能源转型与电力系统重构

2028月15电力发展的重构思路电力系统的变与不变technologiessuchasDCtransmissiona直流输电电气交通光伏发电交流输电Powerclectronizationoff家庭用电))电源结构持续变化电源结构持续变化”变”再生能源装机占比、可再生能源电量再生能源装机占比、可再生能源电量占比分别为37%、24%;根据国家发改委《中国可再生能源展望2019》2025年国家电网公司范围内将达到53%、35%,2035年增至74%、2020-2050年清洁能源发电量比重“China'srenewablecnergyoutlook2019”,theabove分布式发电”分布式发电基础设备的电力电子化程度不断加大基础设备的电力电子化程度不断加大Levelofpowerelectronizationofbasicequipmentkee新能源发电、直流输电、变频负荷等电力电子设备在源-网-荷大量应用，电力系统电力电子化程度及其带来的影响不断加剧。当前，中国电网直流输电总容量为17862万千瓦，占最大负荷比例达16.6%。新能源装机占比已达21.1%。华东地区新能源装机和馈入直流容量占最大负荷高达45%以上。Powerletonicdevicssuchasnewenergygeneraton,DCtransmisionandvarablepowerletoniztionofthesystemkeepsncreasingRecenly,thetotalcapacityofChina'sDCtrpercentageofinstalledcapacityofnewenergyreaches21.1%.InEastChinatot直流输电DCtransmi交通电力Newenergygeneration新能源发电工业用电火力发电交流输电居民用电HouseholdThermalpowergenerationACtransmihighproportionuseofpowerelectronicdevicesinthefuturesysAngleGeneratorskeepFrequeneyActivepowerkeepsreal技术规律TechniqueAngleGeneratorskeepFrequeneyActivepowerkeepsreal技术规律TechniquerulesofACTracksofsystemcankeepst系统任何初始条件的轨迹均anyinitialconditionsthatcaTherequirementofactivepowertokeepreal-timebalancedandfrequencystabilitywillbeconstant.Therequirementofreactivepowertokeepdynamicbalanceandvoltagestabilitywillbeconstant.功功角频率Reactivepowerkeepsdynamicbalanced电力系统的变与不变把握变和不变的辩证关系把握变和不变的辩证关系√电力电子技术装备的广泛应用是现代电力系统变化的主要特征，是趋势。电力系统的发展要立足技术基础的不变，主动通过“重构”满足变化的要求。挑战1挑战1交流网架功能的演化与面临的挑战ThefunctionalevolutionandchallengesoftheACtr能源转型下，交流网架的功能更加复杂：Undertheenergytransition,thefunctionsofACtransmissionProvideshort-circuitcap丝路选站达本华中电同中州国南Short-circuitcapacitysupport流站电Windpowercauseslargefluctuationsi电力系统频率问题的演化和面临的挑战ThefrequencyproblemsofthemodernpowersystemareprominentWiththedevelopmentofinterconnectedpowergrids,thescabeencontinuouslyimprovWiththelarge-scaleintegrationofrpowerfluctuationincreases,leadingtoprominentfrequencyproblems.时ThefrequencyregulationcoefficientdincreaseofDCcapacityThehigherthepenetrationlevelofrenewableenergy电力系统频率问题的演化和面临的挑战E-W线路E-W线路事故发生4分42秒后频率恢复至50Hz事故发生4分42秒后频率恢复至50Hz损失出力737MW损失出力244MW损失出力210MW燃机切机损失出力187MW事故，故障前中电力电子类电源(风电、直流、分布式电源)出力占比超过47%,系统转动惯量不足，同时故thefailure,theoutputofpower-clectronic-basedpowersources(windpower,DC,distributedpower)accountedformorethan47%,andthesystemmomentofinertiawasinsufficicnt.Atthesametime,thece挑战3挑战3电力系统电压问题的演化和面临的挑战ThevoltageproblemsofthemodernpowThesystem'soverllvolagesupportabiliydereasesbecausetherenewabWithmulipleDCinfed,highproportionofnewenergyintegrationndthencreasedproporionofeivingpowerinlodenters,threceivingreceivingendpowergridshavegraduallyincreased.Thescopeofovervoltage色越深凹陷程度越大深挑战4挑战4平衡和调峰问题的演化和面临的挑战早高峰风机出早高峰风机出力为负荷2.8%168风电出力占负荷8408888二负荷早尖峰，8656万光伏出力光伏出力基本为0REGoutputinsummerpcak Todcalwiththechangesofthemodempowersystem,itisneessarytoACpowersystem,thescThedevclopmentofmodernpowersystemsshoulddependonsystematiscientifiall,improvctheperformancoftaditionalandnewpowergenerationdevclopcontolresouresonthedemandideasenergystoragesynchronouscondensers,andlesiblepowertransmipowersystem'sregulationabilityandsolvetheproblemofpeak-shavingandpowerbalance.abilityofpowerunitspowerunitortransmiss频率稳定电压稳定betweendifferentdynamicreactivepowercompensationabilityofpowerunits视代电力系统自身发展的重构Reconstructionofse全系统层面：等值转动惯量。高度电力电子化电力系统中，全系统的等效转动惯量应满足系统安全运行的最低要求。generationshouldreachareaso磷磷控式可控并联电抗器P系统2故障UXH现代电力系统认知体系的重构具体到仿真技术层面，研制新一代高精度、高效率仿真软件和平台，融合数模仿真、超级计算、云计算等先进仿真技术和建模方法，具备海量微小电力电子化设备和多领域融合广义电力系统的themuli-ficldintcegratedgeneralizedpowersystem.Promotingtheabilityofnctworksimulationandanalysis,andsuporingthedeepcdatReconstructionofthecontrolsystemformodernpowersystemsRecostuctonoftecontrolbasisofpowersystems,sholdfocusocommunicationsaricialintligence,InternetofThingscontolelfectivelysolvethefrequeneyandvolageregulationpoblemscausedbynewenergy)可hmprovidedynamicreactiBuildvoitagesupportmodeofheintlligentvehielenelworkplatorm,Researchonthecelustereontroofdstribuledgenerations,coordinateduiliationofcresourcesandcncreystoragctchology,IncreascthefleLowmomcntofncr