高三英语二轮复习五月美国读者文摘改编语法填空6

2024年五月美国读者文摘改编练习版语法填空1Roughly42%ofAmericansarenearsightedtoday,1____________(pare)to25%in1971.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)predictsthatabouthalfofthe_____________(world)populationwillhavemyopia,ornearsightedness,by2050.It’sclearthatourvisionisbeing2____________(increasing)blurry,3_________researchersareonlynowbeginningtounderstandwhy.4______________(general),achildhoodphenomenon,myopiahappenswhentheeyeballgrowstoolongfromfronttoback,5___________(take)onmoreofanovalshapeversusasphere.Eyeshavea“stopsignal”6_______________theygrowproportionallywiththehead,explainsGregorySchwartz,7________associateprofessorattheDepartmentsofOphthalmologyandNeuroscienceattheFeinbergSchoolofMedicineatNorthwesternUniversity.However,thatsignalcanbeinterruptedbygeneticandenvironmentalfactors,8__________leadstooureyeballsgrowingabittoomuch,9__________(make)themtoobigfortheoptics(thelensandthecornea,10_____________areresponsibleforfocusingyourvision).生词注释：nearsighted:近视的myopia:近视blurry:模糊的general:一般来说takeon:呈现ophthalmology:眼科学neuroscience:神经科学optics:光学

语法填空2Themismatchbetweentheeyeballs1_________theopticsleadstofaroffobjectslookingoutoffocus.Telltalesignsyoumighthavemyopiaalsoincludeheadaches,aswellaseyestrainandtirednesswhendoingcertainactivitiessuchasdriving2_______playingsports.Whileourfirstinstinctis3________________(blame)theincreaseduseofscreens,expertsbelievetherealreasonisnotthat,exactly,butit’srelated:namelylesstimespentoutdoors.Naturallightisessentialforhealthyeyedevelopment,saysSchwartz.A2017study4______________(publish)inJAMAOphthalmologyfoundacorrelationbetween5___________(increase)UVBexposureandadecreaseinmyopia,6____________(particular)inchildrenandyoungadults.Exposuretonaturallightstimulatesdopamine,7____________helpsregulatenormalgrowthanddevelopmentoftheeyeball.Indoorlighting8________________(notdo)thetrick.Ideally,kidsshouldgetatleasttwohoursofnaturallightaday.Thatsaid,ourincreaseduseofscreensisaproblem.Mostscreensarehighcontrast—likeblacktextonawhitepage,orlighttextonadarkbackground,saysSchwartz.It’sstill9_______theory,butsomescientiststhinkthatthecontrastofreadingabookorlookingatabrightscreeninadarkroommightbeoverstimulating10__________(we)retinas(视网膜),causingmoreeyegrowthinchildren.生词注释：mismatch：不匹配eyeball：眼球optics：光学outoffocus：失焦myopia：近视blame：归咎于instinct：本能UVB：紫外线Bdopamine：多巴胺retina：视网膜

语法填空3MyfriendTomrunsawhalewatchcruise.Recently,hisavidwhalewatcherandfriend,Buddy,died.SoTomcanceledhisnightlycruiseand1_____________(organize)aprivatememorialservice.Morethan80ofBuddy’sfriendsandfamilymemberscametosayalastgoodbye.Amongthepassengers2________(be)aseriouslookingyoungwoman3__________satquietlybyherselfand4___________nooneseemedtoknow.Theservicewentwell,withlotsoflaughter,afewtearsandgreat5____________(story)aboutBuddy.Thentheboatreturnedtothedock,and,astheyoungwomandeparted,CaptainTomthankedherforattending.“6___________(honest),”shesaid,“thiswasthe7____________(bad)whalewatchcruiseIhaveeverbeenon.”Afranticwomanapproachedmycoworkeroutsideofthehealthcarefacility8___________wework.Herdoghadescapedfromherhomewhileshewasout,shesaid,andwaslastseen9___________(run)nearthebusyfreeway.MycoworkerandIrantowardthefreeway,spottedthedog,andspentthenexthourrunningarounduntilfinallycatchingit.Hotandwinded,wereturnedtoworkandhandedthewomanherdog.Fifteenminuteslater,shepulledbackup.“Thisisn’tmydog,”shesaid.“Mydogwassafeathome.”Shethenhandedus10________extradoganddroveoff.生词注释：whalewatchcruise：观鲸游avid：热衷的memorialservice：追悼会frantic：焦急的healthcarefacility：医疗机构freeway：高速公路

2024年五月美国读者文摘改编解析版语法填空1Roughly42%ofAmericansarenearsightedtoday,1____________(pare)to25%in1971.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)predictsthatabouthalfofthe_____________(world)populationwillhavemyopia,ornearsightedness,by2050.It’sclearthatourvisionisbeing2____________(increasing)blurry,3_________researchersareonlynowbeginningtounderstandwhy.4______________(general),achildhoodphenomenon,myopiahappenswhentheeyeballgrowstoolongfromfronttoback,5___________(take)onmoreofanovalshapeversusasphere.Eyeshavea“stopsignal”6_______________theygrowproportionallywiththehead,explainsGregorySchwartz,7________associateprofessorattheDepartmentsofOphthalmologyandNeuroscienceattheFeinbergSchoolofMedicineatNorthwesternUniversity.However,thatsignalcanbeinterruptedbygeneticandenvironmentalfactors,8__________leadstooureyeballsgrowingabittoomuch,9__________(make)themtoobigfortheoptics(thelensandthecornea,10_____________areresponsibleforfocusingyourvision).生词注释：nearsighted:近视的myopia:近视blurry:模糊的general:一般来说takeon:呈现ophthalmology:眼科学neuroscience:神经科学optics:光学文章翻译：如今，大约42%的美国人患有近视，与1971年的25%相比。世界卫生组织（WHO）预测，到2050年，全球大约一半的人口将患有近视。显然，我们的视力正在变得越来越模糊，但研究人员现在才刚刚开始了解其中的原因。一般来说，近视是一种儿童现象，当眼球从前到后长得太长，呈现出更多的椭圆形而不是球形时，就会发生近视。格雷戈里·施瓦茨解释说，眼睛有一个“停止信号”，这样它们就能按比例随着头部的生长而生长。然而，这个信号可能会受到遗传和环境因素的干扰，导致我们的眼球长得过多，使它们对光学（即透镜和角膜，负责聚焦你的视力）来说太大了。文章大意：本文讨论了近视问题的严重性，特别是近年来近视率显著上升的现象。文章提到，近视主要发生在儿童期，是由于眼球前后生长过长造成的。研究人员正在探索导致近视的遗传因素和环境因素。答案及解析：pared解析：句子结构为“Ais...,paredtoB”，其中“paredto”为固定短语，表示“与...相比”，故填“pared”。increasingly解析：空格后接形容词“blurry”，需要一个副词来修饰它，表示视力“越来越模糊”。故填“increasingly”。but解析：句子前半部分提到视力变得模糊，而后半部分表示研究人员才开始了解原因，前后为转折关系，故填“but”。Generally解析：句子在描述近视的普遍情况，需要一个副词来表示“一般来说”，故填“Generally”。taking解析：句子描述眼球的生长形状，用“takingon”表示“呈现...的形状”，此处用现在分词作伴随状语，表示伴随“生长”的动作，故填“taking”。sothat解析：sothat”引导是一个结果状语从句的引导词，用于表示目的或结果。an解析：教授为单数名词，前面需要用不定冠词“a”或“an”，由于“associate”以元音音素开头，故填“an”。which解析：句子中“which”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子，表示这种信号的中断是由遗传和环境因素导致的，故填“which”。making解析：句子中“making”与前面的“growing”并列，用现在分词作结果状语，表示“导致眼球长得过多，使它们对光学来说太大了”，故填“making”。which解析：句子中“which”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰“thelensandthecornea”，表示它们负责聚焦视力，故填“which”。语法填空2Themismatchbetweentheeyeballs1_________theopticsleadstofaroffobjectslookingoutoffocus.Telltalesignsyoumighthavemyopiaalsoincludeheadaches,aswellaseyestrainandtirednesswhendoingcertainactivitiessuchasdriving2_______playingsports.Whileourfirstinstinctis3________________(blame)theincreaseduseofscreens,expertsbelievetherealreasonisnotthat,exactly,butit’srelated:namelylesstimespentoutdoors.Naturallightisessentialforhealthyeyedevelopment,saysSchwartz.A2017study4______________(publish)inJAMAOphthalmologyfoundacorrelationbetween5___________(increase)UVBexposureandadecreaseinmyopia,6____________(particular)inchildrenandyoungadults.Exposuretonaturallightstimulatesdopamine,7____________helpsregulatenormalgrowthanddevelopmentoftheeyeball.Indoorlighting8________________(notdo)thetrick.Ideally,kidsshouldgetatleasttwohoursofnaturallightaday.Thatsaid,ourincreaseduseofscreensisaproblem.Mostscreensarehighcontrast—likeblacktextonawhitepage,orlighttextonadarkbackground,saysSchwartz.It’sstill9_______theory,butsomescientiststhinkthatthecontrastofreadingabookorlookingatabrightscreeninadarkroommightbeoverstimulating10__________(we)retinas(视网膜),causingmoreeyegrowthinchildren.生词注释：mismatch：不匹配eyeball：眼球optics：光学outoffocus：失焦myopia：近视blame：归咎于instinct：本能UVB：紫外线Bdopamine：多巴胺retina：视网膜文章翻译：眼球与光学的不匹配导致远处的物体看起来失焦。近视的典型症状还包括头痛，以及在进行某些活动如驾驶或运动时眼睛疲劳和疲惫。尽管我们的第一反应是归咎于屏幕使用的增加，但专家认为真正的原因并非完全如此，而是与之相关：即户外时间减少。施瓦茨说，自然光对健康的眼睛发育至关重要。JAMA眼科杂志在2017年发表的一项研究发现，增加UVB暴露与近视减少之间存在相关性，尤其是在儿童和年轻人中。接触自然光会刺激多巴胺，这有助于调节眼球的正常生长和发育。室内照明则无法做到这一点。理想情况下，孩子每天应该至少接触两小时的自然光。尽管如此，我们增加屏幕使用确实是个问题。大多数屏幕都是高对比度的——就像白色页面上的黑色文本，或者在黑暗背景下的浅色文本，施瓦茨说。这仍然是一个理论，但一些科学家认为，在黑暗中阅读书籍或看明亮的屏幕可能会过度刺激我们的视网膜，导致儿童眼睛生长更多。文章大意：文章讨论了近视的原因，指出户外时间减少和屏幕使用增加可能是导致近视的两个主要因素。自然光对眼睛健康至关重要，而屏幕的高对比度可能会过度刺激视网膜，导致眼睛生长异常。答案及解析：and解析：根据句意和语境，此处需要一个并列连词来连接“theeyeballs”和“theoptics”，表示两者之间的不匹配关系。因此，填入“and”最为合适。or解析：句子中列举了两种活动“driving”和“playingsports”，表示在进行这些活动时可能会出现头痛、眼睛疲劳和疲惫的症状。因此，这里需要一个表示选择关系的连词，即“or”。toblame解析：固定短语“blamesb./sth.forsth.”意为“把某事归咎于某人/某物”。在此句中，使用了“ourfirstinstinctistoblame”的结构，表示“我们的第一反应是归咎于...”。published解析：句子描述了一项2017年发表的研究，因此需要使用过去分词“published”作为定语，修饰“study”，表示“被发表的研究”。increased解析：根据语境，这里需要形容词来修饰“UVBexposure”，表示“增加的UVB暴露”。因此，填入“increased”作为形容词最为合适。particularly解析：句子中提到UVB暴露与近视减少之间的相关性在儿童和年轻人中尤为明显，因此需要使用副词“particularly”来强调这一点。which解析：句子中描述了一个因果关系：接触自然光刺激多巴胺的产生，多巴胺又帮助调节眼球的正常生长和发育。因此，这里需要一个关系代词来引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“dopamine”，表示“这有助于调节眼球的正常生长和发育”。由于“dopamine”是物，且从句中缺少主语，故用“which”。doesn'tdo解析：句子中使用了“notdothetrick”这一固定短语，表示“不起作用”。由于句子时态为一般现在时，且主语为“Indoorlighting”，故使用第三人称单数形式的否定形式“doesn'tdo”。a解析：句子中提到“It’sstillatheory”，表示这仍然是一个理论。这里需要一个不定冠词“a”来修饰单数可数名词“theory”。our解析：句子中提到了“overstimulating...retinas”，根据语境可知这里指的是“我们的视网膜”，因此需要使用形容词性物主代词“our”来修饰“retinas”。

语法填空3MyfriendTomrunsawhalewatchcruise.Recently,hisavidwhalewatcherandfriend,Buddy,died.SoTomcanceledhisnightlycruiseand1_____________(organize)aprivatememorialservice.Morethan80ofBuddy’sfriendsandfamilymemberscametosayalastgoodbye.Amongthepassengers2________(be)aseriouslookingyoungwoman3__________satquietlybyherselfand4___________nooneseemedtoknow.Theservicewentwell,withlotsoflaughter,afewtearsandgreat5____________(story)aboutBuddy.Thentheboatreturnedtothedock,and,astheyoungwomandeparted,CaptainTomthankedherforattending.“6___________(honest),”shesaid,“thiswasthe7____________(bad)whalewatchcruiseIhaveeverbeenon.”Afranticwomanapproachedmycoworkeroutsideofthehealthcarefacility8___________wework.Herdoghadescapedfromherhomewhileshewasout,shesaid,andwaslastseen9___________(run)nearthebusyfreeway.MycoworkerandIrantowardthefreeway,spottedthedog,andspentthenexthourrunningarounduntilfinallycatchingit.Hotandwinded,wereturnedtoworkandhandedthewomanherdog.Fifteenminuteslater,shepulledbackup.“Thisisn’tmydog,”shesaid.“Mydogwassafeathome.”Shethenhandedus10________extradoganddroveoff.生词注释：whalewatchcruise：观鲸游avid：热衷的memorialservice：追悼会frantic：焦急的healthcarefacility：医疗机构freeway：高速公路文章翻译：我的朋友Tom经营一家观鲸游。最近，他的热衷观鲸的朋友Buddy去世了。所以Tom取消了当晚的观鲸游，并组织了一个