Unit7InternationalcharitiesGrammar课件牛津译林版八年级英语下册2

牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit7InternationalcharitiesGrammar学习目标1.掌握本课节新单词及短语：hold,set,handout,setup3.掌握并能正确运用被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时。2.了解使用被动语态的语境。4.熟悉并能运用引出动作执行者的单词by。口诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。在被动语态的句子里，如果我们需要指出动作的执行者，可以由by引出。蛋糕是你母亲做的吗？是由贝尔发明的。IsthecakemadebyyourmotherThetelephonewasinventedbyBell.Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery主动句变被动句的步骤：1.宾语变为主语（宾格变为主格）；2.动词变为“be+过去分词”；（be动词体现时态、人称和数的变化）3.原句主语放在by后面（宾格）。

（bysb.有时可省略）。4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryWecanalsointroducewhoorwhatperformsanactioninthepassivevoiceusingby.Weputbyandtheperformeraftertheverb.Ontheplane,volunteerdoctorsdooperations.Ontheplane,operationsaredone

by

volunteerdoctors.ORBISdoctorshelpedmanyblindpeople.Manyblindpeoplewerehelped

by

ORBISdoctors.by…“被……”Howtouse'by'inpassivevoiceEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryCanTomcatchJerryAtlast,Jerrywascaught________.

activevoicepassivevoiceby

TomWatchandsay!Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery在感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中,动词不定式的to常省去,但是在被动语态中要加上to。主动语态主语Theteacher谓语(主动式)made宾语him不带to的不定式retellthestory.被动语态原宾语(改为主格)He谓语(被动式)wasmade带to的不定式toretellthestoryby原主语(改为宾格)theteacher.Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryTheClass1,Grade8studentsaretalkingaboutthedifferentthingspeoplecandoforthepoor.Lookatthepicturesandhelpthemcompletetheirnotesusingthewordsinbracketsandthepassivevoice.Addthewordbywhennecessary.Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryItisusedasahospital.Itisalsousedasatrainingcentre.

WheredoORBISdoctorsdooperationsORBISdoctorsdooperationsontheplane.奥比斯医生在飞机上动手术。

doactivevoice主动语态

Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery1.PeoplespeakEnglishallovertheworld.

Englishisspokenallovertheworldbypeople.2.Iborrowedthisbookfromthelibrarylastweek.Thisbookwasborrowedfromthelibrarylastweek.3.Weinvitedmanypeopletotheshow.Manypeoplewereinvitedtotheshow.4.DrMaoperatedon150patientsduringhisvisit.150patientswereoperatedonbyDrMaduringhisvisit.5.ORBISdoctorsalsousetheplaneasatrainingcenter.TheplaneisalsousedasatrainingcenterbyORBISdoctors.6.PrincessLaurawascaughtbyanevilwitch.(改为主动)An

evil

witch

caughtPrincessLaura.同义句转换Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryEveryone

likes

thebook.SVO→Thebook

isliked

byeveryone.He

wrote

aletter.→______________________________.They

built

ourschoolin2003.→____________________(__________)in2003.AletterwaswrittenbyhimOurschoolwasbuiltbythemColumbus

discoveredAmericain1492.→_________________________Columbusin1492.America

wasdiscoveredbyWhodiscoveredAmerica→Who____________________________was

America

discovered

byEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryWhatisneededbyORBIStohelpblindpeopleMoremoneyisneededbyORBIStohelpblindpeople.奥比斯需要更多的钱来帮助盲人。isneededpassivevoice被动语态Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery1.…,andabout80percentofthesecasescanbepreventedandcured.2.Theplaneisalsousedasatrainingcenter.3.Also,localdoctorsandnursesareinvitedonboardtolearnabouteyeoperations.4.…,150patientsareoperatedon.TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoChinese.Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery1.Japanesecamerasaresoldinthisshop.(改为否定句)Japanesecameras______________inthisshop.2.Hedidn’tbreakthewindows.(改为被动语态)Thewindows_______________________________.3.Iwastoldtotakemyownfood.(改为一般疑问句)___________________totakeyourownfood4.IsteagrowninSouthChina(改为主动)______people_______teainSouthChina5.Manyanimals’furisusedformakingclothes.(提问)_______manyanimals’fur______________aren’tsoldwasn’tbrokenbyhimWereyoutoldDogrowWhat’susedforEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery被动语态◆am/is/are+done

am/is/arenot

+donewas/werenot

+done◆was/were+doneThesimplepresenttenseThesimplepasttensenegativesentencestructureHowtoformthepassivevoiceEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery判断：主动语态(A)/被动语态(B);被动语态要划出动词部分．1）MillieandAmytookthelittlecattotheanimalcenteryesterday.2）The79-year-oldmanwassavedoutofafirelastyear.3）Thiskindofcakeiscalledmooncake.4）Peopleuseakeyboardtotypeinformationintothecomputer.5）Thewindowsinourclassroomarecleanedonceaweek.AABBBEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。被动语态e.g.

Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.

我们每天都打扫教室。

Theclassroomiscleaned(byus)everyday.

教室每天都被(我们)打扫。主动语态被动语态Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery一般现在时一般过去时肯定句主语+am/is/are+V.pp主语+was/were+V.pp否定句主语+am/is/are+not+V.pp主语+was/were+not+V.pp一般疑问句Am/Is/Are+主语+V.pp?Was/Were+主语+V.pp?一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态：Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery一般现在时的被动语态的基本结构为“主语+is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词”。e.g.Thelittleboyislookedafterwellinthekindergarten.Thestreetsarecleanedeveryday.Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery被动语态的基本结构为“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”，其中，be因主语人称和时态的不同要用其适当的形式，在be后加not可变为否定结构。Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery一般过去时的被动语态的基本结构为:

主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词e.g.Thewindowwasbroken.Thoseoldnewspaperswerethrownaway.Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery被动语态的一般疑问句形式是把be提到主语之前，其他成分语序不变，句末用问号。e.g.IsyourclassroomcleanedeverydayWasthishousebuiltlastyearEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery主语be动词过去分词一般过去时Iwasnotsupported.You/We/TheywerenotHe/She/ItwasnotIwassupported.You/We/TheywereHe/She/ItwasEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery主语be动词过去分词一般现在时Iamsupported.You/We/TheyareHe/She/ItisIamnotsupported.You/We/TheyarenotHe/She/ItisnotSummaryEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryactivevoicepassivevoiceImadesomebread.Somebreadme.

wasmadeby

1234找换改加FindthesubjectandobjectChangetheplaceofthesubjectandobjectChangetheverbintobe+done（be体现时态）Add“by”beforethenewobjectRulestousepassivevoiceEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery1.TomoftenhelpsJennywhensheisintrouble.

JennyisoftenhelpedbyTomwhensheisintrouble.2.Iboughtacomputerlastweek.

Acomputerwasboughtbymelastweek.3.ThewholecakewaseatenbyEddieyesterday.

Eddieate

thewholecakeyesterday.4.Manytreesareplanted

bystudentsandteacherseveryyear.

Studentsandteachersplantmanytresseveryyear.5.Shetakes

goodcareofthechildren.

Thechildrenaretaken

goodcareof

byher.Putthesentencesintothepassivevoiceortheactivevoice.Haveatry!ActiveActiveActivePassivePassiveEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery1.Charityactivities________________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).areplannedtohelpthepoor2.Leaflets______________________________________________(handout/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).arehandedouttopeopleinthestreetbyvolunteers3.ToysandCDs_____________________(sell/toraisemoney).aresoldtoraisemoneyWhattheydoeveryyearEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery5.Warmclothes__________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).werecollectedforpoorpeople6.Acharityshow____________________________(hold/theStudents'Union).washeldbytheStudents'Union4.Newbooks_________________________________________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentsWhattheydidlastweekEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryAmy:I'mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:ReallyPleasetellmeaboutit.Amy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop__________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsallovertheworld.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.Daniel:That'sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem________(call)ProjectHope.It__________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry__________(give)basiceducation.Amy:Yes.Manyschools__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.

wassetupwasopened

iscalled

wasstartedweregivenarebuiltaresoldisusedEnrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismysteryAmyandDanielaretalkingaboutcharities.Completetheirconversationwiththewordsinbracketsusingthepassivevoice.Enrichyourlifetoday,yesterdayisowismystery通过以活动小结通过以上的活动，我们学习了被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时：被动语态的一般现在时肯定句结构：