测绘专业英语lessonone

测绘专业英语

EnglishforSurveying测绘遥感信息工程系常德娥

2009.09.01LessonOne

SummaryofDefinitionsLessonOne:SummaryofDefinitionsNewwordsandExpressionslevelsurface

水准面curved

adj.弯曲的element

n..元素normalto

与……垂直，是……的法线plumbline

铅垂线disregard

vt.不考虑、不管

NewwordsandExpressionsdeviation

n.偏离、偏差vertical

n.垂直线adj.垂直的mean

adj.平均的spheroid

n.旋转椭球体horizontalplane

水准面 tangentto

与……相切intersection

n.交叉、相交

NewwordsandExpressionsperpendicularto

与…..垂直nadir

n.天底zenith

n.天顶term

vt.称……为……..inclined

adj.倾斜的inpractically

实质上，实际上equivalent

adj.等价的

NewwordsandExpressionselevation

n..高度、海拔Arbitrarily

adv.任意的Assume

vt.假定为Datum

n.大地水准面Contour

n.轮廓、等高线Corresponding

adj.相应的

NewwordsandExpressionsDifferenceinelevation

高差Leveling

n.水准测量Gradient

n.倾斜度Slope

n.坡度TextPart1:Definitionoflevelsurface(para1)Alevelsurfaceisacurvedsurface,everyelementofwhichisnormaltoaplumbline,disregardinglocaldeviationsoftheplumblinefromtheverticalwiththemeanspheroidsurfaceoftheearth.

水准面是弯曲的表面，水准面上的每一个元素都与铅垂线垂直，（这种垂直关系）是假定不考虑某处的铅垂线与地球平均旋转椭球面的垂线间的偏差。Thepictureoflevelsurface

Part2:Definitionsofhorizontalplane、horizontallineandangle(Para2、3and4)Ahorizontalplaneisaplanetangenttoalevelsurfaceataparticularpoint.水平面是在特定点上相切于水准面的平面.

HorizontallineandangleAhorizontallineisalinetangenttoalevelsurface.水平线是相切于水准面的线.Insurveying,itiscommonlyunderstoodthatahorizontallineisstraight.在测量学里,通常认为水平线是直线.

HorizontallineandangleAhorizontalangleisanangleformedbytheintersectionoftwolinesinahorizontalplane.水平角是由水平面内两条相交线所构成的角.ThepictureofhorizontalanglePart3:Definitionsofverticalline、verticalplaneandangle(para5、6、7、8)Averticallineisalineperpendiculartotheplane.Aplumblineisanexample.垂线是垂直于平面的直线，例如铅垂线。Part3Averticallineinthedirectiontowardthecenteroftheearthistobesaidinthedirectionofnadir.指向球心的垂线为天底方向（的垂线）.Averticallineinthedirectionawayfromthecenteroftheearthandaboveobservor’sheadissaidtodirectedthezenith.

远离球心且在观测者上方的垂线为天顶方向。Part3Verticalplane:Averticalplaneisaplaneinwhichtheverticallineisanelement.垂直面是以垂线为元素的平面.Verticalangle:Averticalangleisan

anglebetweentwointersectinglinesinaverticalplane.垂直角是垂直面内两条相交线的夹角.Insurveying,itiscommonlyunderstoodthatoneoftheselinesishorizontal,在测量学里通常认为其中的一条是水平线.Verticalangle:andaverticalangletoapointisunderstoodtobetheangleinaverticalplanebetweenalinetothatpointandthehorizontalplane.过一点的垂直角是在垂直面内过该点的直线与水平面间的夹角.ThepictureofverticalanglePart4:Definitionsofzenithangleandnadirangle(para9)Azenithangleisananglebetweentwolinesinaverticalplanewhereitisunderstoodthatoneofthelinesisdirectedtowardthezenith.天顶角是垂直平面内其中一条直线指向天顶方向的两条直线间的夹角.Part4:Definitionsofzenithangleandnadirangle(para9)Anadirangleisananglebetweentwolinesinaverticalplanewhereitisunderstoodthatoneofthelinesisdirectedtowardthenadir.天底角是垂直面内其中一条直线指向天底方向的两条直线间的夹角.Part5:Definitionsofhorizontaldistance(para10)Inplanesurveying,distancesmeasuredalongalevellinearetermedhorizontaldistances.在平面测量学里,沿水准线量测的距离称为水平距离.Part5:Definitionsofhorizontaldistance(para10)Thedistancebetweentwopointsiscommonlyunderstoodtobethehorizontaldistancesfromtheplumblinethroughonepointtotheplumblinethroughtheother.两点间的距离通常理解为过一点的铅垂线与过另一点的铅垂线之间的水平距离.Part5:Measureddistancemaybeeitherhorizontalorinclined,测量的距离可能是水平距离或者倾斜距离,butinpracticallyallcasestheinclineddistancesarereducedtoequivalenthorizontallengths.但实际上,所有的倾斜距离都简化为等价的水平距离来处理.Part6:Definitionsofelevation、contour、differenceinelevationandgradient(para11、para12、para13、para14）Theelevationofapointisitsverticaldistanceabove(below)somearbitrarilyassumedlevelsurface.一点的高程是该点距离任意的假定水准面的垂直距离.Part6Acontourisanimaginarylineofconstantelevationonthegroundsurface.等值线是地面上具有一致高程的虚构线.Thecorrespondinglineonthemapiscalledacontourline.在地图上的相应线叫做等高线.Part6Theverticaldistancebetweentwopointsistermedthedifferenceinelevation.两点间的垂直距离成为高差.Itisthedistancebetweenanimaginarylevelsurfacecontainingthehighpointandanothersimilarsurfacecontainingthelowpoint