2022年河南省南阳市高一下学期期终摸底考试英语试题

南阳地区2021~2022年度高一年级英语期终摸底考试卷考生注意：1.本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。2.请将各题答案填写在答题卡上。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATrainandWorkasaLiterary(文学的)EditorThisSummer!TheSummerScholarsProgramprovidedbyPolyphonyCompanyisan8-weekonlinepro-gramfor9th-12thgradehighschoolstudents.Aftercompletingthisprogram,studentswillhavesomebasicknowledgeofliteraryediting.CourseScheduleTraining:Weeks1-3Week1ApproachingPoetry:onlinecontent,livelecturesanddiscussionswithpoetryinstructors.Cooperatewithotherlearnersononepoetrysubmission.Week2ApproachingFiction:onlinecontent,livelecturesanddiscussionswithfictioninstructors.Cooperatewithotherlearnersononefictionsubmission.Week3ApproachingCreativeNonfiction:onlinecontent,livelectures,anddiscussionswithcreativenonfictioninstructors.Cooperatewithotherlearnersononecreativenonfictionsubmission.Weeks4-8Workasajunioreditor,respondingtotwoeditorialtasksperweek.Learnerswillreceivefeedbackoneverytask,Havingameetingwiththeinstructorstodiscussinterests,feedback,andtheareasofeachpageforfocus.LearningOutcomesWeexpectlearnerswilladvancetheirliteraryskillswhiledoingmeaningfulwork.Specificlearninggoalsinclude:methodstoapproachpoetry,fiction,andcreativenonfiction;practiceusingliterarydevicestointerpretandanalyzesubmissionsandgiveeditorialfeedback.Cost:$350/learnerWehopethatthesummerlearnerswillcontinueworkingwithPolyphonyCompanywhentheyfinishtheprogram.AndthelearnerswillhaveachancetobeaneditingroleatPolyphonyCompanyanditshighschoolliterarymagazine.Theinstructorswillgiveyoupersonalfeedbackaboutyourpathtopromotion,butasalearner,itisnotaguaranteeofpromotion.Historically,about10%ofourjunioreditorsearnpromotiontosenioreditors.1.Whoaremostlikelytobeattractedbythistext?A.Senioreditors. B.Writers. C.Highschoolstudents. D.Junioreditors.2.Whichweekwillthelearnerscooperatewithothersonpoetrysubmission?A.Week1. B.Week2. C.Week3. D.Week4.3.Whatcanthelearnersdowhentheyfinishtheprogram?A.Masteralltheskillsofliteraryediting. B.Learnsomecollegeknowledgeinadvance.C.Graduatefromhighschoolandentercollege. D.BeamemberofPolyphonyCompany.【答案】1.C2.A3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍一个文学培训课程，介绍了课程安排、成果和价格。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“TheSummerScholarsProgramprovidedbyPolyphonyCompanyisan8-weekonlinepro-gramfor9th-12thgradehighschoolstudents.(复调公司提供的暑期奖学金项目是一个为期8周的在线项目，面向9-12年级的高中生)”可推知，高中生最有可能被这篇文章所吸引。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Week1部分中“Cooperatewithotherlearnersononepoetrysubmission.(与其他学习者合作提交一篇诗歌)”可知，学习者在第一周将与他人合作提交诗歌。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据“Weexpectlearnerswilladvancetheirliteraryskillswhiledoingmeaningfulwork.Specificlearninggoalsinclude:methodstoapproachpoetry,fiction,andcreativenonfiction;practiceusingliterarydevicestointerpretandanalyzesubmissionsandgiveeditorialfeedback.(我们期望学习者在做有意义的工作的同时提高他们的文学技能。具体的学习目标包括：学习诗歌、小说和创造性非小说类作品的方法；练习使用文学手段来解释和分析投稿，并给出编辑反馈)”可知，学习者完成课程后可以掌握文学编辑的各项技能。故选A。BWhenshewas2yearsold,Blosberg’sdadwasdiagnosedwithaseriousillnessthatdisruptsthecentralnervoussystem—MS.But13yearslater,hereyesstartedmovingaroundrapidlyanduncontrollablyandherskinbecameextremelysensitive.Thesymptomsshewasexperiencingfelt“familiar”becausetheyreallylookedalotlikethethingsthatherdadwasexperiencing.AfterBlosbergwasofficiallydiagnosedwithMSin2011,sherealizedsheneededtoconnectwithotherteenagerswhohadMSandtrulyunderstoodwhatshewasgoingthrough.“Iknewtherehadtobeotherkidsoutthere,andIwantedtoconnectwiththem,”shesays.BlosbergthendecidedtocreateaFacebookpageforyoungpeoplewithMSandobtainedthehelpoftheNationalMSSociety.“Ifyoufindanyoneelseyoung,letmeknow,”Blosbergrecallssayingtotheorganization.“Iwanttotalktothem.Iwantthemtoknowthatthey’renotalone.”MSisoftenconsidered“anadultillness”.Blosberg’sFacebookpagewasherwayofbringingyoungpeoplewithMStogether.Butshedecidedtotakethingsonestepfurtherbyfoundinganonprofit,theMSMonkey,whichsupportschildrenandteenagerswhohavebeendiagnosedwiththeillness.Throughitall,Blosbergsaysherentirefamilyhasbeenproudofher—especiallyherfather.“Heknowswhatit’sliketolivewithMS,”sheshares.“He’smyrolemodel,though.IgrewupwatchinghimlivewithMSandnotlettingMSgetintheway.”4.WhatcanweknowaboutBlosberg?A.Shehaddifficultyinherstudy. B.Shewasdiagnosedwithanillness.C.Shehelpedherdadoutoftrouble. D.Shefollowedhisfather’sdream.5.WhydidBlosbergcreateaFacebookpage?A.ToadvertisetheNationalMSSociety. B.TorecordherexperiencetofightagainstMS.C.Tocallformorevolunteerslikerherfather. D.ToconnectmoreyoungpeoplewithMS.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBlosberg?A.Warm-heartedandstrong-willed. B.Open-mindedandgenerous.C.Outgoingandhumorous. D.Determinedandenergetic.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Mydad,myrolemodel B.AcommonillnessC.Noonehastofightalone D.AcharityfortreatingMS【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Blosberg和父亲一样，患上了多发性硬化症，她意识到她需要与其他患有多发性硬化症的青少年交流，真正理解她正在经历的事情。于是她创建Facebook页面，后来还创建了非营利组织MSMonkey，为被诊断患有这种疾病的儿童和青少年提供帮助。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“AfterBlosbergwasofficiallydiagnosedwithMSin2011,sherealizedsheneededtoconnectwithotherteenagerswhohadMSandtrulyunderstoodwhatshewasgoingthrough.(在2011年，布洛斯伯格被正式诊断为多发性硬化症后，她意识到她需要与其他患有多发性硬化症的青少年交流，真正理解她正在经历的事情)”可知，Blosberg被诊断出生病了。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Iknewtherehadtobeotherkidsoutthere,andIwantedtoconnectwiththem(我知道一定还有其他的孩子，我想和他们交流)”以及““Ifyoufindanyoneelseyoung,letmeknow,”Blosbergrecallssayingtotheorganization.“Iwanttotalktothem.Iwantthemtoknowthatthey’renotalone.”(“如果你找到其他年轻人，请告诉我，”Blosberg回忆当时对该组织说的。“我想和他们谈谈。我想让他们知道，他们并不孤单。”)”可知，Blosberg要创建一个Facebook页面是为了将更多的年轻人与多发性硬化症联系起来。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Blosberg’sFacebookpagewasherwayofbringingyoungpeoplewithMStogether.Butshedecidedtotakethingsonestepfurtherbyfoundinganonprofit,theMSMonkey,whichsupportschildrenandteenagerswhohavebeendiagnosedwiththeillness.(Blosberg的Facebook主页是她将MS的年轻人聚集在一起的方式。但她决定更进一步，成立一个非营利组织MSMonkey，为被诊断患有这种疾病的儿童和青少年提供帮助)”可推知，Blosberg热心且意志坚强。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“AfterBlosbergwasofficiallydiagnosedwithMSin2011,sherealizedsheneededtoconnectwithotherteenagerswhohadMSandtrulyunderstoodwhatshewasgoingthrough.“Iknewtherehadtobeotherkidsoutthere,andIwantedtoconnectwiththem,”shesays.(在2011年，Blosberg被正式诊断为多发性硬化症后，她意识到她需要与其他患有多发性硬化症的青少年交流，真正理解她正在经历的事情。她说：“我知道一定还有其他的孩子，我想和他们交流。”)”结合文章主要讲述了Blosberg和父亲一样，患上了多发性硬化症，她意识到她需要与其他患有多发性硬化症的青少年交流，真正理解她正在经历的事情。于是她设立Facebook页面，后来还创建了非营利组织MSMonkey，为被诊断患有这种疾病的儿童和青少年提供帮助。可知，C选项“没有人需要独自战斗”最符合文章标题。故选C。CHabitatloss,pesticides(农药)andclimatechangearethreateninginsectpopulationsworldwide.In2019,BiologicalConservationreportedthat40%ofallinsectsspeciesaredeclining(减少)globallyandthatathirdofthemareendangered.Andwhileitmaysoundnicetoliveinaworldwithfewerbadinsects,environmentalwriterOliverMilmansaysthathumanbeingswouldbeinbigtroublewithoutinsects.That’sbecauseinsectsplayimportantrolesinpollinating(给……授粉)plantsweeat,breakingdownwasteinforestsoilandformingthebaseofafoodchainthatotherlargeranimals—includinghumans—relyupon.“Itwouldbeanextremelyterribleplacetolivein—andcertainlynotsomethingweshouldeveraimfor.”Milmansaysofaninsect-freeexistence.“Youwouldcertainlyhavemassstarvationandsocialunrest...It’dbeaplacewheretherewouldbesmellywasteanddeadbodieseverywherebecauseinsectsthatbreakdownthosematerialswouldbegone.”Milmanchartsthetroublingdeclineofinsectsinhisnewbook,TheInsectCrisis:TheFalloftheTinyEmpiresThatRuntheWorld.Hesaysthatwhileit’simpossibletoknowexactlywhat’shappeningwitheveryinsectspeciesintheworld,theoveralltrendsarenotgood:ThebutterflypopulationinNorthAmericahasdeclinedquicklyinthepast40years,forexample,andaU.N.assessmentdonein2019foundthathalfamillioninsectspeciesareunderthreatofextinction,someinthecomingdecades.“Theworld,oursurroundings,wouldbefarquieter,fardullerwithoutinsects.”hesays.“Whenyoustartkindofdiggingdownintothesefigureslookingattheresearch,it’sclearthatthere’ssomethingseriouslywrong...Thereisastraightdeclineinmostinsectpopulations,andthatspellsmajortroubleforthembutalsoforus.”8.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutinsects?A.Theirclassification. B.Theirimportance.C.Theirfoodchain. D.Theirpopulation.9.WhatcanbeinferredaboutMilman’snewbook?A.Itdescribestheworryingdeclineofinsects.B.Ittellswhat’shappeningwithallinsectspecies.C.Itshowshalfamillionbutterflyspecieswillbeindangerofextinction.D.ItexplainswhythenumberofbutterfliesinSouthAmericahasincreased.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothedeclineofinsectpopulation?A.Positive. B.Unconcerned. C.Worried. D.Doubtful.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theintroductionoftheendangeredinsects.B.Theeffectsofthedeclininginsects’population.C.Thewaysofincreasinginsects’population.D.Thereasonsofthreateninginsects’population.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了昆虫数量下降对人类产生的影响。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“That’sbecauseinsectsplayimportantrolesinpollinating(给……授粉)plantsweeat,breakingdownwasteinforestsoilandformingthebaseofafoodchainthatotherlargeranimals—includinghumans—relyupon.(这是因为昆虫在为我们食用的植物授粉、分解森林土壤中的废物以及形成包括人类在内的其他大型动物所依赖的食物链的基础方面发挥着重要作用。)”可知，本段主要介绍了昆虫的重要性。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Milmanchartsthetroublingdeclineofinsectsinhisnewbook,TheInsectCrisis:TheFalloftheTinyEmpiresThatRuntheWorld.Hesaysthatwhileit'simpossibletoknowexactlywhat'shappeningwitheveryinsectspeciesintheworld,theoveralltrendsarenotgood(米尔曼在他的新书《昆虫危机：统治世界的小帝国的衰落》中描绘了昆虫令人不安的衰落。他说，虽然不可能确切地知道世界上每一种昆虫都发生了什么，但总体趋势并不乐观)”可知，米尔曼的这本新书中主要描述了令人担忧的昆虫数量的下降情况。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。分析全文内容可知，第二段介绍了昆虫的重要性，第四段通过介绍米尔曼的新书描绘了昆虫令人不安的衰落，再根据文章最后一段“Thereisastraightdeclineinmostinsectpopulations,andthatspellsmajortroubleforthembutalsoforus(大多数昆虫的数量都在直线下降，这不仅给它们带来了大麻烦，也给我们带来了大麻烦)”可知，作者对昆虫下降的态度是担忧的。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。分析全文内容，并根据最后一段“Thereisastraightdeclineinmostinsectpopulations,andthatspellsmajortroubleforthembutalsoforus(大多数昆虫的数量都在直线下降，这不仅给它们带来了大麻烦，也给我们带来了大麻烦)”可知，文章主要介绍了昆虫数量下降对人类产生的影响。所以B选项“昆虫数量下降的影响”符合题意。故选B项。DAstudyonastronautsfoundthatashortsleepduringthedayuptotwoandahalfhourslongimprovedworkingmemoryperformance.Workingmemoryincludesfocusingattentionononetaskwhileholdingothertasksinmemory,soapoorworkingmemorycouldresultinerrors.Takingashortsleepmaymakeyouthinkmoreclearlyfortheperiodrightafteryouwakeupandmaybehoursintotheday.Takingashortsleeponceortwiceaweekcouldlowertheriskofheartattacks,accordingtoa2019studypublishedinthejournalHeart.Aftertrackingmorethan3,400peoplebetweentheagesof35and75forslightlymorethanfiveyears,theresearchersfoundthatthosewhoenjoyedoccasionalshortsleep—onceortwiceaweek,forfiveminutestoanhour—were48%lesslikelythanthosewhodidn'ttakeashortsleeptoexperienceaheartattackorheartfailure.Alackofqualitysleepcouldleadtoovereatingbecausenotenoughsleepisbelievedtostimulatehungerandstophormone(荷尔蒙)signalsthatcommunicatefullness.Thefindingswereimportantbecausewomenwereathighriskoffatnessandsleepdisorders,theresearcherssaid,whichcouldbothbedrivenbyahighintakeoffood.Takingashortsleephasbeenfoundtoimproveyourcreativity.Therightsideofyourbrainmightexperienceastrongmentalfeelingduringashortsleep,researchsuggested.Therightsideisthehemisphere(半球体)mostassociatedwithcreativetasks,suchasimaginationandthinking,whiletheleftismorelogical.Researchersmonitoringthebrainactivityof15peoplefoundthattherightsideoftheirbraincommunicatedbusilywithitselfaswellaswithitsleftpart.Theleftsideofthebrain,however,remainedrelativelyquiet.InaJanuary2020studyof2,214Chineseadultsaged60andolder,thosewhotookafternoonsleepforfiveminutestotwohoursshowedbettermentalresponsethanthosewhodidn’ttakeashortsleep.12.Whatdoweknowaboutthestudyonastronauts?A.Takingashortsleepsurelyresultsinerrors.B.Improvingworkingmemoryabilityneedsalongsleep.C.Sleepinguptooneandahalfhourisneededduringtheday.D.Havingagoodworkingmemorymaycompletethetaskbetter.13.Whatcanweinferabouttakingashortsleepfromparagraph2?A.Itmaymakeyouthinkclearlyallday.B.Itcouldreducetheriskofheartattacks.C.Itmade48%ofpeoplefreefromaheartattack.D.Itmaycauseover3,400personstosufferfromheartattack.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stimulate”inparagraph3mean?A.Referto. B.Focuson. C.Giveup. D.Resultin.15.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Sports. B.Education. C.Health. D.Technology.【答案】12.D13.B14.D15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是白天短时间的睡眠可以善我们的工作记忆表现、降低心脏病发作的风险、提高创造性，并且可以使我们的精神状态更好。【12题详解】推理判断题。由第一段“Astudyonastronautsfoundthatashortsleepduringthedayuptotwoandahalfhourslongimprovedworkingmemoryperformance.Workingmemoryincludesfocusingattentionononetaskwhileholdingothertasksinmemory,soapoorworkingmemorycouldresultinerrors.(一项针对宇航员的研究发现，白天长达两个半小时的短睡眠可以改善工作记忆表现。工作记忆包括将注意力集中在一项任务上，同时对其他任务保持记忆，所以糟糕的工作记忆可能会导致错误)”可知，糟糕的工作记忆可能会导致错误，由此推知，良好的工作记忆可以让人更好地完成任务。故选D项。【13题详解】推理判断题。由第二段的句子“Takingashortsleeponceortwiceaweekcouldlowertheriskofheartattacks,accordingtoa2019studypublishedinthejournalHeart.(2019年发表在《心脏》杂志上的一项研究表明，每周睡一两次的短时间睡眠可以降低心脏病发作的风险)”可推知，短时间睡眠可以降低心脏病发作的风险。故选B项。【14题详解】词句猜测题。由划线单词前面的句子“Alackofqualitysleepcouldleadtoovereating(缺乏高质量的睡眠可能会导致暴饮暴食)”可知，缺乏睡眠会让人吃得过多，吃得多肯定是因为产生了饥饿感。所以文中划线词stimulate与resultin意思相近，是“导致、产生”的意思。故选D项。【15题详解】推理判断题。本文的主要内容是说白天短时间的睡眠可以改善我们的工作记忆表现、降低心脏病发作的风险、提高创造性，并且可以使我们的精神状态更好，这些都是和健康密切相关的话题。所以文章可能会出现在报纸的“Health”板块。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Shouldteensdohouseworkafterschool?___16___Somemightclaimthatdoinghouseworkisawasteoftimewhileothersfeelthathouseworkisagoodopportunityforteenstobecomemoremature.Asforme,Istronglyarguethatitisindeednecessaryforteenstodohouseholdworktohelpdevelopasenseofresponsibility.Firstofall,toberesponsible,teenagersshouldlearnhowtomanagetheirtime.___17___WhenIwasinseniorhigh,Ihadtowashdisheseveryday.Therefore,Ilearnedhowtodomychores(家务)quicklytosavemoretimeforstudyingandrelaxing.Ontheotherhand,mylittlebrotherdidnotdoanyhousework,sohealwaysstruggledtokeeptohisschedule.___18___Doinghouseholdchorescantrainteenstobecomeindependentpeople.Forinstance,whenmysisterwasinhighschool,shehadtodoherownwashingandcleaning,andevencookherownfood.Asaresult,sheknewhowtotakecareofherself.Sherarelyreliedonanyone.Finally,doinghouseholdchorescanhelpteensbecomebetterleaders.___19___Whenmyfamilycleanthehousetogether,Ioftengiveordersandseeeveryonedohisorherownwork.Mysisterisinchargeofdustingthefloor,Icleanthewindows,andmybrothertakesoutthewaste.___20___Moreover,statisticsshowthatalotofstudentswhoareclassleadersoftenareresponsibleforthemainhouseholdchoresintheirfamilies.A.Takemypersonalexperienceforexample.B.Peopleadoptdifferentstandstowardthisissue.C.Besides,beingresponsiblemeansbeingindependent.D.Parentsfeelangryiftheirteensdon'thelpwiththehousework.E.Secondly,itgivesteensthesensethatthey'repartofthefamily.F.Doinghouseholdworkcanhelpthemdevelopgoodtimemanagementskills.G.Asaresult,whenIwasselectedastheleaderingroupprojects,Ifeltconfidentaboutit.【答案】16.B17.F18.C19.A20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者认为青少年做家务有助于培养责任感。【16题详解】根据下文“Somemightclaimthatdoinghouseworkisawasteoftime,whileothersfeelthathouseworkisagoodopportunityforteenstobecomemoremature.(一些人可能会认为做家务是浪费时间，而另一些人认为家务是青少年变得更成熟的好机会。)”可知，不同的人有不同的看法。选项B“Peopleadoptdifferentstandstowardthisissue.(人们对这个问题采取不同的立场。)”中的“thisissue”代指上文的“Shouldteensdohouseworkafterschool?(青少年放学后应该做家务吗?)”同时又引出下文。故选B。【17题详解】根据上文“Firstofall,toberesponsible,teenagersshouldlearnhowtomanagetheirtime.(首先，为了负责任，青少年应该学会如何管理他们的时间。)”可知，作者认为青少年应该学会管理自己的时间。选项F“Doinghouseholdworkcanhelpthemdevelopgoodtimemanagementskills.(做家务可以帮助他们培养良好的时间管理技能。)”与上文一致，再次指出做家务会带来的好处。故选F。【18题详解】空处为段首句，为本段中心句。根据下文“Doinghouseholdchorescantrainteenstobecomeindependentpeople.(家务可以训练青少年成为独立的人。)”可知，本段讲述的是青少年应该独立。选项C“Besides,beingresponsiblemeansbeingindependent.(此外，负责意味着独立。)”符合本段内容。故选C。【19题详解】根据下文“Whenmyfamilycleanthehousetogether,Ioftengiveordersandseeeveryonedohisorherownwork.Mysisterisinchargeofdustingthefloor,Icleanthewindows,andmybrothertakesoutthewaste.(当我的家人一起打扫房子的时候，我经常发号施令，看着每个人都做他或她自己的工作。我姐姐负责扫地，我擦窗户，我哥哥拿垃圾。)”可知，作者以自身为例，说明做家务可以让青少年成为领导者。选项A“Takemypersonalexperienceforexample.(以我的个人经历为例。)”符合下文。故选A。【20题详解】根据上文“Whenmyfamilycleanthehousetogether,Ioftengiveordersandseeeveryonedohisorherownwork.Mysisterisinchargeofdustingthefloor,Icleanthewindows,andmybrothertakesoutthewaste.(当我的家人一起打扫房子的时候，我经常发号施令，看着每个人都做他或她自己的工作。我姐姐负责扫地，我擦窗户，我哥哥拿垃圾。)”可知，作者通过在家做家务锻炼了自己的领导能力。选项G“Asaresult,whenIwasselectedastheleaderingroupprojects,Ifeltconfidentaboutit.(因此，当我在小组项目中被选为组长的时候，我很有信心。)”是上文的延续，说明作者通过做家务锻炼了自己的领导能力后，被选为组长后才会很有信心。故选G。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。JessieHamiltonhasworkedasacookatLouisianaStateUniversity(LSU)for14years.Thestudents____21____calledhertheirbelovedsecondmother.Shewasfamouslyknownto____22____anear,giveahandoroffer____23____advicewhenneeded.Jessiemadealong-lasting____24____ontheyoungmen.Andrew,amanwho____25____LSUinthe1980s,remainedclosewithJessieinthepast36years.Oneday,hepaida____26____toher,knowingshewasstilldoingtwojobs.Whenaskedwhyshehadnot____27____yet,sheadmittedthatshehadlongbeenreadybutsimplycouldnot____28____to.In2005,Jessebecameaproudhomeowner.____29____,toaffordthehouse,shetookouta30-yearmortgage(按揭贷款),which_____30_____thatshewouldbeworkingfortherestofherlifetopayitoff.DiscoveringJessiewaspreventedfrom_____31_____herlongdeservedretirement,Andrewwasdeterminedtodosomethingaboutit.HeknewthatJessiehadaspecialbond(关系)withmanyoftheformer_____32_____,sohehadanideatostartafundraiser.Herequested_____33_____ofanyamountfromhisschoolmatesto_____34_____Jessie’smortgage.Andrewhadeverything_____35_____intimeforJessie’supcoming74thbirthday.Andrew,togetherwithother7studentrepresentatives,traveledtoJessie’shomefortheevent.Jessie’ssonledheroutsidewherethe_____36_____crowdsang,“HappyBirthday.”Jessiewasovercomewithemotionas_____37_____streameddownherface.Shewaspresentedwithabirthdaycard_____38_____byallthe91studentsanda$45,000_____39_____topayoffhermortgage.“IfIhadn’tbeen_____40_____,Iwouldhavefallendown.”Jessierecalledtheemotionalmoment.21.A.confusingly B.amusingly C.humorously D.lovingly22.A.lend B.pay C.find D.buy23.A.bad B.pure C.wise D.common24.A.problem B.impact C.effort D.life25.A.adapted B.adopted C.attended D.admitted26.A.visit B.price C.fine D.card27.A.resigned B.retired C.reviewed D.remained28.A.afford B.determine C.desire D.refuse29.A.Besides B.Therefore C.However D.Instead30.A.seemed B.meant C.said D.supposed31.A.waiting B.applying C.attempting D.enjoying32.A.teachers B.parents C.students D.colleagues33.A.debts B.interests C.profits D.donations34.A.helpwith B.turninto C.setaside D.putaway35.A.quit B.prepared C.sold D.updated36.A.frightened B.disappointed C.crazy D.excited37A.water B.rain C.tears D.sweats38.A.signed B.received C.posted D.delivered39.A.bill B.check C.tool D.house40.A.sleeping B.standing C.lying D.sitting【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.B25.C26.A27.B28.A29.C30.B31.D32.C33.D34.A35.B36.D37.C38.A39.B40.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了JessieHamilton的学生们捐款帮助她还贷款，给她过生日的故事。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：学生们亲切地称她为他们敬爱的第二个母亲。A.confusingly困惑地；B.amusingly高兴地；C.humorously幽默地；D.lovingly亲切地。根据后文“calledhertheirbelovedsecondmother.”可知，学生们称呼她为他们敬爱的第二个母亲，应该是很亲切地（lovingly）称呼。故选D项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：众所周知，在需要的时候，她会倾听、伸出援手或提供明智的建议。A.lend借；B.pay支付；C.find找到；D.buy买。根据后文“giveahand”可知，她经常帮助别人。lendanear是固定搭配，表示“倾听”。故选A项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：众所周知，在需要的时候，她会倾听、伸出援手或提供明智的建议。A.bad坏的；B.pure纯净的；C.wise明智的；D.common普通的。根据前文“lendanear,giveahand”可知，她经常倾听、帮助别人，并给出明智的建议，wise符合句意。故选C项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：杰西对年轻人产生了持久的影响。A.problem问题；B.impact影响；C.effort努力；D.life生活。根据前文“Thestudentslovinglycalledhertheirbelovedsecondmother.Shewasfamouslyknowntolendanear,giveahandorofferwiseadvicewhenneeded.(学生们亲切地称她为他们敬爱的第二个母亲。众所周知，在需要的时候，她会倾听、伸出援手或提供明智的建议。)”可知，学生们亲切地称她为他们敬爱的第二个母亲,且她经常帮助别人。应该是对年轻人产生了持久的影响，impact符合句意。故选B项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：安德鲁在20世纪80年代就读于路易斯安那州立大学，在过去的36年里，他和杰西一直保持着密切的关系。A.adapted适应；B.adopted采用；C.attended参加，就读；D.admitted承认。根据下文“remainedclosewithJessieinthepast36years(在过去的36年里，他和杰西一直保持着密切的关系。)”可知，他和杰西一直保持着密切的关系，那么说明他应该曾经就读于路易斯安那州立大学，是她的学生，attended符合句意。故选C项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他去看她，知道她还在做两份工作。A.visit拜访；B.price价格；C.fine罚款；D.card卡片。根据下文“knowingshewasstilldoingtwojobs”可知，他知道她还在做两份工作，那么说明他应该是去拜访她了，visit符合句意。故选A项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当被问及为什么她还没有退休时，她承认自己早就准备好了，只是负担不起。A.resigned辞职；B.retired退休；C.reviewed复习；D.remained保持。根据下文第11空后的“herlongdeservedretirement”可知，她应该退休了。故选B项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当被问及为什么她还没有退休时，她承认自己早就准备好了，只是负担不起。A.afford负担得起；B.determine巨顶；C.desire渴望；D.refuse拒绝。根据后文“toaffordthehouse,shetookouta30-yearmortgage”可知，她申请了30年的抵押贷款，退休了就无法负担贷款了。故选A项。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：2005年，杰西自豪地拥有了自己的房子。然而，为了买房，她申请了30年的抵押贷款，这意味着她要工作一辈子才能还清。A.Besides此外；B.Therefore因此；C.However然而；D.Instead相反。根据前文“In2005,Jessebecameaproudhomeowner”可知，杰西自豪地拥有了自己的房子，后文“shetookouta30-yearmortgage”她申请了30年的抵押贷款，说明前后句是转折关系。故选C项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2005年，杰西自豪地拥有了自己的房子。然而，为了买房，她申请了30年的抵押贷款，这意味着她要工作一辈子才能还清。A.seemed似乎；B.meant意味着；C.said说；D.supposed假设。根据前文“shetookouta30-yearmortgage”她申请了30年的抵押贷款，那么这意味着她要工作一辈子才能还清，meant符合句意。故选B项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：安德鲁发现杰西不能享受她应得的退休生活，他决定做点什么。A.waiting等待；B.applying申请；C.attempting尝试；D.enjoying享受。根据前文可知，杰西因为要还贷款，所以不能享受退休生活，enjoying符合句意。故选D项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他知道杰西和许多以前的学生有一种特殊的联系，所以他有了一个发起募捐的想法。A.teachers老师；B.parents父母；C.students学生；D.colleagues同事。根据前文可知，杰西在路易斯安那州立大学工作，安德鲁也是她学生，因此students符合句意。故选C项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他请求同学们捐款帮助杰西偿还抵押贷款。A.debts债务；B.interests兴趣；C.profits利润；D.donations捐赠。根据前文“hehadanideatostartafundraiser”可知，他发起了募捐，donations符合句意。故选D项。【34题详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：他请求同学们捐款帮助杰西偿还抵押贷款。A.helpwith帮助；B.turninto变成；C.setaside留作…之用；D.putaway收起，放好。根据后文的“Jessie’smortgage”可知，他们捐款是为了帮助杰西还贷款，helpwith符合句意。故选A项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了迎接杰西即将到来的74岁生日，安德鲁做好了一切准备。A.quit辞职；B.prepared准备；C.sold卖；D.updated更新。根据后文的“Andrew,togetherwithother7studentrepresentatives,traveledtoJessie’shomefortheevent.(Andrew和其他7名学生代表一起来到Jessie家参加活动)”可知，杰西即将到来74岁生日，安德鲁做了准备，prepared符合句意。故选B项。36题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：杰西的儿子领着她走到外面，兴奋的人群唱起了“生日快乐”。A.frightened惊吓的；B.disappointed失望的；C.crazy疯狂的；D.excited激动的。根据上下文可知，他们帮助杰西过74岁生日，应该是激动的，excited符合句意。故选D项。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：杰西激动得热泪盈眶。A.water水；B.rain雨；C.tears眼泪；D.sweats汗。根据上下文可知，自己的学生们帮助自己过生日，是一个意外的惊喜，杰西应该是激动得留下眼泪，tears符合句意。故选C项。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她收到了一张91名学生签名的生日卡和一张45,000美元的支票，用来偿还她的抵押贷款。A.signed签名；B.received收到；C.posted张贴；D.delivered运送。根据下文“byallthe91students”可知，应该是这张卡片上91个学生都签名了，signed符合句意。故选A项。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她收到了一张91名学生签名的生日卡和一张45,000美元的支票，用来偿还她的抵押贷款。A.bill账单；B.check支票；C.tool工具；D.house房子。根据前文“a$45,000”以及上文提到，她的学生们给她捐款可知，这应该是一张45,000美元的支票，check符合句意。故选B项。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果我没有坐着，我就会摔倒。”杰西回忆起了那一刻激动人心的时刻。A.sleeping睡觉；B.standing站；C.lying躺；D.sitting坐。根据下文“Iwouldhavefallendown”我会摔倒，可知杰西应该是坐着，sitting符合句意。故选D项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Afterhercollegeclosedforthefirstlockdown(封控)inMarch2020,FintyRoylewaslookingforsomethingtodoinhercommunitytohelppeople.Whenalocalcompanysaidthatit____41____(want)someonetodeliverfreemealsforfamilies____42____need,itwasperfectforRoyle.Shecycled25milesaroundherareaeverydaytohandoutthemeals.SpeakingtoTheWeekJunior,shesaid,“Thechildrengot____43____(extreme)excitedtoseemeeveryday.Therewasevenonefamilywhohaddrawn____44____pictureinchalkofsomeonecyclingthrougharainbowinfrontoftheirhouse.”Royle,aged19,hasnowbecomeayouthcampaignerforacharitycalledMagicBreak-fast,____45____aimstoprovidepupilsacrosstheUKwith____46____(health)breakfaststohelpthemlearnaswellastheycanatschool.Shesaysthebest____47____(choose)forbreakfastisporridgebecauseit’sgoodforyouanditkeepsyou____48____(go)forthewholemorning.MagicBreakfast’syouthcampaigners,includingRoyle,havewrittentoPrimeMinistertoaskhimtoincreasetheGovernment’sfundingforfreeschoolbreakfastsby£75million.AsfoodpricesriseacrosstheUK,morefamiliesmayfindithardtoaffordschoolmeals.Roylebelievesitismeaningfultodowhatyoucan____49____(help)yourlocalcommunityandwhatyoudocanalsochange____50____(you).【答案】41.wanted42.in43.extremely44.a45.which46.healthy47.choice48.going49.tohelp50yourself【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述罗伊尔在2020年开始给需要的家庭送免费膳食并现在成为一个名为“神奇快攻”的慈善机构的青年活动家。【41题详解】考查时态。句意：当一家当地公司表示希望有人为有需要的家庭提供免费膳食时，这对罗伊尔来说是再合适不过了。由前文said可知，宾语从句中谓语也应用一般过去时，且和主语为主动关系。故填wanted。【42题详解】考查介词。句意：当一家当地公司表示希望有人为有需要的家庭提供免费膳食时，这对罗伊尔来说是再合适不过了。inneed表“有需要的”，为固定搭配，在这里作定语修饰前面名词