2022,coalaccountedforroughly35.8percentoftheglobalpowermix,whilenaturalgasfollowedwitha22percentshare.China,India,andtheUnitedStatesaccountedforthelargestshareofcoalusedforelectricitygenerationin2021.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;*Includesoilandpetroleumproducts,andmanufacturedgases.**Includesgeothermal,tidal,andwavepower.Percentagesmightnotaddupto100becauseofrounding.Releasedatesetasdateoflastaccess.

ReadmoreSource(s):EmberLeadingcountriesinelectricitygenerationworldwidein2022(interawatt-hours)Globalpowerproduction2022,byleadingcountryElectricitygenerationinterawatt-hours4,000

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6,00001,0002,0003,0007,0008,0009,00010,000China*UnitedStatesIndia8,848.74,547.71,858RussiaJapan1,166.91,033.6Brazil677.2Canada659.6620.3577.3SouthKoreaGermanyFrance467.7SaudiArabiaIran401.6348.1340.7333.4326.2MexicoIndonesiaTurkey5Description:Chinaisbyfarthelargestelectricity-generatingcountryintheworld,withover8.8petawatt-hoursgeneratedin2022.ItwasfollowedbytheUnitedStates,withanelectricityproductionofsome4.5petawatt-hoursthatyear.TheU.S.isalsoamongstthelargestelectricityimportersworldwide.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2022;BasedongrossoutputSource(s):EnergyInstitute;Kearney;KPMGElectricitygenerationfromrenewablesourcesworldwidein2021,byregion(interawatthours)Globalrenewableelectricitygeneration2021,byregionGenerationinterawatthours1,000

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2,00005002,5003,0003,5004,000Asia3,418.45Europe1,467.751,382.3NorthAmericaSouthAmerica835.58Eurasia353.09AfricaOceania194.36109.5356.3640.37CentralAmericaandtheCarribbeanMiddleEast6Description:Asiaaccountedforthehighestshareofrenewableelectricitygenerationworldwidein2021,withabout3,418terawatthoursofelectricitygenerated.Europerankedsecond,withrenewablesourcesaccountingforroughly1,468terawatthoursofpoweroutput.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2021Source(s):IRENAElectricpowersectoroperatingrevenuesfromgeneration,transmission,anddistributionintheUnitedStatesfrom2010to2021(inbillionU.S.dollars)ElectricitygenerationanddistributionrevenueintheU.S.2010-2021600494.655004003002001000470.71470.86471.71462.78459.92461.92460.08443.86445.77428.46430.082010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020217Description:In2021,theoperatingrevenueassociatedwithgeneration,transmission,anddistributionofelectricityfromtheelectricpowersectorintheUnitedStateswasestimatedat494.65billionU.S.dollars.Thisfigurerepresentsanincreaseofabout7.51percentincomparisontothepreviousyear.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2010to2021;Estimate.Source(s):USCensusBureauCHAPTER

02KeyfiguresShareofelectricitycapacityadditionsintheUnitedStatesfrom2010to2022,bysourceU.S.electricitygeneratingcapacityadditionshare2010-2022,bytechnologySolarWindNaturalgasCoalOther60%50%40%30%20%10%0%20102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120229Description:In2022,solaralonerepresentedhalfofelectricitycapacityadditionsintheU.S.,whilenaturalgascapacityadditionsincreasedbysevenpercentagepointsbetween2021and2022.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2010to2022Source(s):SEIA;WoodMackenzieDistributionofelectricitygenerationcapacityintheUnitedStatesin2023,byregionU.S.electricitygenerationcapacityshare2023,byregionU.S.Territories0.63%HCC0.26%ASCC0.26%MRO6.59%NPCC6.7%SPP6.75%SERC29.06%ERCOT11.02%RFC19.29%WECC19.44%10Description:In2022,theSoutheasternElectricReliabilityCouncil(SERC)accountedforapproximately29.1percentoftheUnitedStates'electricitygenerationcapacity.TheWesternElectricityCoordinatingCouncil(WECC),locatedinthecountry'swesternregion,rankedsecond,responsiblefor19.4percentofthecountry'scapacity.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2023;onlyincludingutility-scalecapacitySource(s):APPANetelectricitygenerationintheUnitedStatesfrom1950to2022(interawatt-hours)NetpowerproductionintheU.S.1950-20224,5004,0003,5003,0002,5002,0001,5001,00050001950

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202211Description:TheUnitedStatesgenerated4,243terawatt-hoursofelectricityin2022,thethird-largestfigurerecordedintheindicatedperiod.Incomparisontothepreviousyear,powergenerationincreasedbyroughlythreepercent.Therehadbeenanotabledecreaseinpowerproductionin2020,broughtaboutbythedropincommercialandindustrialelectricitydemandduetothecoronaviruspandemicandsubsequentlockdownmeasures.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1950to2022Source(s):EIAElectricitygenerationintheUnitedStatesfromJanuary2021toOctober2023(interawatt-hours)MonthlyelectricityproductionintheUnitedStates2021-2023450432.78430.97429.75418.22430410390370350330310290270250417.71409.44385.24381.92378.59367.7366.6351.34363.89355.9353.03352.13349.06342.19335.88

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'2312Description:TheelectricityproductionintheUnitedStatespeaksinthesummerandwintermonthswithmostextremetemperaturechange,whentheelectricitydemandofthecountryishigher.TheU.S.producedaround329.3terawatt-hoursofelectricityinOctober2023.Bycomparison,inJulyofthesameyear,theU.S.producedover430terawatt-hoursofelectricity.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;January2021toOctober2023Source(s):EmberDistributionofelectricitygenerationintheUnitedStatesfrom2007to2022,byfueltypeShareofelectricitygenerationintheU.S.2007-2022,byfuelCoalNuclearNaturalgasRenewables(includinghydro)Oil120%100%80%60%40%20%0%2007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019*20202021202213Description:Throughoutthepastdecade,theUnitedStateshasbeennotablydecreasingitsuseofcoal,andincreasingtheuseofnaturalgasforelectricitygeneration.In2022,naturalgaswasbyfarthelargestsourceofelectricityintheNorthAmericancountry,withagenerationshareof39percent.RenewableenergyhasalsonotablyincreasedasashareofU.S.electricitygenerationinrecentyears,amountingto23percentin2022.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2007to2022;*Since2019,thesourcedoesnotprovideinformationforoil.Thisstatisticwascompiledusingdifferentreleasesofthepublication.ReadmoreSource(s):BCSE;BloombergNEF;EESI;EIANetelectricitygenerationbyindependentpowerproducersintheUnitedStatesfrom2005to2022(interawatt-hours)Independentpowerproducers'electricitygenerationintheU.S.2005-20222,0001,8001,6001,4001,2001,000800600400200020052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202214Description:ElectricitygenerationbyindependentpowerproducersintheU.S.amountedto1.85thousandterawatt-hoursin2022,thehighestfigurerecordedintheindicatedperiod.Incomparisontothepreviousyear,thisrepresentedanincreaseofroughlysixpercent.Inthatsameyear,electricitygenerationfromelectricutilitiesamountedtoover2.2thousandterawatt-hours.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2005to2022;generationatutility-scalefacilitiesSource(s):EIACHAPTER

03ConventionalelectricityPetroleumconsumptionforelectricitygenerationintheUnitedStatesfrom1990to2022(inmillionbarrels)PetroleumconsumptionforpowergenerationintheU.S.1990-20222502001501005001990

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202216Description:In2022,approximately43.6millionbarrelsofpetroleumwereconsumedforelectricitygenerationintheUnitedStates,anincreaseofaround18percentincomparisontothepreviousyear.Overall,petroleumconsumptionforelectricityintheNorthAmericancountryhasbeenonadownwardtrendsincethebeginningofthecentury.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1990to2022Source(s):EIAElectricitygenerationfromnaturalgasintheUnitedStatesfrom2000to2022(interawatthours)NaturalgaspowergenerationintheU.S.2000-20221,8001,6001,4001,2001,00080060040020002000

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202217Description:TheUnitedStatesgeneratedaround1,689terawatthoursofelectricityfromnaturalgasin2022,thehighestproductionvolumeintheperiodofconsideration,withfigureshavingalmosttripledsince2000.NaturalgashasbecometheleadingfuelforelectricitygenerationintheU.S.,havingsurpassedcoalin2015.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2000to2022Source(s):EIAElectricitygenerationfromcoalintheUnitedStatesfrom2008to2022(interawatthours)U.S.coalelectricitygeneration2008-20222,5001,985.82,0001,5001,0005001,847.31,755.91,733.41,581.1

1,581.71,5141,352.41,239.11,205.81,149.5965898828.992022773.420200200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202118Description:Coal-firedelectricitygenerationinU.S.amountedto828terawatthoursin2022,slightlydownincomparisontothepreviousyear.Adecadeearlier,almosttwothousandterawatthoursofelectricitywasgeneratedfromcoalcombustioninthecountry.In2022,coalaccountedforalittleoveronefifthoftheelectricitygenerationinU.S.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2008to2022Source(s):EIANetnuclearpowergenerationintheUnitedStatesfrom1975to2022(interawatt-hours)NuclearelectricitygenerationintheU.S.1975-202290080070060050040030020010001975

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202219/statistics/185400/net-generation-by-us-nuclear-power-plants-since-2003In2022,nuclearpowerplantsintheUnitedStatesgeneratedaround771.54terawatt-hoursofelectricity,thelowestoutputrecordedintwodecade.Thenumberofnuclearpowerreactorshasbeendecreasingsince1990,whenitpeakedat112units.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1975to2022Source(s):EIACHAPTER

04RenewablesRenewableelectricitygenerationintheUnitedStatesfrom2007to2022(interawatthours)RenewablepowergenerationintheUnitedStates2007-20221,000900912.87815.28783800728.66706.83686.58700609.44600544.24538.59522.09513.35494.57500427.37417.73380.924003002001000352.75200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202221Description:In2022,approximately912.8terawatthoursofpowerderivedfromrenewablesourcesweregeneratedintheUnitedStates.Thisfigurerepresentsagrowthofroughly12percentincomparisontothepreviousyearandthepeakinrenewableelectricitygenerationintheperiodofconsideration.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2007to2022Source(s):EIA;ShareofrenewablesourcesinelectricitygenerationintheUnitedStatesfrom2000to2022RenewablesshareofelectricitygenerationintheU.S.2000-202225%23%21%19%17%15%13%11%22.5%20.8%20.3%18.2%17.4%

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202222Description:In2022,renewablesourcesaccountedfor22.5percentofelectricitygenerationintheUnitedStates.Theshareofrenewablesinthecountry'selectricitygenerationhasbeencontinuallyincreasingfornearlyadecade.Inaddition,renewablesourcesaccountedforover70percentofthepowercapacityadditionsintheU.S.in2021.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2000to2022Source(s):EIA;EmberNetelectricitygenerationfromwindintheUnitedStatesfrom2000to2022(interawatthours)WindpowergenerationintheU.S.2000-20225004504003503002502001501005002000

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202223Description:In2022,around434.8terawatthoursofwindelectricityweregeneratedintheUnitedStates.WindhasadvancedtobecomethemainsourceofrenewablepowergenerationintheU.S.,aheadofconventionalhydropower.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2000to2022Source(s):EIANetgenerationofconventionalhydroelectricpowerintheUnitedStatesfrom2000to2022(interawatthours)HydroelectricpowergenerationintheU.S.20223503002502001501005002000

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202224/statistics/183461/generation-of-energy-from-hydropower-sources-in-the-us-since-2000TheUnitedStatesgeneratedaround262terawatthoursofconventionalhydroelectricpowerin2022,upbyroughlyfourpercentfromthepreviousyear.Intheperiodofconsideration,figuresfluctuated,peakingat319.4terawatthoursin2011.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2000to2022Source(s):EIASolarpowernetgenerationintheUnitedStatesfrom2000to2022(ingigawatthours)SolarpowergenerationintheU.S.2000-2022160,000140,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,00020,00002000

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202225Description:In2022,netsolarpowergenerationintheUnitedStatesreacheditshighestpointyetat145.6terawatthoursofsolarthermalandphotovoltaic(PV)power.Solarpowergenerationhasincreaseddrasticallyoverthepasttwodecades,especiallysince2011,whenithoveredjustbelowtwoterawatthours.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2000to2022;Includingsolarthermalandphotovoltaic(PV)generationSource(s):EIAGeothermalnetelectricitygenerationintheUnitedStatesfrom2005to2022(interawatthours)GeothermalpowergenerationintheU.S.2005-202218161715.8815.9215.8315.9315.9715.8915.9815.7815.5615.4715.3215.2215.0114.8414.6914.6414.571412108642020052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202226Description:In2022,approximately17terawatthoursofgeothermalelectricityweregeneratedintheUnitedStates.Thiswasanincreaseofroughlyoneterawattfromthepreviousyearandthehighestfigurerecordedinthedisplayedperiod.

ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2005to2022Source(s):EIACHAPTER

05CostsPlannedbaseovernightcostsofnewelectricitygeneratingstationsintheUnitedStatesin2023,bymajortechnology(inU.S.dollarsperkilowatt)BaseovernightcostsofnewpowerplantsintheU.S.2023,bytechnologyOvernightcostsinU.S.dollarsperkilowatt01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,0009,00010,000SolarthermalNuclear-smallmodularreactorNuclear-lightwaterreactorUSC-90%carboncaptureandsequestration(CCS)Fuelcells8,731.888,348.587,776.517,319.177,290.58Windoffshore6,672.15USC-30%CCS5,633.11WoodandotherbiomassUltra-supercriticalcoal(USC)Conventionalhydropower*Geothermal*4,997.894,507.113,421.013,403.013,140Combined-cycle-90%CCSSolarphotovoltaicwithstorage*1,808.1928Description:SolarthermalpowerplantshavethehighestbaseovernightcostsofanyelectricitygeneratingstationintheUnitedStates.In2023,foronekilowattcapacity,baseovernightcostswouldamountto8,732U.S.dollars.Overnightcostsrefertothecostofconstructingthepowerplantifnointerestrateswereincurredduringtheconstructionprocess.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2023;in2022prices;*ForgeothermalpowerplantscostsarebasedonleastexpensiveoptionforaplantintheGreatBasinregion.ForhydropowerplantscostsarebasedonleastexpensiveoptionintheNorthwestregion.[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):EIACostofelectricitygenerationfromnaturalgasintheUnitedStatesfrom1stquarter2022to3rdquarter2023(inU.S.dollarspermillionBritishthermalunits)CostofelectricityproductionfromnaturalgasintheUnitedStatesQ12022-Q3202398.2387.396.9765432105.954.992.812.64Q12022Q22022Q32022Q42022Q12023Q22023Q3202329Description:IntheUnitedStates,thecostofelectricitygenerationfromnaturalgasin2023decreasedfromabovefiveU.S.dollarspermillionBritishthermalunitsin2022.Itthethirdquarterof2022,itreached8.23U.S.dollarspermillionBritishthermalunits.In2022,approximately40percentoftheelectricityproducedintheU.S.wasgeneratedfromthisfossilfuel.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;Q12022toQ32023Source(s):EIACostofelectricitygenerationfromcoalintheUnitedStatesfrom1stquarter2022to3thquarter2023(inU.S.dollarspermillionBritishthermalunits)CostofpowerproductionfromcoalintheUnitedStatesQ12022-Q320233.02.572.552.52.492.482.52.01.51.00.50.02.262.18Q12022Q22022Q32022Q42022Q12023Q22023Q3202330Description:IntheUnitedStates,thecostofelectricitygenerationfromcoalwasabovetwoU.S.dollarspermillionBritishthermalunitsin2023.Itreached2.57U.S.dollarspermillionBritishthermalunitsinthefirstquarteroftheyear.In2022,approximately20percentoftheelectricityproducedintheU.S.wasgeneratedfromthisfossilfuel.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;Q12022toQ32023Source(s):EIAOperatingexpensesofshareholder-ownedelectricutilitiesintheUnitedStatesfrom2010to2022(inbillionU.S.dollars)U.S.shareholder-ownedelectricutilitiesoperatingexpenses2010-2022400350350.41306.04302.61303.34297.3297.57285.6286.6430025020015010050283.01281.17278.11277.39276.90201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202231Description:Theoperatingexpensesofshareholder-ownedelectricutilitiesintheUnitedStatesamountedtoapproximately350.4billionU.S.dollarsin2022,upby18percentcomparedtoayearearlier.Electricalgenerationcostsaccountedforthelargestshareofoperatingexpenses.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2010to2022Source(s):EdisonElectricInstitute;S&PGlobalMarketIntelligenceOperatingexpensesofshareholder-ownedelectricutilitiesintheUnitedStatesin2022,bycategory(inbillionU.S.dollars)U.S.shareholder-ownedelectricutilitiesexpenses2022,bycategoryExpensesinbillionU.S.dollarsElectricalgenerationcost112.57Operations&maintenance101.24Depreciation&amortizationGascost61.4626.08Taxes(notincome)Otheroperatingexpenses23.325.7532Description:In2022,electricalgenerationcostsaccountedforthelargestoperatingexpensesforshareholder-ownedelectricutilitiesintheU.S.,amountingtosome112.57billionU.S.dollars.Operationandmaintenancecostsaddeduptoroughly101.2billiondollarsthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;2022Source(s):EdisonElectricInstitute;S&PGlobalMarketIntelligenceAveragepowerplantoperatingexpensesformajorinvestor-ownedelectricutilitiesintheUnitedStatesfrom1998to2022(inmillsperkilowatt-hour)PowerplantoperatingexpensesintheU.S.1998-2022,bytypeFossilsteamGasturbineandsmallscale*NuclearHydroelectric**1401201008060402001998199920002005201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202233Description:OperatingexpensesforfossilsteampowerplantsrunbymajorUnitedStates'investor-ownedelectricutilitiestotaled43.88millsperkilowatt-hourin2022.Inthatsameyear,figuresforhydroelectricpowerplantsamountedto12.44millsperkilowatt-hour,thecheapestcostsamongthereportedplanttypes.ReadmoreNote(s):UnitedStates;1998to2022;includingoperation,maintenance,andfuelexpenses;*Includesgasturbine,internalcombustion,photovoltaic,andwindplants.**Includesconventionalhydroandpumpedstorage.Figuresarecompiledfrom[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):EIA;FERC;VentyxCHAPTER

06OutlookElectricpowersectorcapacityintheUnitedStatesin2022,withaforecastto2050(ingigawatts)ElectricpowercapacityoutlookintheU.S.2022-20502,5002,0001,5002,172.21,991.71,828.71,689.71,516.31,223.21,105.21,000500020222025*2030*2035*2040*2045*2050*35Description:Thenetsummercapacityoftheelectricpower