备考2025届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit4HistoryandTraditions新人教版必修第二册

Unit4HistoryandTraditionsAreyoueagertoknowabouttheUnitedKingdom？Thecountry’sfascinatinglandscapesofferatruefeastforyoureyesandinspiregreatpoets.Butareyoupuzzledbyitsseveralnames？SinceIvisitedgalleriesandapproachedthelocalindividuals，I’veknownmoreaboutitshistory.Inthe16thcentury，thenearbycountryofWaleswasjoinedtotheKingdomofEngland.Later，ScotlandaswellasIrelandwasjoinedtothecountry.Inthe20thcentury，thesouthernpartofIrelandannouncedthatitbrokeawayfromtheUK，resultinginthefullnamewehavetoday：theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.BelongingtotheUK，thefourcountriesusethesameflagandsharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.However，theyhavedifferenteducationsystemsandlegalsystems.Almosteverywhereyougo，you’llfindyourselfsurroundedbyamountsofevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookchargeofthelandatdifferenttimes.Studyingitshistorywillensureyourvisitismuchmoreenjoyable.1surroundvt.围绕；包围1.[人教选必③－3]ThebeautifulLiRiveranditsamazingsurrounding（surround）sceneryisoneofthemostwell-knowntouristdestinationsinChina’sGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.2.[外研必修③－1]WhenRileymovestoanewcity，shehasahardtimeadjustingtohernewsurroundings（surround）.3.绿树环绕，这个农场坐落于我们学校旁边的山脚下。一条小河穿行其中。（景色描写）Surroundedbygreentrees，thefarmislocatedatthefootofthehillnearourschool.Thereisasmallriverflowingthroughthefarm.★surround...with...用……包围……besurroundedby/with...被……包围★surroundingadj.四周的，旁边的surroundingsn.环境2chargen.收费；指控；主管vt.&vi.收费vt.控告；充电4.[人教选必②－1]He（QianXuesen）receivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.5.[人教选必④－1]Whoeverischargedwithacrimeshouldbepresumedinnocentuntilprovenotherwise.6.Thefeestheychargefortheirguaranteeofqualitywillberaisednextmonth.7.得知这些花是给孤儿院的孩子们的，慷慨的店主把花免费给了我们。Knowingtheflowerswereforthekidsintheorphanage，thegenerousshopownergaveustheflowersfreeofcharge.8.我是"TalkandTalk"节目的负责人。我很荣幸能邀请您参与现场脱口秀。 （邀请信）Iaminchargeoftheprogram"TalkandTalk".Iammuchhonoredtoinviteyouforalivetalkshow.★chargefor...收……的费用chargesb.moneyforsth.因某事向某人收费chargesb.with（doing）sth.控告/指控某人（做）某事★freeofcharge（＝forfree）免费takechargeof掌管，负责inchargeof主管，负责inthechargeofsb.＝insb.’scharge由某人掌管3amountn.金额；数量vi.总计；相当于，等于1.[外研选必④－5]Althoughthebrainamountstoonlyabout2％oftotalbodyweight，itusesupto20％ofthebody’senergy-morethananyotherorgan.2.[北师必修③－8]TheamountofwasteinlandfillsinChinahasrisen（rise）exponentially（以指数方式）overthelastdecade.点拨theamountof表示"……的数量"，修饰不行数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，再依据句中的"overthelastdecade"可知，空处应用现在完成时。留意rise的过去分词形式为risen。3.[北师必修③－8]Ahugeamountofwaste—800，000tonnes—isimported（import）eachyeartoproduceSweden’selectricity.4.[北师选必②－6]Aspresent-dayadvertisersoftenhavelargebudgets，hugeamountsofmoneyarespent（spend）onapplyingmoderndesigntechniquestomaketheseadvertisementsasvisuallyattractiveaspossible.点拨1.句意：由于当今的广告商往往有浩大的预算，他们花了大量的钱来应用现代设计技术，使这些广告尽可能地具有视觉吸引力。2.ahugeamountof和hugeamountsof都表示"大量的"，修饰不行数名词，作主语时，谓语动词的数要与amount保持一样。易混点："largequantities/amountsof＋n."作主语时谓语动词用复数，而"alargequantityof＋n."作主语时谓语动词的数取决于of后面的名词。★amountto共计，总计★theamountof＋不行数名词……的数量（作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式）alarge/smallamountof＋n.[U]＋v.（单数）large/smallamountsof＋n.[U]＋v.（复数）4approachn.方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vt.&vi.靠近1.给下列句子中的画线部分选择合适的英文释义A.amethod B.movementtowardsorneartosth. C.todealwith①[外研必修③－1]Approachedinthisway，yourfriendshipwillsoonberepaired. C②Whilethisapproachiseffectiveinlosingweight，itisnotasbeneficialaskeepingabalanceddiet. A③Shestooduptogreethimassoonasshenoticedhisapproach. B2.Thebestapproachtoachieving（achieve）agoalistodevote100％ofyourtimeandenergytoit.点拨approach后的to为介词，其后要用动词-ing形式作宾语。常见的其后跟介词to的名词还有answer，key，solution，entrance等。3.Withthecomingofthespring，everythingiscomingtolifeagain.→①Asthespringapproaches，everythingiscomingtolifeagain.（as引导状语从句，approach）→②Withthespringapproaching，everythingiscomingtolifeagain.（with复合结构，approach）★theapproachto...……的方法；通往……的道路（to为介词）theapproachto（doing）sth.（做）某事的方式/方法theapproachof...……的来临/接近★其他表示"方式、方法"的表达：ina（n）...manner；inthisway；bymeansof...；withthismethod；themethodof/for（doing）sth.5eageradj.热切的；渴望的1.[人教选必②－2]Britishpeoplearefascinatedbyourcultureandeagertolearn（learn）moreaboutit，soI’mkeentosharemyculturewiththem.2.[外研必修①－1]Iwokeupearlyandrushedoutofthedoorinmyeagerness（eager）togettoknowmynewschool.3.AstheSpringFestivalisapproaching，thechildreneagerly（eager）lookforwardtomeetingtheirgrandparentsinthehometown.4.面对这么多问题，我渴望得到你的帮助。 （求助信）→①Facingsomanyproblems，Iameagerforyourhelp.（现在分词作状语，beeagerfor）★beeagerfor...渴求得到……beeagertodosth.渴望做某事★eagerlyadv.急迫地eagernessn.渴望，热切★"渴望做某事"的其他表达：longtodosth.；bedyingtodosth.；beanxioustodosth.→②Facedwithsomanyproblems，Iameagertogetyourhelp.（过去分词作状语，beeagertodo）6breakaway（fromsb./sth.）脱离；背叛；逃脱用break的相关短语完成句子1.Hewascharginghiscarwhenthefirebrokeout.2.[外研必修②－6]Ittakeshundredsofyearsforplastictobreakdown，butmuchlesstimeforpaper.3.Mydogsuddenlybrokeawayfromme，chargedatthedoorandbegantobarkfiercely.点拨此处charge作动词，意为"向……方向冲去"。如：Thechildrenchargeddownthestairs.孩子们冲下了楼梯。4.Thisstoryoffriendshipistouchingbecauseitshowshowfriendshipcanbreakthroughourphysicalweaknessestoconnectourhearts.5.Herlittlefacebrokeintoasmilewhenherfathercamearoundthecorner. （读后续写之神态描写）★breakdown破坏；（使）分解；（机器等）出故障，（车辆等）抛锚；（身体）出毛病，垮掉；（支配等）失败；消退（某种感情或看法）breakin打断，插话；破门而入breakinto强行闯入；突然起先breakout（斗争、火灾等）爆发，突然发生breakthrough突破，冲破breakup裂开；解散；结束7belongto属于1.WhenIwaswaitingonthestagetobeawarded，Icouldn’thelpthinkingthatthisprizebelongedtoeveryoneofourteam.2.Pleasemakesureyouhaveallyourbelongings（belong）withyouwhenleavingtheplane.3.Familyalbumscreateastrongsenseofbelonging（猛烈的归属感）forfamilymembers.4.这个酒馆是我邻居的，他为了独立已经脱离了家庭。Thepubbelongstomyneighbor，whohasbrokenawayfromhisfamilytobeindependent.（who引导非限制性定语从句）★belongto无被动语态和进行时态；其后接名词或代词作宾语，但不能接名词全部格或名词性物主代词。★belongingn.[U]归属；[pl.]全部物asenseofbelonging归属感8aswellas同（一样也）；和；还1.[外研必修②－6]Thisincludeskeepingtheoriginalenvironmentfrombeingtouched，aswellasadopting（adopt）new，sustainablewaysoffeedingfarmanimals.2.[人教选必②－2]Aswellasstudying（study）hard，I’vebeeninvolvedinsocialactivities.点拨此处aswellas为介词，表示"除……之外"，故其后应用动词-ing形式作宾语。句意：除了努力学习，我还参与了社交活动。3.Thefascinatinglandscapeaswellastheuniquelocaldishesmakes（make）theislandoneofAmerica’smostpopulartouristdestinations. （景点介绍）点拨aswellas在此连接两个并列主语，谓语的数应与前面的Thefascinatinglandscape保持一样。有类似用法的词语还有with，alongwith，togetherwith，ratherthan，besides，but，except等，如：Themother，togetherwithherchildren，hasgonetothecountrysidetovisittheirgrandparents.4.IamfondoflisteningtoEnglishsongs，andIalsolikereadingEnglishnovels.→IamfondoflisteningtoEnglishsongsaswellasreadingEnglishnovels.（写作升级）★作并列连词，表示"和，也"，连接并列成分；连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与aswellas前面的成分在人称和数上保持一样。★作介词，表示"除……之外"，相当于besides和inadditionto。★表示同级比较，意为"和……一样好"，此时well是副词。9with复合结构1.Withsomanyproblemstoapproach（approach），wedecidedtoholdanothermeetingassoonaspossible.2.ThemomentIwalkedintothegallery，Inoticedthepainter，withhiseyesfocused（focus）onastatue.3.Theparkisalwayscrowdedonweekends，withlargenumbersofpeopleenjoying（enjoy）themselvesthere.★with＋宾语＋adj./adv./介词短语with＋宾语＋todo（表示动作尚未发生）with＋宾语＋doing（表示主动、动作正在进行）with＋宾语＋done（表示被动、动作已完成）4.Withtearsinhiseyes（眼里含着泪水），theeldersoldierstoodtherestill，watchingtheredflagrisingtotheair. （读后续写之神态描写）10if省略结构ifnotifanyifpossibleifsoifnecessary1.[外研必修①－1]Youmusthavehadsomemomentswhenyouweredisappointed.Ifso，howdidyoudealwiththem？2.Doesthisbagbelongtoyou？Ifnot，wesurelymustfindtheowner.3.Ifpossible，keepasparepairofglassesaccessibleincaseyourmainpairisbrokenorlost.4.Ifnecessary，youcanringmeandIwillcomeinnotime.★ifany即使有，假如有的话ifnot假如不是这样的话；不然ifso假如是这样的话ifever假如有过/发生过的话ifnecessary假如有必要的话ifpossible假如可能的话5.Afterfinishingwriting，weneedto