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TRENDSCarsharinginItalyCHAPTER

01OverviewRevenueofsegmentsofthemobilityservicesmarketinEuropefrom2019to2028(inmillions)RevenueofmobilityservicesegmentsinEurope2019-2028FlightsPublicTransportationTrainsRide-hailingCarRentalsBusesCar-sharingE-Scooter-sharingBike-sharing400,000350,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,000020192020202120222023202420252026202720283Description:Therevenueisforecasttoexperiencesignificantgrowthinallsegmentsin2028.EspeciallynotableistheremarkablyrobustgrowthobservedintheFlightssegmentasweapproachtheendoftheforecastperiod.Thisvalue,reaching2.7billionU.S.dollars,standsoutsignificantlycomparedtotheaveragechanges,whichareestimatedat524.7444millionU.S.dollars.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2019to2028Source(s):MobilityMarketInsightsSharedmobilityridershipgrowthinEuropeinQ32023ascomparedtoQ32022,bymodeEuropeansharedmobilityridershipgrowth2022to202330%20%10%0%-10%-20%-30%-40%Docklessbikes*CarsStationbasedbikesScootersMopeds4Description:Betweenthethirdquarterof2022andthethirdquarterof2023,ridershipofsharedbikesandcarsinEuropeincreased.Docklessbikeschemessawparticularlystronggrowth,witharidershipincreaseof24percent.Scooterandmopedridershipontheotherhandfellduringthisperiod,assomeoperatorexitedthemarketandthee-scooterbaninParistookholdinSeptember2023.ReadmoreNote(s):Norway,Switzerland,UnitedKingdom,EU;Q32023;excludesride-hailingservices,car-pooling,andlong-termandmulti-dayhires.;*Docklessbikesincludeschemeswithfree-floatingbikesorvirtualstations.ReadmoreSource(s):FluctuoNumberofcarsharingusersinEuropein2022,bycountry(inmillions)CarsharingusersinEurope2022,bycountryNumberofusersinmillions0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.5GermanyItaly3.162.09Spain1.95UnitedKingdomFrance1.881.11Turkey0.86NetherlandsPoland0.560.55SwitzerlandBelgium0.510.450.40.350.34RussiaAustriaPortugal5Description:In2022,GermanyhadthelargestnumberofcarsharingusersinEurope,followedbyItalyandSpain.Germanyrecordedoverthreemillionusers,whileItalyandSpaineachhadaroundtwomillionusers.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2022Source(s):MobilityMarketInsightsNumberoffree-floatingcar-sharingvehiclesinEuropein2023,byleadingcountriesEurope:Leadingcountriesforfree-floatingcar-sharing2023Numberofvehicles8,000

10,00002,0004,0006,00012,00014,00016,00018,00020,000GermanyPolandItaly18,5005,5005,400Spain*France3,7502,3006Description:Asof2023,thelargestfree-floatingcar-sharingfleetinEuropecouldbefoundinGermany,wheretherewere18,500vehiclesavailable.Polandhadthesecond-largestfleetwith5,500vehicles.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2023Source(s):INVERSNumberofstation-basedcar-sharingvehiclesinEuropein2023,byleadingcountriesEurope:Leadingcountriesforstation-basedcar-sharing2023Numberofvehicles8,00002,0004,0006,00010,00012,00011,40014,00016,00018,000GermanyFrance15,300NetherlandsUK*5,5005,250Switzerland4,0007Description:In2023,Germanyhadthelargeststation-basedcar-sharingfleetinEurope,withusershavingaccessto15,300sharedvehicles.Francehadthesecond-largestfleetwitharound11,400vehicles.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2023;*Thesourceprovidesanestimatedrangebetween5,000and5,500vehiclesfortheUK.

ReadmoreSource(s):INVERSShareofcar-sharingvehiclesthatareelectricinEuropein2023,byselectedcountriesEurope:Electrificationofthecar-sharingfleetinselectedcountries2023Shareoffleetthatiselectric20%

30%0%10%40%50%60%70%Italystation-basedNetherlandsstation-based60%30%Germanystation-basedandfree-floatingUKstation-basedandfreefloating20%14%8/statistics/1463097/electrification-car-sharing-fleets-by-selected-country-europeCar-sharingfleetsinmanyEuropeancountriesalreadycontainalargenumberofelectricvehicles.Asof2023,60percentofItaly'sstation-basedcar-sharingfleetconsistedofelectriccars,whilethisfigurestoodataround30percentintheNetherlands.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,Germany,Italy,Netherlands,UnitedKingdom;2023Source(s):INVERSCHAPTER

02OperatorsMarketsharesofleadingcar-sharingcompaniesinEuropein2022Leadingcar-sharingprovidersinEurope2022Marketshare0%2%4%6%8%10%12%14%16%16%18%SHARENOW(car2go&DriveNow)Zipcar11%enjoyvehiclesharingZitybyMobilize7%7%6%OuiCar•LocationdevoitureMILESCarsharing&TransportHertz24/75%4%Free2move3%3%3%EnterpriseCarShareAmovens10Description:In2022,theGermancompanyShareNowwasthelargestcar-sharingproviderintheEuropeanmarket,withamarketshareof16percent.ItsclosestcompetitorinEuropewasZipcar,whichheld11percentofthemarketandisasubsidiaryoftheU.S.AmericanAvisBudgetGroup.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe;2022;basedonanAugust2023forecast,onlyleadingprovidersareshow,thereforesharesdonotaddupto100percent.Source(s):MobilityMarketInsightsMostusedcarsharingbrandsinItalyasofDecember2023MostusedcarsharingbrandsinItaly2023Shareofrespondents0%10%20%30%40%50%EnjoySHARENOWHertz24/749%24%19%AmiGO17%CarSharingRomaE-Go!DRIVALIAUbeeqo14%11%9%Corrente8%8%PlaycarSharing4USMOBILEAmicarnapoliE-Vai7%7%7%Addumacar6%11Description:WeaskedItalianconsumersabout"Mostusedcarsharingbrands"andfoundthat"Enjoy"takesthetopspot,while"Eppy"isattheotherendoftheranking.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;JanuarytoDecember2023;187respondents;18-64years;respondentswhousedcarsharingservices(Mobility,Travel)Source(s):ConsumerInsightsCar-sharingproviderswiththelargestnumberofvehiclesinoperationinItalyin2022Italy:Numberofcar-sharingvehiclesavailablebyprovider2022Numberofvehicles600

80002004001,0001,2001,4001,600SharenowEnjoyE-GOZityCorrenteE-VaiRomaCarsharingAmiGOElettraMobilizeShare12Description:In2022,thelargestcar-sharingproviderinItalywasSharenow,whichoperatedover1,500vehicles.TheproviderwasactiveinMilan,Rome,andTurininthatyear.ItsclosestcompetitorwasEnjoy,whichoperatednearly1,400vehicles.EnjoycompeteddirectlywithSharenowinMilan,Rome,andTurinandadditionallymadecarsavailableinBolognaandFlorence.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2022Source(s):FondazioneperloSviluppoSostenibileCar-sharingproviderswiththelargestnumberofelectricvehiclesinoperationinItalyin2022Italy:Numberofelectriccar-sharingvehiclesavailablebyprovider2022Numberofvehicles60002004008001,0001,200E-GOZityCorrenteE-VaiElettraMobilizeShareSharenowAmicarEnjoyPikyrent13Description:E-GOoperatedbyfarthelargestfleetofelectricsharedcarsinItalyin2022.Withoverathousandcarsavailable,itselectriccarfleetwasmorethantwicethesizeofthesecond-largestfleetoperatedbyZity,whichcomprised450vehicles.BothoperatorsareactiveinMilan,butE-GOalsooperatesinRomeandTurin.Meanwhile,Italy'slargestcarsharingoperator,Sharenow,onlyhad97electricvehiclesasof2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2022;includesfullyelectricvehicles.Source(s):FondazioneperloSviluppoSostenibileCHAPTER

03SchemesandfleetsNumberofsharedmobilityvehiclesinselectedItaliancitiesin2022,bymode(invehiclesper10,000inhabitants)SharedmobilityvehiclefleetinItalycities2022Numberofvehiclesper10kinhabitantsStation-basedbikesFree-floatingbikes100ScootersMopeds150Cars050200250MilanFlorenceTurinRomeReggioEmiliaModenaPalermoNaples15Description:In2022,Milanhadafleetof127station-basedandfree-floatingbikesper10,000inhabitants.ThiswasthehighestnumberofbikesavailableperinhabitantamonglargerItaliancities.Milanalsohadthelargesttotalamountoftotalsharedmobilityvehiclesperinhabitantamongthecitiesthatwerecompared.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2022;excludesride-hailingservices,car-pooling,andlong-termandmulti-dayhires.Source(s):FluctuoNumberoffree-floatingcarsharingschemesinoperationinItalyfrom2015to2022Italy:Numberoffree-floatingcarsharingschemesinoperation2015-2022252323222120191515105131102015201620172018201920202021202216Description:Asof2022,Italyhad23car-sharingschemeswithfree-floatingvehiclesinoperation.Thenumberofschemeshadstoodatthesamelevelin2019butdroppedwiththestartoftheCOVID-19pandemic.Itbeganrisingagainin2021.Infree-floatingcar-sharingschemes,vehiclesdonotneedtobereturnedtothesamelocationwheretheywerepickedupbutcanbedroppedoffanywherewithinausuallypre-determinedgeographicarea.

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2015to2022Source(s):FondazioneperloSviluppoSostenibileNumberofstation-basedcarsharingschemesinoperationinItalyfrom2015to2022Italy:Numberofstation-basedcarsharingschemesinoperation2015-202230252623221920181716141510502015201620172018201920202021202217Description:Thenumberofstation-basedcarsharingschemesinoperationacrossItalygrewto26in2022.Thenumberofoperationalschemeshasbeenontherisesince2017whenthisfigurestoodat14.Instation-basedcarsharingschemes,hiredvehicleshavetobereturnedtothestationfromwhichtheywerepickedupordroppedoffatanotherdesignatedhirestation.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2015to2022Source(s):FondazioneperloSviluppoSostenibileCitieswithlargestnumberofcar-sharingschemesinoperationinItalyin2022,bytypeofschemeItaly:Numberofcar-sharingschemesinoperationbycity2022NumberofoperatingschemesFree-floating2.0Station-based2.50.00.51.01.533.03.514.04.5MilanRome4BolognaTurin2211ArezzoCagliariFerraraFlorenceGenoaPalermoVenice111111211111118Description:Asof2022,MilanandRomeweretheonlytwocitiesinItalywithfourcar-sharingservicesinoperation.Whileallfourcar-sharingschemesinMilanwerefree-floatingschemes,oneofRome'sfourschemeswasastation-basedscheme.

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2022Source(s):FondazioneperloSviluppoSostenibileNumberofstation-basedcarsharingvehiclesinoperationinItalyfrom2015to2022Italy:Numberofstation-basedcarsharingvehiclesavailable2015-20221,4001,2001,2931,2981,2551,2291,1741,0589979591,00080060040020002015201620172018201920202021202219Description:Thenumberofstation-basedcar-sharingvehiclesavailableinsharingschemesinItalyhasgrowneveryyearsince2015,withtheexceptionof2021.Asof2022,therewerenearly1,300car-sharingvehiclesincirculationinItaly.Instation-basedcar-sharingschemes,hiredvehicleshavetobereturnedtothestationfromwhichtheywerepickedupordroppedoffatanotherdesignatedhirestation.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2015to2022Source(s):FondazioneperloSviluppoSostenibileNumberoffree-floatingcarsharingvehiclesinoperationinItalyfrom2015to2022Italy:Numberoffree-floatingcarsharingvehiclesavailable2015-20228,0007,0096,7877,0006,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,00006,6215,9895,8285,4144,6934,2932015201620172018201920202021202220Description:Numbersoffree-floatingcar-sharingvehicleshavebeendeclininginItalysince2019.Whiletheirnumberstillstoodatover7,000in2019,therewereunder4,700free-floatingcar-sharingvehiclesavailablein2022.Meanwhile,station-basedcar-sharingvehicleshavenotbeensubjecttothesamedownwardtrend.Infree-floatingcar-sharingschemes,vehiclesdonotneedtobereturnedtothesamelocationwheretheywerepickedupbutcanbedroppedoffanywherewithinausually[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2015to2022Source(s):FondazioneperloSviluppoSostenibileCitieswiththelargestnumberofcar-sharingvehiclesinoperationinItalyin2022,bytypeofschemeItaly:Numberofcar-sharingvehiclesavailablebycity2022NumberofvehiclesFree-floating

Station-based1,000

1,50005002,0002,500MilanRomeTurinBolognaFlorenceGenoaCagliariNaplesFerraraVenice21Description:MilanhadthelargestfleetofsharedcarsavailableinItalyin2022.Thecityhadover2,100free-floatingcarsavailable.Meanwhile,Rome,thecitywiththesecond-largestfleet,hadaround1,400vehicles.Here,thefleetalsoincluded200station-basedcars,butfree-floatingcarsdominatedthecity'sfleet.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2022Source(s):FondazioneperloSviluppoSostenibileCar-sharingfleetinItalyin2022,byfueltypeItaly:Car-sharingfleetbyfueltype2022LNG0.2%Methane1%Hybrid21.6%Gasoline31.6%Diesel1.2%Electric44.4%22Description:Asof2022,44percentofallvehiclesinItaly'scar-sharingfleetwereelectric.Inaddition,aroundafifthofthefleetwasmadeupofhybridvehicles.Meanwhile,dieselvehiclesonlymadeup1.2percentofthefleet.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2022Source(s):FondazioneperloSviluppoSostenibileCHAPTER

04TripsanddemandNumberoffree-floatingcarsharingtripsinItalyfrom2015to2022Italy:Numberoffree-floatingcarsharingtrips2015-202214,000,00011,991,22811,809,99812,000,00010,000,0008,000,0006,000,0004,000,0002,000,00009,361,4257,907,7996,286,5706,241,1496,128,7545,706,0052015201620172018201920202021202224Description:Free-floatingcar-sharingtripsinItalyreachedtheirpeakin2019.Theirfigurenearlyhalvedin2020andremainedatasimilarlylowlevelinthefollowingyears,reaching6.1milliontripsin2022.ꢀInfree-floatingcar-sharingschemes,vehiclesdonotneedtobereturnedtothesamelocationwheretheywerepickedupbutcanbedroppedoffanywherewithinausuallypre-determinedgeographicarea.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2015to2022Source(s):FondazioneperloSviluppoSostenibileFree-floatingcarsharingvehiclekilometersinItalyfrom2015to2022(inkilometers)Italy:Free-floatingcarsharingvehiclekilometers2015-2022100,000,00090,000,00080,000,00070,000,00060,000,00088,656,23780,680,06875,069,55963,321,45356,225,10853,476,10051,698,12250,000,00040,000,00030,000,00020,000,00010,000,000041,645,8902015201620172018201920202021202225Description:In2022,over75millionkilometerswerecoveredinfree-floatingcar-sharingvehiclesinItalyin2022.Whilethiswasanincreasebyaroundathirdcomparedtothepreviousyear,free-floatingsharedvehicleuseremainedbelowitspeakin2019.Infree-floatingcar-sharingschemes,vehiclesdonotneedtobereturnedtothesamelocationwheretheywerepickedupbutcanbedroppedoffanywherewithinausuallypre-determinedgeographicarea.

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2015to2022Source(s):FondazioneperloSviluppoSostenibileNumberoffree-floatingcar-sharingtripsinselectedcitiesinItalyfrom2016to2022Italy:Numberoffree-floatingcar-sharingtripsbycity2016-2022RomeMilanFlorenceTurinBologna7,000,0006,000,0005,000,0004,000,0003,000,0002,000,0001,000,0000201620172018201920202021202226Description:Car-sharingtripsinItaliancitiesincreasedslightlybetween2021and2022,havingdroppedsubstantiallyinallcitiesexceptBolognaatthestartoftheCOVID-19pandemic.InBologna,car-sharingtripshad,however,beenrisingfromaverylowlevelofaround50,000tripsin2018to247,000tripsin2022.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2016to2022Source(s):FondazioneperloSviluppoSostenibileNumberofstation-basedcarsharingtripsinItalyfrom2015to2022Italy:Numberofstation-basedcarsharingtrips2015-2022400,000359,461350,000301,493291,646300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,0000270,770238,637218,806212,635214,4332015201620172018201920202021202227Description:2019wasthebusiestyearforstation-basedcar-sharinginItalywhennearly359,500tripsweremadewithcar-sharingvehiclesacrossthecountry.Tripsdroppedbyoverathirdin2020,buthaverecoveredsincetoaround301,500tripsin2022.Instation-basedcar-sharingschemes,hiredvehicleshavetobereturnedtothestationfromwhichtheywerepickedupordroppedoffatanotherdesignatedhirestation.

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2015to2022Source(s):FondazioneperloSviluppoSostenibileStation-basedcarsharingvehiclekilometersinItalyfrom2015to2022(inkilometers)Italy:Station-basedcarsharingvehiclekilometers2015-202210,000,0008,992,5879,000,0008,000,0007,000,0006,000,0005,000,0004,000,0003,000,0002,000,0001,000,00008,534,5628,290,0728,047,5997,392,8817,253,4516,983,2736,149,0412015201620172018201920202021202228Description:Station-basedcar-sharingmileageinItalystoodatitshighestlevelin2019whenvehiclekilometersreachednearlyninemillionkilometers.Car-sharingusedroppedtojustoversixmillionkilometersduringtheCOVID-19pandemicbutrosetoovereightmillionkilometersin2022.Instation-basedcar-sharingschemes,hiredvehicleshavetobereturnedtothestationfromwhichtheywerepickedupordroppedoffatanotherdesignatedhirestation.

ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2015to2022Source(s):FondazioneperloSviluppoSostenibileCitieswiththelargestnumberofcar-sharingtripsinItalyin2022,bytypeofschemeItaly:Numberofcar-sharingtripsbycity2022NumberoftripsFree-floating1,500,000Station-based2,000,0000500,0001,000,0002,500,0003,000,0003,500,000MilanRomeTurinBolognaFlorenceGenoaFerraraPalermoCagliariNaplesVeniceCatania29Description:Car-sharingusersinMilanwerethemostfrequentusersinItaliancitiesin2022.Thatyear,usersinMilanmademorethan3.1milliontripsbysharedcars.InRome,whereuseissecond-highest,1.6milliontripsweremade.97percentofthesetripsweremadewithfree-floatingcars,despitestation-basedcarsmakingup14percentofRome'sfleet.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2022Source(s):FondazioneperloSviluppoSostenibileCitieswithhighestcar-sharingvehiclekilometersinItaly2022(inkilometers),bytypeofschemeItaly:Numberofcar-sharingvehiclekilometersbycity2022Car-sharingvehiclekilometersFree-floating20,000,000Station-based25,000,00005,000,00010,000,00015,000,00030,000,00035,000,00040,000,00045,000,000MilanRomeTurinBolognaFlorenceGenoaPalermoVeniceCagliariFerraraCataniaBergamo30Description:CarsharingusersinMilandrovecloseto39.6millionkilometersinsharedcarsin2022.Thesecond-highestdemandforcar-sharingcouldbefoundinRomewhere23.7millionkilometersweredriven,followedbyTurin,whichrecorded8.6millionkilometersdrivenbyprimarilyfree-floatingsharedcars.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2022Source(s):FondazioneperloSviluppoSostenibileNumberofcar-sharingtripspervehicleperday(TVD)inItalyinselectedcitiesin2022Italy:Numberofcar-sharingtripspervehicleperdaybycity2022Numberoftripspervehicleperday3012456TurinMilan5.414.01Rome3.63BolognaFlorence1.91.5331Description:AlthoughMilanandRomehadthelargestcar-sharingschemesinItalyin2022whenmeasuredbythenumberoftrips,butTurinhadthehighestnumberofhirespervehicleperdayat5.41.Meanwhile,MilanandRomerespectivelyreported4.01and3.63tripspervehicleperdayamongtheirsharingschemes.ReadmoreNote(s):Italy;2022Source(s):FondazioneperloSviluppoSostenibileCHAPTER

05UsersNumberofusersinthecar-sharingsegmentofthesharedmobilitymarketItalyfrom2018to2028(inmillionindividuals)Usersinthecar-sharingsegmentItaly2018-20283.53.02.52.01.51.00.50.02018201920202021202220232024202520262027202833Description:Thenumberofusersinthe'Car-sharing'segmentofthesharedmobilitymarketinItalywasforecasttocontinuouslyincreasebetween2024and2028byintotal0.5millionusers(+20.75percent).Afterthesixthconsecutiveincreasingyear,theindicatorisestimatedtoreach2.86millionusersandthereforeanewpeakin2028.Notably