contrastbetweenchineseandenglish英汉对比2词搭配

ContrastBetweenChineseandEnglish

I.CorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChineseatWordLevel

1.

Word-for-WordCorrespondence

Marxism=马克思主义Aspirin＝

阿斯匹林laser＝激光leukemia白血病2.OneWordWithMultipleEquivalentsoftheSameMeaningwife:妻子、爱人、夫人、老婆、老伴、媳妇、堂客、内人……人：humanbeing,man,people,person……

3.OneWordwithSeveralEquivalentsofDifferentMeanings

president：总统、总裁、主席、董事长、议长、会长、社长、校长……·carry：搬、运、送、提、拎、挑、担、抬、背、扛、搂、抱、端、举、夹、捧…..

走：walk,saunter,amble,stride,trudge,shamble,prance,scamper,clump,tiptoe….

4.EquivalentsInterwovenwithOneAnother

5.WordswithoutEquivalents

teenager13至19岁的青少年prey被捕食的动物clock-watcher老是看钟等下班的人阴

yin(inChinesethought)thesoft,inactive,femaleprincipleorforceintheworld阳

yang(inChinesethought)thestrong,active,maleprincipleorforceintheworld目不识丁(notknowone’s)ABCII.Differencesincollocation

tocutwheat割麦子tocutcake切蛋糕tocutfinger-nails剪/修指甲Heworedarkglassesandthickjersey,andstoppeduphisearswithcottonwool.他戴着黑眼镜，穿着毛衣，耳朵里塞着棉花。Buthisattackwasalwaysrepulsedbyakickorblowfromastick.但是他每冲一次，不是让人一脚踢了回去，就是让人一棍子打了回去。主谓搭配中国的发展与进步,有利于人类文明.ThedevelopingandprogressingofChinaarefavorabletothecivilizationofmankind.AdevelopingandprogressingChinaisfavorabletothecivilizationofmankind.我们进行改革开放的方向是正确的,信念是坚定的,步骤是稳妥的,方式是渐进的,取得的成就是巨大的.Thedirectionofourreformandopeningisright,ourconvictionisfirm,ourstepsaresteadyandourapproachisgradual,thereforewehaveachievedtremendoussuccesses.Wearegoingintherightdirection,firminconviction,steadyinourstepsandgradualinourapproachwhencarryingoutthereformandopening-upandthatwehaveachievedtremendoussuccesses.动宾搭配每晚我都要花一小时学习政治理论和企业管理知识.Iwouldspendonehoureveryeveninginstudyingpoliticaltheoriesandknowledgeconcerningbusinessmanagement.Iwouldspendonehoureveryeveninginstudyingpoliticaltheoriesandacquiringknowledgeconcerningbusiness,management.那位教师介绍了他教物理的宝贵经验.Theteacherintroducedhisvaluableexperienceinteachingphysics.Theteacherpassedonhisvaluableexperienceinteachingphysics.形名搭配这种型号的车床价格便宜.Thepriceofthelatheofthistypeischeap.Thepriceofthelatheofthistypeislow傍晚她要去参加一个化妆舞会.Shewouldbegoingtoamake-uppartyintheevening.Shewouldbegoingtoafancydresspartyintheevening.副动搭配结果我们采取了一种比较适合情况的政策.Intheendweadoptedthepolicycomparatively/relativelysuitedtotheprevailingconditions.Intheendweadoptedthepolicybestsuitedtotheprevailingconditions.汉英语序对比“学科”与“科学”“情人”与“人情”“辣不怕”、“不怕辣”与“怕不辣”III.ContrastbetweenEnglishandChineseatsentencelevel1.句子结构

英语造句的规律是撇开了时间顺序而着眼于空间搭架（即关系词结集）（connective-orientednexus），而汉语的规律是按照时间顺序和逻辑顺序排列句子的结构成分（即动词结集）（verb-orientednexus）。

2.句子的重心英语句子和汉语句子的重心相同，一般都落在结果结论等上，但重心的位置不同，英语一般是前重心，而汉语句子一般是后重心。

“屡战屡北”和“屡北屡战”Hewasrepeatedlydefeatedthoughhefoughtoverandoveragain.

Hefoughtoverandoveragainthoughhewasrepeatedlydefeated.

Thepeopleofasmallcountrycancertainlydefeataggressionbyabigcountry,ifonlytheydaretoriseinstruggle,daretotakeuparmsandgraspintheirownhandsthedestinyoftheirowncountry.

小国人民敢于起来斗争，敢于拿起武器，掌握自己国家的命运，就一定能够战胜大国的侵略。（条件——结果）3.形合与意合

形合（Hypotaxis）syntacticalsubordinationofclauseetc.bytheuseofconnectives.

意合(Parataxis)coordinationofclauses,etc.insuccessionwithoutconnectives.

(AmericanHeritageDictionary)

Hypotaxis：Thedepentorsubordinateconstructionorrelationshipofclauseswithconnectives,eg.Ishalldespairifyoudon’tcome.(TheworldBookDictionary)Parataxis:Thearrangingofclausesoneaftertheotherwithoutconnectivesshowingtherelat

借助形态和形式词来表示词间、小句间、和句之间的关系为形合。不借助形态和形式词，靠词语与句子本身意义上的连贯与逻辑顺序而是实现的连接为意合。形合是显性衔接(overtcohesion)，意合是隐形连贯(covertcoherence)。枯藤老树昏鸦

小桥流水人家

古道西风瘦马

夕阳西下

断肠人在天涯（意合）Theboy,whowascryingasifhisheartwouldbreak,said,whenIspoketohim,thathewasveryhungry,becausehehadnofoodfortwodays.

IV.TendifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese

1.Hypotaxis/Parataxis(英语重结构，汉语重语义)

Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswithinbuiltpersonalitieswillberegardedasworkmatesratherthantools,relaxationwillbeinfrontofsmelltelevision,anddigitalagewillhavearrived.

译文：儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视前休闲，到这时数字时代就来到了。

2.Longsentences/shortsentencesInterestinhistoricalmethodshadarisenlessthroughexternalchallengetothevalidityofhistoryasanintellectualdisciplineandmorefrominternalquarrelsamonghistoriansthemselves.人们对历史研究方法产生了兴趣，这与其说是因为外部对历史作为一门知识学科的有效性提出了挑战，还不如说是因为历史学家内部发生了争吵。

3.从句/小句Onthewholesuchaconclusioncanbedrawnwithacertaindegreeofconfidencebutonlyifthechildcanbeassumedtohavehadthesameattitudetowardsthetestastheotherwithwhomheiscompared,andonlyifhewasnotpunishedbylackofrelevantinformationwhichtheypossessed.

总的来说，得出这样一个结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他相比的另一个孩子的态度相同；他也没有因缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。

4.Pronouns/NounsTherewillbetelevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswithpollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.

届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视访谈节目及装有污染监测器的汽车，一旦这些汽车污染超标(或违规)，监测器就会使其停驶。

5.Passive/active

Itmustbepointedoutthat...必须指出……Itmustbeadmittedthat...必须承认……

Itisimaginedthat...人们认为……

Itcannotbedeniedthat...不可否认……

Itwillbeseenfromthisthat...由此可知……Itshouldberealizedthat...必须认识到……

Itis(always)stressedthat...人们(总是)强调……

Itmaybesaidwithoutfearofexaggerationthat...可以毫不夸张地说……

Anditisimaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbynomeansbecomparedwiththeseprocesses,andthattheyhavetoberequiredbyasortofspecialtraining.许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维活动相比，认为这些思维活动必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。

6.Variety/repetitionThemonkey'smostextraordinaryaccomplishmentwaslearningtooperateatractor.Bytheageofnine,themonkeyhadlearnedtosoloonthevehicle.

这只猴子最了不起的成就是学会驾驶拖拉机。到九岁的时候，这只猴子已经学会了单独表演驾驶拖拉机了。

7.Abstract/concrete

disintegration土崩瓦解

ardent

loyalty赤胆忠心

totalexhaustion

筋疲力尽

far-sightedness

远见卓识

carefulconsideration

深思熟虑

perfectharmony水乳交融

feedonfancies

画饼充饥

withgreateagerness

如饥似渴

lackofperseverance

三天打鱼，两天晒网

makealittlecontribution

添砖加瓦

onthevergeofdestruction

危在旦夕

Untilsuchtimeasmankindhasthesensetoloweritspopulationtothepointswhereastheplanetcanprovideacomfortablesupportforall,peoplewillhavetoacceptmore"unnaturalfood."

除非人类终于意识到要把人口减少到这样的程度：使地球能为所有人提供足够的饮食，否则人们将不得不接受更多的“人造食品”。

8.Contextmeaning(英语多引申，汉语多推理)Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.尽管关于历史的定义几乎和历史学家一样多，现代实践最符合这样一种定义，即把历史看作是对过去重大历史事件的再现